Tanakhתנ״ך

Did the Patriarchs Observe the Torah?

Sources explore whether Abraham and the other Avos kept the Torah before it was given at Sinai. The discussion spans biblical verses, classical rabbinic interpretations, medieval commentaries, and Hasidic perspectives on how the patriarchs observed Jewish law through divine guidance and spiritual intuition.

קִיֵּים אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ

16 sources · verified

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Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Genesis

Genesis 26:5

God tells Isaac that Abraham kept His charge, His commandments, His statutes, and His laws, implying that Abraham observed the Torah.

עֵ֕קֶב אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֥ע אַבְרָהָ֖ם בְּקֹלִ֑י וַיִּשְׁמֹר֙ מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֔י מִצְוֺתַ֖י חֻקּוֹתַ֥י וְתוֹרֹתָֽי׃

inasmuch as Abraham obeyed Me and kept My charge: My commandments, My laws, and My teachings.”

Source 2 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli, Yoma

Yoma 28b:9

The Talmud discusses that Abraham fulfilled the entire Torah before it was even given, based on an interpretation of Genesis 26:5.

אָמַר רַב: קִיֵּים אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם בְּקוֹלִי וְגוֹ׳״. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב שִׁימִי בַּר חִיָּיא לְרַב: וְאֵימָא שֶׁבַע מִצְוֹת? הָא אִיכָּא נָמֵי מִילָה! וְאֵימָא שֶׁבַע מִצְוֹת וּמִילָה! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִם כֵּן ״מִצְוֹתַי וְתוֹרוֹתָי״ לְמָה לִי? אָמַר (רַב), וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב אָשֵׁי: קִיֵּים אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ אֲפִילּוּ עֵירוּבֵי תַבְשִׁילִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״תּוֹרוֹתָי״, אַחַת תּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב וְאַחַת תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה.

Apropos the previous statement, the Gemara cites that Rav said: Abraham our Patriarch fulfilled the entire Torah before it was given, as it is stated: “Because [ekev] Abraham hearkened to My voice and kept My charge, My mitzvot, My statutes and My Torahs” (Genesis 26:5). Rav Shimi bar Ḥiyya said to Rav: And say that the verse means that he fulfilled only the seven Noahide mitzvot and not the entire Torah. The Gemara asks: But isn’t there also circumcision that Abraham clearly observed, which is not one of the Noahide laws? Apparently, Abraham fulfilled more than just those seven. The Gemara asks: And say that he fulfilled only the seven mitzvot and circumcision. Rav said to him: If so, why do I need the continuation of the verse, that Abraham kept: My mitzvot and My Torah? That is a clear indication that he fulfilled mitzvot beyond the seven Noahide mitzvot, and apparently fulfilled the entire Torah. Rav said, and some say Rav Ashi said: Abraham our Patriarch fulfilled the entire Torah, even the mitzva of the joining of cooked foods, a rabbinic ordinance instituted later, as it is stated: My Torahs. Since the term is in the plural, it indicates that Abraham kept two Torahs; one, the Written Torah, and one, the Oral Torah. In the course of fulfilling the Oral Torah, he fulfilled all the details and parameters included therein.

Source 3 · Chazal
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Genesis Rabbah

Bereshit Rabbah 95:3

The Midrash addresses questions about how the patriarchs observed Jewish law before its formal giving at Sinai.

וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם יוֹסֵף עֲגָלוֹת עַל פִּי פַרְעֹה, לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁבְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהָיָה יַעֲקֹב יוֹשֵׁב הָיָה עוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ אֲבוֹתָיו. וְעַד עַכְשָׁיו לֹא נִתְּנָה תּוֹרָה וּכְתִיב בְּאַבְרָהָם (בראשית כו, ה): וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי, וּמֵהֵיכָן לָמַד אַבְרָהָם אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר נַעֲשׂוּ שְׁתֵּי כִּלְיוֹתָיו כִּשְׁתֵּי כַּדִּים שֶׁל מַיִם וְהָיוּ נוֹבְעוֹת תּוֹרָה, וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁכֵּן הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים טז, ז): אַף לֵילוֹת יִסְרוּנִי וגו'. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר מֵעַצְמוֹ לָמַד תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יד, יד): מִדְּרָכָיו יִשְׂבַּע סוּג לֵב וּמֵעָלָיו אִישׁ טוֹב. רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן שַׂר הַבִּירָה אָמַר אֲפִלּוּ עֵרוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין הָיָה אַבְרָהָם יוֹדֵעַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כו, ה): עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם וגו'.

He said to them: ‘If you know at what chapter Joseph left me, I will believe you.’ Joseph, too, knew at what chapter he left him. What did Joseph do? He gave them wagons [agalot], as it is stated: “Joseph gave them wagons by Pharaoh’s order” (Genesis 45:21). This is to teach you that everywhere Jacob would settle he would study Torah, just as his fathers would. At this point, the Torah had not been given, but it is written of Abraham: “[Because Abraham heeded My voice,] and he kept My charge, [My commands, My decrees, and My Torahs]” (Genesis 26:5) – from where did Abraham learn the Torah? Rabban Shimon says: His two kidneys became like two jugs of water and they would gush Torah. From where is it derived that it is so? As it is stated: “Even on nights [my kidneys] instruct me” (Psalms 16:7). Rabbi Levi said: He studied Torah on his own, as it is stated: “The dissembler in his heart shall have his fill from his own ways, and a good man shall be satisfied from himself” (Proverbs 14:14). Rabbi Yonatan Sar HaBira said: Abraham knew even the joining of cooked foods, as it is stated: “Because Abraham heeded…” (Genesis 26:5).

Source 4 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli, Berakhot

Berakhot 26b:4

The Gemara attributes the institution of the three daily prayers to the Avos — Avraham instituted Shacharit, Yitzchak Mincha, and Yaakov Maariv — indicating the Avos practiced mitzvot on their own initiative.

אִיתְּמַר, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: תְּפִלּוֹת אָבוֹת תִּקְּנוּם. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר: תְּפִלּוֹת כְּנֶגֶד תְּמִידִין תִּקְּנוּם. תַּנְיָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא, וְתַנְיָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. תַּנְיָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: אַבְרָהָם תִּקֵּן תְּפִלַּת שַׁחֲרִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר אֶל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר עָמַד שָׁם״, וְאֵין ״עֲמִידָה״ אֶלָּא תְּפִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיַּעֲמֹד פִּינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּל״. יִצְחָק תִּקֵּן תְּפִלַּת מִנְחָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַיֵּצֵא יִצְחָק לָשׂוּחַ בַּשָּׂדֶה לִפְנוֹת עָרֶב״, וְאֵין ״שִׂיחָה״ אֶלָּא תְּפִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״תְּפִלָּה לְעָנִי כִי יַעֲטֹף וְלִפְנֵי ה׳ יִשְׁפֹּךְ שִׂיחוֹ״. יַעֲקֹב תִּקֵּן תְּפִלַּת עַרְבִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּפְגַּע בַּמָּקוֹם וַיָּלֶן שָׁם״, וְאֵין ״פְּגִיעָה״ אֶלָּא תְּפִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאַתָּה אַל תִּתְפַּלֵּל בְּעַד הָעָם הַזֶּה וְאַל תִּשָּׂא בַעֲדָם רִנָּה וּתְפִלָּה וְאַל תִּפְגַּע בִּי״

The dispute between the Rabbis and Rabbi Yehuda with regard to the times beyond which the different prayers may not be recited is rooted in a profound disagreement, also manifest in a later amoraic dispute. It was stated: Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: The practice of praying three times daily is ancient, albeit not in its present form; prayers were instituted by the Patriarchs. However, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said that the prayers were instituted based on the daily offerings sacrificed in the Holy Temple, and the prayers parallel the offerings, in terms of both time and characteristics. The Gemara comments: It was taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, and it was taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. The Gemara elaborates: It was taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina: Abraham instituted the morning prayer, as it is stated when Abraham came to look out over Sodom the day after he had prayed on its behalf: “And Abraham rose early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the Lord” (Genesis 19:27), and from the context as well as the language utilized in the verse, the verb standing means nothing other than prayer, as this language is used to describe Pinehas’ prayer after the plague, as it is stated: “And Pinehas stood up and prayed and the plague ended” (Psalms 106:30). Clearly, Abraham was accustomed to stand in prayer in the morning. Isaac instituted the afternoon prayer, as it is stated: “And Isaac went out to converse [lasuaḥ] in the field toward evening” (Genesis 24:63), and conversation means nothing other than prayer, as it is stated: “A prayer of the afflicted when he is faint and pours out his complaint [siḥo] before the Lord” (Psalms 102:1). Obviously, Isaac was the first to pray as evening approached, at the time of the afternoon prayer. Jacob instituted the evening prayer, as it is stated: “And he encountered [vayifga] the place and he slept there for the sun had set” (Genesis 28:11). The word encounter means nothing other than prayer, as it is stated when God spoke to Jeremiah: “And you, do not pray on behalf of this nation and do not raise on their behalf song and prayer, and do not encounter [tifga] Me for I do not hear you” (Jeremiah 7:16). Jacob prayed during the evening, after the sun had set.

Source 5 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli, Kiddushin

Kiddushin 82a:10

The Gemara states that Avraham observed the entire Torah, even the rabbinic laws, before it was given, based on the phrase 'my Torah' in Bereishit 26:5.

בְּנַעֲרוּתוֹ מַהוּ אוֹמֵר? ״וְקוֹיֵ ה׳ יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ״. בְּזִקְנוּתוֹ מַהוּ אוֹמֵר? ״עוֹד יְנוּבוּן בְּשֵׂיבָה״, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּאַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ: ״וְאַבְרָהָם זָקֵן... וַה׳ בֵּרַךְ אֶת אַבְרָהָם בַּכֹּל״ – מָצִינוּ שֶׁעָשָׂה אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ אֶת כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִיתְּנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם בְּקֹלִי וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי מִצְוֹתַי חֻקּוֹתַי וְתוֹרֹתָי״

The mishna explains: With regard to his youth, what does it say about a Torah scholar? “But they that wait for the Lord shall renew their strength” (Isaiah 40:31). With regard to his old age, what does it say? “They shall still bring forth fruit in old age” (Psalms 92:15), and it likewise states with regard to Abraham our forefather: “And Abraham was old, well stricken in age; and the Lord had blessed Abraham in all things” (Genesis 24:1). We found that Abraham our forefather fulfilled the entire Torah before it was given, as it is stated: “Because that Abraham listened to My voice, and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws” (Genesis 26:5), which indicates that Abraham observed all the mitzvot of his own accord and was rewarded in his old age as a result.

Source 6 · Chazal
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Shabbat 88a

Shabbat 88a:5

״וַיִּתְיַצְּבוּ בְּתַחְתִּית הָהָר״, אָמַר רַב אַבְדִּימִי בַּר חָמָא בַּר חַסָּא: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּפָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת הָהָר כְּגִיגִית, וְאָמַר לָהֶם: אִם אַתֶּם מְקַבְּלִים הַתּוֹרָה מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו — שָׁם תְּהֵא קְבוּרַתְכֶם. אָמַר רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב: מִכָּאן מוֹדָעָא רַבָּה לְאוֹרָיְיתָא. אָמַר רָבָא: אַף עַל פִּי כֵן הֲדוּר קַבְּלוּהָ בִּימֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, דִּכְתִיב: ״קִיְּמוּ וְקִבְּלוּ הַיְּהוּדִים״ — קִיְּימוּ מַה שֶּׁקִּיבְּלוּ כְּבָר.

The Gemara cites additional homiletic interpretations on the topic of the revelation at Sinai. The Torah says, “And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet God; and they stood at the lowermost part of the mount” (Exodus 19:17). Rabbi Avdimi bar Ḥama bar Ḥasa said: the Jewish people actually stood beneath the mountain, and the verse teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, overturned the mountain above the Jews like a tub, and said to them: If you accept the Torah, excellent, and if not, there will be your burial. Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said: From here there is a substantial caveat to the obligation to fulfill the Torah. The Jewish people can claim that they were coerced into accepting the Torah, and it is therefore not binding. Rava said: Even so, they again accepted it willingly in the time of Ahasuerus, as it is written: “The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all such as joined themselves unto them” (Esther 9:27), and he taught: The Jews ordained what they had already taken upon themselves through coercion at Sinai.

Source 7 · Rishonim
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Rashi's Commentary on Genesis

Rashi on Genesis 26:5

Rashi explains that Abraham kept the entire Torah, including rabbinic commandments, before it was given.

וישמר משמרתי. גְּזֵרוֹת לְהַרְחָקָה עַל הָאַזְהָרוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, כְּגוֹן שְׁנִיּוֹת לָעֲרָיוֹת וּשְׁבוּת לַשַּׁבָּת (יבמות כ"א): מצותי. דְּבָרִים שֶׁאִלּוּ לֹא נִכְתְּבוּ רְאוּיִן הֵם לְהִצְטַוּוֹת, כְּגוֹן גֶּזֶל וּשְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים: חקותי. דְּבָרִים שֶׁיֵּצֶר הָרָע וְאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מְשִׁיבִין עֲלֵיהֶם, כְּגוֹן אֲכִילַת חֲזִיר וּלְבִישַׁת שַׁעַטְנֵז, שֶׁאֵין טַעַם בַּדָּבָר, אֶלָּא גְּזֵרַת הַמֶּלֶךְ וְחֻקּוֹתָיו עַל עֲבָדָיו: ותורתי. לְהָבִיא תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי (בראשית רבה):

וישמר משמרתי AND KEPT MY CHARGE — This refers to precautionary measures which are intended to make us avoid the infringement of Biblical prohibitions: such are the Rabbinical inhibition of marriage between relatives in the second degree and the Rabbinical regulations regarding not doing certain acts on the Sabbath (cf. Yevamot 21a). מצותי MY COMMANDMENTS — those matters which, had they not been written in the Torah, we would nevertheless hold that they are fitting matters to be the subject of a commandment, such as robbery and murder (cf. Yoma 67b). חקותי MY ORDINANCES — matters which our evil inclination and the heathen nations argue against the necessity of prohibiting, such as the eating of swine’s flesh and the wearing of garments made of a mixture of wool and linen — things for which there are no apparent reasons but which are the King’s decrees and enactments imposed on His subjects (Yoma 67b). ותורתי AND MY LAWS — The plural serves to include with the written Law also the Oral Law which prescribes commands that are an ancient institution given by God to Moses from Sinai (cf. Genesis Rabbah 64:4).

Source 8 · Rishonim
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Rabbeinu Bahya, Bereshit

Rabbeinu Bahya, Bereshit 26:5:2

The passage discusses two interpretations of Abraham's observance of God's commandments: one understanding it literally as the seven Noahide laws that all humans are obligated to keep, and another rabbinic view that Abraham kept the entire Torah with all 613 commandments before it was given, categorizing these commandments into three types—testimonies (observances), statutes (decrees), and judgments (rational laws)—which correspond to the written and oral Torah.

אבל דעת רז"ל ששמר כל התורה כולה עד שלא נתנה וקיים תרי"ג מצות בשכל, וזהו שאמר מצותי חוקותי ותורותי כי לג' חלקים יתחלקו תרי"ג מצות, והם מצות קלות מקובלות הנקראות עדות, והמצות שהן גזרת המלך ואין לנו בהם טעם והם נקראים חקים, והמצות המושכלות הנקראות משפטים, וזהו לשון הכתוב (דברים ו׳:כ׳) מה העדות והחקים והמשפטים, גם לשון הכתוב בכאן מצותי חקותי ותורתי כי המשפטים נקראים תורה ועוד יכללו תורותי תורה שבכתב ושבעל פה.

The second category is called חוקים. the reason for that word (and two others) appearing in the plural is that it refers to both the written as well as the “oral” Torah.

Source 9 · Rishonim
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Rambam's Commentary on the Mishnah

Rambam on Mishnah Parah 3:5

The Rambam suggests that the Avos observed the Torah voluntarily and through prophecy.

זה שב אל הדבור הנאמר בתחלת זה הפרק אשר אמר ומזין עליו כל שבעת הימים מכל חטאות אשר היו שם ואמר שאם לא יזדמן שיהיה שם שארית אלא מפרה אחת ממנה יזה עליו כל ז' ואמנם הכונה שיזה עליו מכל חטאות שיהיה שם ור"מ לא יחשוב הב' אשר שרף שמעון הצדיק אלא כאחת וכן מן הב' אשר שרף יוחנן כהן גדול וחכמים יחשבום לד' וסבת זה לענין נתחדש בענין שרפתה או לענינים היו באלו הפרות ממה שיחייב זה אצל ר"מ שהם פסולות ולא יחשבם ואצל חכמים כשרה בהיות (שמור) [אפר] כל אח' מהן שמור וכל מה שקרה בהן כפי מה שהתבאר בתוספתא מחדוש ישמעאל בן פיאבי שהוא שרף אח' במעורבי שמש וחשב שהוא כבר הפליג בטהרה ואמר גנאי מעשותה בטבולי יום ואין בזה מחלוקת ואם תעשה במעורבי שמש יהיה יותר גדול ויותר נכבד ועיון אנשי הכנסת על זה ארוך ואחרים אמרו אם מקיימים אנו זאת אנו מוצאים שם רע על הראשונות ויהיו אומרים טמאות היו גזרו עליה ושפכוה וחזרו ועשו אחרת בטבול יום:

Source 10 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Melakhim

Mishneh Torah, Kings and Wars 9:1

Rambam codifies the Noahide laws, noting that the Avos were obligated in these laws as descendants of Noach, and that Avraham added circumcision — implying that their formal obligation was limited prior to Sinai.

וְעַל הַדִּינִים. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכֻּלָּן הֵן קַבָּלָה בְּיָדֵינוּ מִמּשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ. וְהַדַּעַת נוֹטָה לָהֶן.

These matters remained the same throughout the world until Abraham. When Abraham arose, in addition to these, he was commanded regarding circumcision.

Source 11 · Rishonim
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Netzach Yisrael

Maharal on Netzach Yisrael Chapter 11

Maharal provides an analysis of the concept of the forefathers keeping the Torah and its significance in Jewish thought.

Source 12 · Rishonim
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Ramban on Genesis

Ramban on Genesis 26:5

The passage presents Rashi's interpretation that Abraham observed the commandments, statutes, and teachings of the Torah before it was given, and discusses how the patriarchs kept various Torah laws, though it raises questions about apparent violations by Jacob and other patriarchs that seem to contradict this observance.

וְאִם כֵּן יִהְיֶה כָּל זֶה בָּנוּי עַל דַּעַת שֶׁהָיָה אַבְרָהָם מְקַיֵּם וּמְשַׁמֵּר אֶת הַתּוֹרָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְּנָה. וְכָךְ אָמְרוּ (ב"ר צד ג) בַּפָּסוּק "וַיִּתֵּן לָהֶם יוֹסֵף עֲגָלוֹת" (בראשית מ"ה:כ"א), שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ בְּפָרָשַׁת עֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה, שֶׁהָיָה עוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ אֲבוֹתָיו, וְעַד עַכְשָׁו לֹא נִתְּנָה תּוֹרָה, וַהֲרֵי כָּתוּב "וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי מִצְוֹתַי חֻקּוֹתַי וְתוֹרֹתָי", וְשָׁם אָמְרוּ שֶׁהָיָה מְשַׁמֵּר אֲפִלּוּ דִּקְדּוּקֵי תּוֹרָה וְהָיָה מְלַמֵּד לְבָנָיו וְכוּ'.

My statutes — these are matters against which the evil inclination and the heathen nations argue, such as the prohibitions against eating the swine and the wearing of garments woven of wool and linen, there being no apparent rationale for them except that they are decrees of the King imposed on His subjects. And My laws — the plural is intended to include, [besides the Written Law], the Oral Law as well as those rules given to Moses from Sinai.” [Thus far the words of Rashi.] Now if so, all this interpretation is posited on the opinion that Abraham fulfilled and observed the Torah before it was given on Sinai. This is indeed what the Sages of the Midrash said in connection with the verse, And Joseph gave them ‘agaloth’ (wagons), thereby indicating to his father that when he left him they were studying the section dealing with Eglah Arufah. Thus Joseph occupied himself with Torah just as his fathers did.

Source 13 · Rishonim
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Moreh Nevuchim (Rambam)

Guide for the Perplexed, Part 1 3:41

Rambam explains that the Avos, as individuals living outside the formal covenant of Sinai, followed rational and prophetically-guided practices that anticipated the Torah's laws, though obligatory law only began formally at Sinai.

Source 14 · Acharonim
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Meshech Chochmah

Meshech Chochmah, Genesis 18:19

Explains how the forefathers observed aspects of the Torah through their understanding and connection with divine principles.

Source 15 · Acharonim
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Shenei Luchot HaBerit (Shelah HaKadosh)

Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Torah SheBichtav, Bereishit

The Shelah discusses at length that the Avos kept the entire Torah in a mystical, soul-rooted sense — their actions embodied and 'drew down' the spiritual structure of all 613 commandments before they were formally revealed.

Source 16 · Hasidic
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Noam Elimelech

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Vayera

Discusses the mystical aspects of the forefathers observing the Torah through divine intuition and spiritual insight.

או יאמר "וירא כו'", דהנה כשעלה ברצונו ית' לברוא את העולם להטיב לברואיו, צמצם הקב"ה את עצמו, ולהיכן צמצם את עצמו? שמעתי מפי מורי ז"ל שצמצם עצמו בתוך האותיות התורה שבהם ברא העולם, ואמר שזה הפירוש שאמרו חז"ל "כביכול" ב"ה, ר"ל ע"י כ"ב אתווין יכול הקב"ה להיות בזה העולם, והצדיק העוסק בתורה לשמה בקדושה, הוא ממשיך את הבורא ב"ה ויתעלה בתוך האותיות של התורה כמו בשעת הבריאה. וזהו "וירא אליו ה' באלוני ממרא", הוא לשון אמירה כנ"ל, ו'אילן' הוא התורה, והמצוות הם ענפים, ואמר הכתוב שע"י אמרות הטהורות שעסקו בתורה, המשיך את הבורא אל תוך האותיות, וזהו "באלוני ממרא", ר"ל באילן של אמירותיו נראה ה' אליו.

Or say - "appeared, etc" (Genesis 18:1) that behold, when creating the world arouse in the will of the Exalted, to give good to those created, the Holy Blessed One contracted Godself, and - to where did God contract Godself? I heard from my teacher z"l, that God contracted Godself into the letters of the Torah with whoch God created the world. And he said that this is the explanation for what our sages said 'as if it were possible / KeBeYaCHoL' - meaning, through 22 K"B letters YaCHoL it was possible for the Holy One of Blessing to exist in this world, and the tzadik that engages in Torah for its own sake, that tzadik continues the [presence of the] Blessed Creator and raises inside the letters of the Torah

Source 17 · Hasidic
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Kedushat Levi

Kedushat Levi, Genesis, Lech Lecha 1

Explores how Abraham's actions were in accordance with the Torah and how he performed mitzvot intuitively.

ויאמר ה' אל אברם לך לך (בראשית יב, א). רבים מקשים למה הביא אברהם את שרה לסכנה זו שילך עמה למצרים כיון שלא אמר לו השם יתברך. והנראה מה שהשם יתברך אמר לאברהם אל הארץ אשר אראך, אמר לו שלזה הארץ אשר יהיה הסבה שילך ילך שם. והנה אברהם כאשר בא לארץ ישראל והיה שם הרעב ראה כי כן הסיבה מן השם יתברך שלא יהיו כאן. וזהו ויהי רעב בארץ וירד אברם מצרימה כי כבד הרעב בארץ, בזה ראה כי כן הסבה שלא ישאר כאן רק ילך לארץ אחרת ונמצא זה הוא מן ה' שילך אל ארץ אשר יהיה שם הרצון מן ה':

Genesis 6,9.‎ “The Lord said to Avram: ‘go for ‎yourself,’ etc.” Many commentators ask why Avram endangered ‎Sarai by taking her with him to Egypt, seeing that G’d had not ‎given any instruction for either him or his wife to go to Egypt? ‎The answer may be in the words: ‎אל הארץ אשר אראך‎, “to the land ‎that I will show you.” By being vague about Avram’s destination, ‎and not naming the country G’d may have hinted that Avram ‎should move to any country which circumstances would indicate ‎as a suitable destination for him. Hence, when he came to Eretz ‎Yisrael and shortly thereafter a famine struck that land, he ‎reasoned that it was time for him to move further south, to ‎Egypt where there was no famine. This is the meaning of 12,10 ‎ויהי רעב בארץ וירד אברם מצרימה כי כבד הרעב בארץ‎, “It was that when ‎a famine broke out in the land, Avram descended to Egypt as the ‎famine in the land was severe.” He took the outbreak of the ‎famine as a sign from G’d not to remain in the land of Canaan, but ‎to move on. He was convinced that he acted in accordance with ‎G’d’s wishes.‎

Source 18 · Hasidic
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Tanya

Tanya, Part IV; Iggeret HaKodesh.23:5

The Tanya discusses the spiritual aspect of the Torah observance by the forefathers and how they connected to the commands spiritually.

אֲבָל הַהַשְׁרָאָה – הִיא הֶאָרָה עֲצוּמָה מֵאוֹר ה׳ הַמֵּאִיר בָּהּ בְּלִי גְבוּל וְתַכְלִית, וְאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּנֶפֶשׁ גְּבוּלִית, כִּי אִם מַקִּיף עָלֶיהָ מִלְמַעְלָה – מֵרֹאשָׁהּ וְעַד רַגְלָהּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: ״אַכָּל בֵּי עֲשָׂרָה שְׁכִינְתָּא שַׁרְיָא״, כְּלוֹמַר – עֲלֵיהֶם מִלְמַעְלָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ״וִיהִי נוֹעַם ה׳ עָלֵינוּ, וּמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵינוּ כּוֹנְנָה עָלֵינוּ״, כְּלוֹמַר, כִּי ״נוֹעַם ה׳״ אֲשֶׁר הוֹפִיעַ בְּ״מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵינוּ״, בְּעֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה וְהַמִּצְוֹת, דְּ״אוֹרַיְיתָא וְקוּדְשָׁא־בְּרִיךְ־הוּא כּוּלָּא חַד״ – יִתְכּוֹנֵן וְיִשְׁרֶה עָלֵינוּ מִלְמַעְלָה, לִהְיוֹתוֹ בְּלִי גְבוּל וְתַכְלִית וְאֵינוֹ מִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּנַפְשֵׁנוּ וְשִׂכְלֵנוּ.

The indwelling (hashraah), however, is an immense radiation from the light of G–d that radiates in (the soul) without limit and end. It cannot become vested in a finite soul, but encompasses it from above, from “its head to its foot,” as our Sages, of blessed memory, said: “The Shechinah hovers over every gathering often,” i.e., over them, from above. Thus it is written: “May the pleasantness of the L–rd our G–d be upon us, and the work of our hands establish upon us.” This is to say that the pleasantness of the L–rd which shone forth through the work of our hands in the occupation with Torah and the commandments [for “The Torah and the Holy One, blessed is He, are entirely one”] become established and “dwell upon us from above,” for it is without limit and end and does not become vested in our soul and intellect.

Source 19 · Hasidic
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Toldot Yaakov Yosef

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Lech Lecha

The Toldot Yaakov Yosef (disciple of the Baal Shem Tov) teaches that the Avos' observance of the Torah was on the level of the soul of the Torah (pnimiyut), not merely its outer legal garments — they accessed the divine light within the commandments directly.

עוד י"ל, ונבאר משנה פ"ה דאבות (מ"ג), עשרה נסיונות נתנסה אברהם אבינו ועמד בכולם, להודיע כמה חיבתו של אברהם אבינו. ויש להבין מה תועלת הי' בנסיונות אלו. וגם במעלות העשר לא פחות ולא יותר.

Source 20 · Hasidic
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Noam Elimelech

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Lech Lecha

The Noam Elimelech explains that the Avos fulfilled the Torah through their holy deeds and attributes (middot), which were the root and source of all mitzvot, and that their service was on a higher plane than formal commandment.

ונראה לפרש, דמתחילה היה לו מדריגה גדולה בעולם העליון הנקרא 'עץ החיים', ומזה הטעם ציוהו השי"ת שמעץ החיים יאכל, כדי שישאר בקדושתו לעולם, ומעץ הדעת טו"ר נצטווה שלא יאכל, שהם עולמות התחתונים כדי שלא יתגשם, ואח"כ כשאכל מעץ הדעת טו"ר נפל ממדריגה העליונה ונתגשם, לכן ציווהו השי"ת שלא יאכל מעץ החיים, שכיון שכבר נתגשם והיה בהם טו"ר, ואין ראוי לנגוע בעץ החיים עד שיעלה ממדריגה תחתונה לעליונה בהדרגה והיוצא מזה שאחר חטא אדם הראשון צריך האדם לעבוד להשי"ת בהדרגה, ממדריגה תחתונה לעליונה.

Or one can say "go for yourself" - it seems to me [we can understand this] through the way of a hint: a person needs to research, and search, and seek, always in order to see the greatness of God in every thing that their eyes see, and through this they will merit that the Holy Blessed One will give them intelligence and understanding to succeed and comprehend the upper worlds. And the way to reach this level of being able to observe the greatness of God is to fix one's traits first and foremost, since the Exalted Holy Blessed Name created the human with all sorts of traits, and each and every single trait has a side and a piece that is towards holiness, and also towards the opposite, God forbid, as known.

Source 21 · Hasidic
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Shem MiShmuel

Shem MiShmuel, Parshat Toldot

Shem MiShmuel examines how the forefathers prepared the world for the reception of the Torah at Sinai by observing its principles.