Halachaהלכה

Marit Ayin: The Appearance of Impropriety

These sources explore marit ayin (the appearance of wrongdoing), a foundational rabbinic principle requiring Jews to avoid actions that might create suspicion of transgression, even when technically permitted. The sources range from Talmudic discussions of idolatry and Shabbat observance to practical rulings on kashrut, grounded in the biblical imperative to be 'clean before God and before Israel.'

כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעַיִן — אֲפִילּוּ בְּחַדְרֵי חֲדָרִים אָסוּר

14 sources · all verified

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Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Bamidbar

במדבר ל״ב:כ״ב

Numbers 32:22

The verse commands one to be 'clean before the Lord and before Israel' (naki me'Hashem umiyisrael) — the biblical basis that Chazal cite as the source for the principle of marit ayin, requiring one to avoid even the appearance of wrongdoing in the eyes of others.

וְנִכְבְּשָׁ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ וְאַחַ֣ר תָּשֻׁ֔בוּ וִהְיִיתֶ֧ם נְקִיִּ֛ם מֵיְהֹוָ֖ה וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְ֠הָיְתָ֠ה הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֥את לָכֶ֛ם לַאֲחֻזָּ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃

and the land has been subdued at the instance of GOD, and then you return—you shall be clear before GOD and before Israel; and this land shall be your holding under GOD.

See also

  • Bava Metzia 90aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
  • Bekhorot 43b-44aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
  • Beitzah 9aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Mishlei

משלי ג׳:ד׳

Proverbs 3:4

The verse 'Find favor and good understanding in the eyes of God and man' is cited by classical authorities as a biblical expression of the value underlying marit ayin — that one's actions must appear upright not only before Heaven but in the eyes of one's community.

וּמְצָא־חֵ֥ן וְשֵֽׂכֶל־ט֑וֹב בְּעֵינֵ֖י אֱלֹהִ֣ים וְאָדָֽם׃

And you will find favor and approbation In the eyes of God and human beings.

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Bavli, Avodah Zarah

עבודה זרה י״ב א

Avodah Zarah 12a

The Talmud discusses prohibitions connected to idolatry and introduces the principle that even permitted actions may be forbidden in certain contexts due to marit ayin — so that onlookers will not suspect one of idol worship.

יָשַׁב לוֹ קוֹץ בִּפְנֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה — לֹא יִשְׁחֶה וְיִטְלֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כְּמִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְאִם אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה — מוּתָּר. נִתְפַּזְּרוּ לוֹ מְעוֹתָיו בִּפְנֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה — לֹא יִשְׁחֶה וְיִטְּלֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כְּמִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְאִם אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה — מוּתָּר. מַעְיָין הַמּוֹשֵׁךְ לִפְנֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה — לֹא יִשְׁחֶה וְיִשְׁתֶּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כְּמִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְאִם אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה — מוּתָּר. פַּרְצוּפוֹת הַמְקַלְּחִין מַיִם לִכְרַכִּין — לֹא יַנִּיחַ פִּיו עַל פִּיהֶם וְיִשְׁתֶּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּרְאֶה כִּמְנַשֵּׁק לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ — לֹא יַנִּיחַ פִּיו עַל סִילוֹן וְיִשְׁתֶּה, מִפְּנֵי הַסַּכָּנָה. מַאי ״אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה״? אִילֵּימָא דְּלָא מִתְחֲזֵי, וְהָאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעַיִן, אֲפִילּוּ בְּחַדְרֵי חֲדָרִים אָסוּר! אֶלָּא אֵימָא: אִם אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה כְּמִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה — מוּתָּר.

The baraita continues: If a thorn became imbedded in one’s foot while he was standing before an object of idol worship, he may not bend down and remove the thorn, because he appears to be bowing down to the object of idol worship; but if he is not seen, it is permitted. If one’s coins were scattered while he is before an object of idol worship, he may not bend down and pick them up, because he appears to be bowing down to the object of idol worship; but if he is not seen, it is permitted. Likewise, if there is a spring that runs before an object of idol worship, one may not bend down and drink from it, because he appears to be bowing down to the object of idol worship; but if he is not seen, it is permitted. With regard to figures of human faces [partzufot] that spray water in the cities, i.e., fountains, one may not place his mouth on the mouths of the figures and drink, because he appears to be kissing the object of idol worship. Similarly, one may not place his mouth on a pipe [sillon] and drink, here due to the danger that this practice poses. The Gemara asks: What does the baraita mean when it states: If he is not seen? If we say it means that he is not seen by others, doesn’t Rav Yehuda say that Rav says: Wherever the Sages prohibited an action due to the appearance of prohibition, it is prohibited even in the innermost chambers where no one will see it, as the Sages did not distinguish between different circumstances in such cases. Accordingly, the fact that he is not seen by anyone should make no difference with regard to whether or not the action is prohibited. Rather, say: If he is not seen as one who bows down to an object of idol worship, i.e., he turns his side or back to the idol, then it is permitted.

See also

  • Bava Metzia 90aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
  • Bekhorot 43b-44aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
  • Beitzah 9aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Bavli, Berakhot

ברכות מ״ג ב

Berakhot 43b

The Talmud states that certain actions are forbidden because of marit ayin — appearances — even when there is no actual prohibition, since one must avoid giving others the impression that a transgression is being committed.

אַל יֵצֵא כְּשֶׁהוּא מְבוּשָּׂם לַשּׁוּק: אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁחֲשׁוּדִים עַל מִשְׁכַּב זָכוּר. אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: לָא אֲמַרַן אֶלָּא בְּבִגְדוֹ, אֲבָל בְּגוּפוֹ — זֵיעָה מְעַבְּרָא לֵיהּ. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: וּשְׂעָרוֹ כְּבִגְדוֹ דָּמֵי, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ כְּגוּפוֹ דָּמֵי. וְאַל יֵצֵא יְחִידִי בַּלַּיְלָה: מִשּׁוּם חֲשָׁדָא. וְלָא אֲמַרַן אֶלָּא דְּלָא קְבִיעַ לֵיהּ עִידָּנָא, אֲבָל קְבִיעַ לֵיהּ עִידָּנָא — מִידָּע יְדִיעַ דִּלְעִידָּנֵיהּ קָא אָזֵיל. וְאַל יְסַפֵּר עִם אִשָּׁה בַּשּׁוּק: אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: וַאֲפִילּוּ הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ. תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: אֲפִילּוּ הִיא אִשְׁתּוֹ, וַאֲפִילּוּ הִיא בִּתּוֹ, וַאֲפִילּוּ הִיא אֲחוֹתוֹ — לְפִי שֶׁאֵין הַכֹּל בְּקִיאִין בִּקְרוֹבוֹתָיו.

The Gemara elaborates on the statements of the baraita. He may not go out perfumed into the marketplace; Rabbi Abba, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This prohibition only applies in a place where they are suspected of homosexuality. One who goes out into the marketplace perfumed, will arouse suspicion. Rav Sheshet said: We only said this with regard to his clothing that was perfumed, but with regard to his body, it is permitted, as his sweat causes the fragrance to dissipate. Rav Pappa said: In this regard, his hair is considered like his clothing. And some say: His hair is considered like his body. He may not go out of his house alone at night because of suspicion of promiscuity. And therefore this was only prohibited if he does not have a set time during the night to study with his teacher, but if he has a set time, everyone knows that he is going to study with his teacher at his set time, and they will not be suspicious of him. He may not converse with a woman in the marketplace. Rav Ḥisda said: Even if she is his wife. This was also taught in a baraita: One may not converse with a woman in the market, even if she is his wife, even if she is his daughter and even if she is his sister, for not everyone is well-versed in the identity of his female relatives and they will suspect that he is talking to women who are not his relatives.

See also

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Bavli, Shabbat

שבת ס״ד ב

Shabbat 64b

The Talmud discusses whether a woman may go out on Shabbat wearing certain jewelry or ornaments, and raises the concern of marit ayin in public spaces, applying the principle broadly to rabbinic restrictions designed to prevent suspicion.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעַיִן — אֲפִילּוּ בְּחַדְרֵי חֲדָרִים אָסוּר.

Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Wherever the Sages prohibited an action due to the appearance of prohibition, even in the innermost chambers, where no one will see it, it is prohibited. When prohibiting an action, the Sages did not distinguish between different circumstances. They prohibited performing the action in all cases.

See also

  • Bava Metzia 90aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
  • Bekhorot 43b-44aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
  • Beitzah 9aunverifiedFiled under: Marit Ayin - Concern that an act may appear to be Halachically improper
Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Mishnah Shekalim

משנה שקלים ג׳:ב׳

Mishnah Shekalim 3:2

The Mishnah describes how the treasurer who enters the chamber to take up the shekel contribution must wear a garment with no pockets or folds — so that he will not arouse suspicion (marit ayin) that he has taken from the public funds, teaching that one must be beyond reproach both before God and before people.

אֵין הַתּוֹרֵם נִכְנָס לֹא בְּפַרְגּוֹד חָפוּת, וְלֹא בְּמִנְעָל, וְלֹא בְּסַנְדָּל, וְלֹא בִּתְפִלִּין, וְלֹא בְּקָמִיעַ, שֶׁמָּא יַעֲנִי, וְיֹאמְרוּ מֵעֲוֹן הַלִּשְׁכָּה הֶעֱנִי, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא יַעֲשִׁיר, וְיֹאמְרוּ מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה הֶעֱשִׁיר. לְפִי שֶׁאָדָם צָרִיךְ לָצֵאת יְדֵי הַבְּרִיּוֹת כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לָצֵאת יְדֵי הַמָּקוֹם, שְׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר לב) וִהְיִיתֶם נְקִיִים מֵיְיָ וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, וְאוֹמֵר (משלי ג) וּמְצָא חֵן וְשֵׂכֶל טוֹב בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים וְאָדָם:

Even though one should not suspect someone of stealing consecrated shekels, the one collecting the funds from the chamber must nevertheless take these precautions, as a person must appear justified before people just as he must appear justified before the Omnipresent [HaMakom], and it is stated: “And you shall be guiltless before the Lord and before Israel” (Numbers 32:22). From here it may be inferred that it is not enough to be innocent before God; one must also be innocent before the Jewish people. Even in situations where there is little concern that one may commit a sin, the proper course is to remain above any possible suspicion of misconduct. And the verse states: “So shall you find grace and good understanding in the sight of God and man” (Proverbs 3:4).

See also

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Bavli, Chullin

חולין ק״ה א

Chullin 105a

The Talmud records that Mar Ukva refrained from eating meat at the same meal as cheese — even though his father's more stringent practice was not required of him — and discusses various marit ayin concerns in the context of the laws of milk and meat.

אָמַר מָר עוּקְבָא: אֲנָא, לְהָא מִלְּתָא, חַלָּא בַּר חַמְרָא לְגַבֵּי אַבָּא, דְּאִילּוּ אַבָּא כִּי הֲוָה אָכֵיל בִּשְׂרָא הָאִידָּנָא, לָא הֲוָה אָכֵל גְּבִינָה עַד לִמְחַר עַד הַשְׁתָּא, וְאִילּוּ אֲנָא – בְּהָא סְעוֹדְתָּא הוּא דְּלָא אָכֵילְנָא, לִסְעוֹדְתָּא אַחְרִיתָא – אָכֵילְנָא.

Mar Ukva said: I am, with regard to this matter, like vinegar, son of wine, with respect to Father, i.e., my practice is inferior to that of my father. As Father, if he were to eat meat at this time, would not eat cheese until tomorrow at this time. But as for me, only at this meal, during which I ate meat, do I not eat cheese; at a different meal on the same day I will eat cheese.

See also

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

recovered from “Teshuvot haRashba part I 167

Responsa of the Rashba, Part I

שו"ת הרשב"א חלק א

Teshuvot haRashba part I

The Rashba discusses whether marit ayin applies in private settings and whether it can override other considerations, offering a nuanced analysis of the scope and limits of the principle in halakhic decision-making.

ועם כל זה מנעתי המנהג הזה מעירנו ומכל מקום איני רואה לפסול השחיט׳ מפני שלא פסלו אלא השוחט לשם דבר הנדר והנדב ודוקא תמימים אבל בעלי מומין לא לפי שכל הרואה יודע שאין זה לשם עולה ולשם שלמים דוקא אלא דברי הבאי בעלמא ולפיכך כתבתי אני בספרי ספר תורת הבית שהשוחט תרנגולין אווזין לשם אחד מכל אלו ששחיטתן כשרה לפי שהכל יודעין שאין אחד מאלו עולין לקרבן.

No sage among these sages of the science of nature can comprehend this by studying nature.

Source 9 · Acharonim
Verified

Tomer Devorah

תומר דבורה ז׳

Tomer Devorah 7

Rabbi Moshe Cordovero teaches in chapter 7 about the middah of divine honor and how human beings are obligated to conduct themselves in a way that sanctifies God's name publicly — providing the ethical-kabbalistic grounding for why external appearances and the impressions one creates in others matter deeply.

שְׁלִישִׁית - הַמִּתְגָּאֶה בְּתוֹרָתוֹ עַל עַמָּא דְאַרְעָא שֶׁהוּא כְּלַל עַם ה', גּוֹרֵם שֶׁהַתִּפְאֶרֶת יִתְגָּאֶה מֵעַל הַמַּלְכוּת וְלֹא יַשְׁפִּיעַ בָּהּ אֶלָּא יִהְיֶה דַּעְתּוֹ מְעֹרֶבֶת עִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת וְכָל עַם הַיִּשּׁוּב חֲשׁוּבִים לְפָנָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם לְמַטָּה בְּסוֹד הָאָרֶץ וְחַס וְשָׁלוֹם אִם קוֹרֵא אֹתָם חֲמוֹרִים מוֹרִידָם אֶל הַקְּלִפּוֹת לְכָךְ לֹא יִזְכֶּה לְבֵן שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בּוֹ אוֹר תּוֹרָה כִּדְאִיתָא בַּגְּמָרָא (נְדָרִים פא.). אֵלֶּה יִתְנַהֵג עִמָּהֶם בְּנַחַת עַל פִּי דַרְכָּם, כְּעֵין הַתִּפְאֶרֶת שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁפִּיעַ לַמַּלְכוּת וּמַנְהִיגָה כְּפִי עֲנִיּוּת דַּעְתָּהּ, כִּי דַּעְתָּן שֶׁל נָשִׁים קַלָּה (שַׁבָּת לג:) וּבִכְלַל זֶה שֶׁלֹּא יִתְגָּאֶה עַל כָּל חֲלוּשֵׁי הַדַּעַת שֶׁהֵם בִּכְלַל עֲפַר הָאָרֶץ. וּמִפְּנֵי זֶה הַקַּדְמוֹנִים לֹא הָיוּ מִתְגָּאִים בַּתּוֹרָה כְּעוּבְדָּא דְּרַב הַמְנוּנָא בְּפָרָשַׁת בְּרֵאשִׁית (דַּף ז.) וּכְעוּבְדָּא דְּרַבִּי חַגַּאי (זֹהַר חֵלֶק א' דַּף קנח.) וּבַתִּקּוּנִים (סוֹף תִּקּוּן כ"ו, דַּף ע"ב, ב) הַהוּא סָבָא דְּבָעוּ לְנַשְּׁקָא לֵיהּ פָּרַח, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה רוֹצֶה לְהִתְגָּאוֹת בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה.

The third: One who becomes haughty from his Torah upon the people of the land - which is the general people of God - causes Splendor to become haughty over Kingship and not to flow upon it. Rather, his disposition [should] be pleasant with the creatures and all the people of the settlement be important in front of him - as they are below in the secret of the Land. And God forbid, if he calls them donkeys, he lowers them to the husks. Hence he will not merit to have a son that will have the light of the Torah in him, as it is [found] in the Gemara (Nedarim 81a). Rather, he should behave with them gently, according to their way, similar to Splendor that flows to Kingship and guides Her according to the poverty of Her mind - as the "minds of women are weak" (Shabbat 33b). And included in this is that he not become haughty over the weak of mind that are included in the 'dust of the earth.' And because of this, the ancient ones would not become haughty from their Torah, like [in] that occurrence of Rav Hamnuna in [the Zohar,] Parshat Bereishit and like the occurrence of Rabbi Chagai (Zohar, Part I, p. 158a), and in the Tikkunim (the end of Tikkun 26, p. 72b) of that elder who fled when they wanted to kiss him, as he did not want to become haughty with words of Torah.

Source 10 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah

שולחן ערוך, יורה דעה פ״ז:ג׳

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 87:3

The Shulchan Arukh rules on specific cases involving the appearance of mixing milk and meat, ruling stringently even when no actual violation occurred, on account of marit ayin — the concern that onlookers will suspect a prohibited act.

הגה ונהגו לעשות חלב משקדים ומניחים בה בשר עוף הואיל ואינו רק מדרבנן אבל בשר בהמה יש להניח אצל החלב שקדים משום מראית העין כמו שנתבאר לעיל סי' ס"ו לענין דם (ד"ע):

GLOSS: It is customary to put poultry meat in almond milk, seeing that such a mixture, even if the milk were real, is only prohibited by rabbinic order; but when it comes to beef, a few almonds must be left in the milk to avoid suspicion, as stated earlier, § 66, regarding blood.

See also

Source 11 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים ש״א:מ״ה

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 301:45

The Shulchan Arukh discusses restrictions on Shabbat related to marit ayin, ruling that certain permitted activities are nonetheless prohibited when performed in public because they create the appearance of a Shabbat violation.

מי שנשרו כליו במים הולך בהם ואינו חושש שמא יבא לידי סחיטה ולא ישטחם לנגבם מפני מראית העין שלא יחשדוהו שכבסן בשבת ואפילו בחדרי חדרים שאין שם רואים אסור ולא אסרו אלא לשוטחן בשבת אבל אם שטח מע"ש כלים המכובסים אינו חייב לסלקן בשבת:

The Sages only forbade spreading them out on Shabbos, but if one spread out laundered clothes before Shabbos, one need not take them in on Shabbos.

See also

  • Shabbat 3bunverifiedFiled under: חדרי חדרים
  • Eruvin 8a:9unverifiedFiled under: חדרי חדרים
  • Shabbat 65unverifiedFiled under: חדרי חדרים
Source 12 · Acharonim
Verified

Mishnah Berurah

משנה ברורה ש״א:קנ״ב

Mishnah Berurah 301:152

The Chafetz Chaim elaborates on cases of marit ayin on Shabbat, clarifying which actions are prohibited due to appearances alone and distinguishing between public and private settings, with practical rulings for daily life.

(קנב) משום אהל - אף שאין אהל בלא דפנות מ"מ חשיב אהל עראי ואסור מדרבנן כיון שנעשה השפה להיות לצל להגן מפני השמש. וכובע שקורין בריטלי"ך בל"א אע"פ שמתפשט להלן מהראש ברחבו טפח ונוהגין בו להקל כתבו האחרונים כמה צדדים בטעם היתרם אחד כיון דאינו קשה ונכפף למטה אין בו חשש איסור והיינו כשאין מונח בו נייר קשה ואפילו אם הוא קשה הלא אינו מתכוין בלבישתו להיות לצל רק מכוין לכסות ראשו וכן אם השפה עשוי בשפוע ג"כ יש לצדד דלא מקרי אהל באופן זה ובא"ר כתב דטעם העולם הוא משום דסומכין עצמם על שיטת רש"י וסייעתו דס"ל שאין בכובע איסור אהל כלל ע"ש. ולפ"ז אפילו בקאפעלו"ש שהוא קשה ויהיה ברוחב השפה טפח ג"כ אין למחות במקום שנוהגין להקל אף שמסתמא נעשה שפה כזו לצל ובמקום שלא נהגו להקל בזה בודאי יש להחמיר כדעת השו"ע [שהיא ע"פ דעת הר"ח והרמב"ם והערוך והר"ת והרה"מ] שלא ללבוש בשבת קאפעלו"ש רחב כזה וגם בכתבי האר"י אוסר בקאפלו"ש.

See also

Source 13 · Acharonim
Verified

Netivot Olam, Netiv HaTzniut

נתיבות עולם, נתיב הצניעות א׳:א׳

Netivot Olam, Netiv Hatzniut 1:1

The Maharal discusses tzniut (modesty/hiddenness) and teaches that a person's conduct must reflect inner truth made visible to others — the path of tzniut ensures that outer appearances align with inner reality, which is the positive ideal behind the avoidance of marit ayin.

בספר משלי (י"א) בא זדון ויבא קלון ואת צנועים חכמה, שלמה המלך רצה לומר כי עם הזדון דהיינו מי שאינו צנוע והוא נקרא זדון שאין לו בושה להיות מתפעל מן הבריות וזה נקרא זדון לב, וכאשר האדם הוא כך בא קלון וחרפה אליו, כפי מדתו אשר נמשך אחריו שהוא רחוק מן הכבוד ולפיכך ויבא קלון. ואת צנועים חכמה כי מי שהוא בצניעות נמשך אחריו החכמה, כי החכמה ראוי לה הצניעות:

Source 14 · Hasidic
Verified

Noam Elimelech, Vayera

נועם אלימלך, ספר בראשית, וירא

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Vayera

The Noam Elimelech teaches that a tzaddik must be scrupulously careful not only in actual conduct but in the impression created for others — that marit ayin is bound up with the Torah leader's responsibility to guide the community by example, and that avoiding suspicious appearances is itself a form of sanctifying God's name.

ואמר הכתוב מהיכן זכה זאת שנראה ה' אליו ע"י עסק תורתו? זאת היתה לו מחמת הכנעה גדולה שהיה בו, דהיינו "והוא יושב פתח האוהל", דהיינו אף שהיה צדיק גדול אעפ"כ החזיק עצמו בהכנעה גדולה שעדיין יושב בפתח והתחלה של הקדושה, ד'אהל' רמז על הקדושה, "כחום היום", ר"ל שיש בני אדם שנראים שהם מוכנעים אבל אין תוכו כברו, ואמר הכתוב שאברהם היה מוכנע גדול באמת בלב שלם ממש, וברור כשמש בעיניו שאינו אלא מתחיל בעבודתו יתברך

And this is "and revealed to him, Ad-nai, in the trees of Mamre" (Genesis 18:1).

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