Machshavaמחשבה

Torah Study for Its Own Sake: Lishmah

These sources define lishmah (Torah study for its own sake) as studying with pure intention—motivated by love of God and desire to know His will rather than seeking honor or material reward. The sources trace this ideal from Talmudic teachings through medieval and Hasidic commentators, exploring how even preliminary study not for its own sake can eventually lead to authentic lishmah.

כָּל הָעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה לִשְׁמָהּ זוֹכֶה לִדְבָרִים הַרְבֵּה

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Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

Pirkei Avot

Pirkei Avot 6:1

One who studies Torah lishmah merits many things — the world was created for his sake, he is called beloved, he loves God and creation, Torah clothes him in humility and fear, and he becomes a flowing spring of wisdom. This is a foundational Talmudic description of the ideal of Torah study for its own sake.

רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר כָּל הָעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה לִשְׁמָהּ, זוֹכֶה לִדְבָרִים הַרְבֵּה.

Rabbi Meir said: Whoever occupies himself with the Torah for its own sake, merits many things; not only that but he is worth the whole world.

Source 2 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli, Nedarim

Nedarim 62a

The Talmud warns against studying Torah she-lo lishmah (not for its own sake) for ulterior motives such as personal honor or monetary gain, and yet also teaches that one should always engage in Torah even not for its own sake, since through this one will come to study it for its own sake (mitoch shelo lishmah ba lishmah).

תַּנְיָא: ״לְאַהֲבָה אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִשְׁמוֹעַ בְּקֹלוֹ וּלְדׇבְקָה בוֹ״, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר אָדָם: אֶקְרָא שֶׁיִּקְרָאוּנִי ״חָכָם״, אֶשְׁנֶה שֶׁיִּקְרָאוּנִי ״רַבִּי״, אֲשַׁנֵּן שֶׁאֶהְיֶה זָקֵן וְאֵשֵׁב בִּישִׁיבָה. אֶלָּא לְמַד מֵאַהֲבָה, וְסוֹף הַכָּבוֹד לָבֹא. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״קׇשְׁרֵם עַל אֶצְבְּעֹתֶיךָ כׇּתְבֵם עַל לוּחַ לִבֶּךָ״. וְאוֹמֵר: ״דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי נוֹעַם״, וְאוֹמֵר: ״עֵץ חַיִּים הִיא לַמַּחֲזִיקִים בָּהּ וְתֹמְכֶיהָ מְאֻשָּׁר״.

Apropos the story of Rabbi Tarfon’s regret for gaining personal benefit from his status as a Torah scholar, the Gemara cites similar teachings. It is taught in a baraita: The verse states: “To love the Lord your God, to listen to His voice, and to cleave to Him” (Deuteronomy 30:20). This verse indicates that a person should not say: I will read the written Torah so that they will call me a Sage; I will study Mishna so that they will call me Rabbi; I will review my studies so that I will be an Elder and will sit in the academy. Rather, learn out of love, as the verse states: “To love the Lord your God.” And the honor will eventually come of its own accord, as it is stated: “Bind them upon your fingers; write them on the tablet of your heart” (Proverbs 7:3), and it states: “Its ways are ways of pleasantness, and all its paths are peace” (Proverbs 3:17), and it states: “It is a tree of life to those who grasp it; happy is everyone who holds it fast” (Proverbs 3:17). Consequently, one who studies in order to master Torah for its own sake, as reflected in the verse “bind them upon your fingers,” will eventually merit pleasantness, peace, and happiness.

Source 3 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli, Sanhedrin

Sanhedrin 99b

The Gemara discusses one who studies Torah lo lishmah — not for its own sake — and expounds on the ideal of studying Torah as a command and for the sake of Heaven, contrasting it with one who treats Torah as a mere tool or trades on it.

אָמַר רַבִּי אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִי: כׇּל הָעוֹסֵק בְּתוֹרָה לִשְׁמָהּ מֵשִׂים שָׁלוֹם בְּפָמַלְיָא שֶׁל מַעְלָה וּבְפָמַלְיָא שֶׁל מַטָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אוֹ יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם לִי שָׁלוֹם יַעֲשֶׂה לִּי״. רַב אָמַר: כְּאִילּוּ בָּנָה פַּלְטֵרִין שֶׁל מַעְלָה וְשֶׁל מַטָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וָאָשִׂים דְּבָרַי בְּפִיךָ וּבְצֵל יָדִי כִּסִּיתִיךָ לִנְטֹעַ שָׁמַיִם וְלִיסֹד אָרֶץ״. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: אַף מֵגֵין עַל כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּבְצֵל יָדִי כִּסִּיתִיךָ״. וְלֵוִי אָמַר: אַף מְקָרֵב אֶת הַגְּאוּלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְלֵאמֹר לְצִיּוֹן עַמִּי אָתָּה״.

§ Apropos the significance of Torah study, Rabbi Alexandri says: Anyone who engages in the study of Torah for its own sake introduces peace into the heavenly entourage above and into the earthly entourage below, as it is stated: “Or let him take hold of My stronghold [ma’uzi], that he may make peace with Me; and he shall make peace with Me” (Isaiah 27:5). One who observes the Torah, which is called oz, introduces peace, even before the presence of God, as it were. Rav says: It is as though he built a palace of heaven above and of earth below, as it is stated: “And I have placed My words in your mouth, and I have covered you in the shadow of My hand, to plant the heavens and lay the foundations of the earth, and say to Zion, you are My people” (Isaiah 51:16). One who has the word of God placed in his mouth through Torah study has established heaven and earth. Rabbi Yoḥanan says: One who engages in Torah study also protects the entire world, as it is stated: “And I have covered you in the shadow of My hand.” And Levi says: He also advances the coming of the redemption, as it is stated: “And say to Zion, you are My people.”

Source 4 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Laws of Torah Study

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 3:5

Rambam rules that one should not study Torah in order to receive honor or material reward, but rather one should study for its own sake — out of love for the One who commanded it. He explains that lishmah means studying in order to know and to fulfill the will of God.

לְפִיכָךְ אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים לְעוֹלָם יַעֲסֹק אָדָם בַּתּוֹרָה בֵּין לִשְׁמָהּ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ בָּא לִשְׁמָהּ:

Accordingly, our Sages would say: "A person should always occupy himself in Torah study, whether for God's sake or even if not for God's sake, for from [the study of Torah which] is not carried out for God's sake will come [the study of Torah which] is carried out for God's sake.

Source 5 · Rishonim
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Duties of the Heart (Chovot HaLevavot)

Duties of the Heart, Introduction of the Author

Rabbeinu Bachya emphasizes that inner intention (kavvanah) is the soul of all religious acts, and that Torah study without proper intention of the heart — i.e., not lishmah — is like a body without a soul, missing the essential spiritual dimension.

כְּדִתְנַן אַל תִּהְיוּ כַּעֲבָדִים הַמְּשַׁמְּשִׁים אֶת הָרַב ע״מ לְקַבֵּל פְּרָס אֶלָּא הֱווּ כַּעֲבָדִים הַמְּשַׁמְּשִׁים אֶת הָרַב שֶׁלֹּא ע״מ לְקַבֵּל פְּרָס וִיהִי מוֹרָא שָׁמַיִם עֲלֵיכֶם: וְהַשְּׁעָרִים שֶׁפְּתָחָם הַבּוֹרֵא לָדַעַת תּוֹרָתוֹ וְדָתוֹ הֵם שְׁלֹשָׁה: הָאֶחָד מֵהֶם הַשֵּׂכֶל הַנִּצָּל מִכָּל פֶּגַע. וְהַב׳ סֵפֶר תּוֹרָתוֹ הַנְּתוּנָה לְמֹשֶׁה נְבִיאוֹ (ס״א וְהַב׳ מָה שֶׁהוּא מוּחָשׁ.). וְהַג׳ הַקַּבָּלוֹת שֶׁקִּבַּלְנוּ מִקַּדְמוֹנֵינוּ שֶׁקִּבְּלוּ מִן הַנְּבִיאִים עֲלֵיהֶם הַשָּׁלוֹם.

Our teachers said (Nedarim 62a): "[expounding the verse:] 'to love the L-rd your G-d, to hearken to His voice, and to cleave to Him' [This means] that one should not say, 'I will read Scripture that I may be called a scholar.' I will study [mishna], that I may be called Rabbi, I will study [Talmud], to be an Elder, and sit in the assembly [of elders]; but learn out of love and honor will come in the end.". And "Do [good] deeds for the sake of their Maker, and speak of them [words of torah] for their own sake. Make not of them a crown wherewith to magnify yourself, nor a spade to dig with" (ibid).

Source 6 · Rishonim
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Shemoneh Perakim (Rambam's Introduction to Avot), Chapter 5

Eight Chapters 5

Rambam addresses the proper motivation for serving God and keeping His commandments, arguing that the highest level is acting out of love — not reward or fear — which constitutes the truest form of lishmah in Torah study.

ודע, שזאת המדרגה היא מדרגה עליונה מאד וחמורה, לא ישיגוה אלא מעט מזער ואחר הרגל גדול. וכשיזדמן מציאות האדם שזה ענינו - איני אומר שהוא למטה מן הנביאים. ר"ל: שישמש כוחות נפשו כולם וישים תכליתם - ידיעת השם יתברך לבד. ולא יעשה מעשה קטן או גדול, ולא ידבר דבר - אלא שהפועל ההוא, או הדבר ההוא מביא למעלה, או למה שמביא אל מעלה. והוא יחשוב ויסתכל בכל פועל ותנועה ויראה אם יביא אל התכלית ההיא או לא יביא - ואז יעשהו. וזהו אשר בקש ממנו יתברך שנכון אליו, באמרו: "ואהבת את ד' אלהיך בכל לבבך ובכל נפשך ובכל מאודך" (דברים ו, ה). ר"ל: בכל חלקי נפשך - שתעשה תכלית כל חלק ממנה תכלית אחת והיא: לאהבת השם יתברך. וכבר הזהיר הנביא, ע"ה, על זה גם כן ואמר: "בכל דרכיך דעהו" (משלי ג, ו), ופרשו החכמים, ז"ל, ואמרו: "אפילו לדבר עברה" (ברכות סג, א). ורצונם לומר: שתשים לפועל ההוא תכלית, והיא - האמת, אף על פי שיש בו עברה מצד אחד. וכבר כללו החכמים, ז"ל, זה הענין כולו בקצרה במילות מועטות מורות על זה הענין הוראה שלמה מאד, עד כשאתה תבחן המילות, איך סיפרו זה הענין הגדול והעצום כולו, אשר חיברו בו חיבורים ולא השלימוהו - תדע שנאמר בכוח אלהים בלא ספק, והוא אמרם בצואותיהם: "וכל מעשיך יהיו לשם שמים" (אבות ב, יב). וזהו הענין אשר בארנוהו בזה הפרק. וזהו שיעור מה שראינוהו ראוי לזכרו הנה, לפי זאת ההקדמה.

Know that to live according to this standard is to arrive at a very high degree of perfection, which, in consequence of the difficulty of attainment, only a few, after long and continuous perseverance on the paths of virtue, have succeeded in reaching. If there be found a man who has accomplished this—that is one who exerts all the faculties of his soul, and directs them towards the sole ideal of comprehending God, using all his powers of mind and body, be they great or small, for the attainment of that which leads directly or indirectly to virtue—I would place him in a rank not lower than that of the prophets. Such a man, before he does a single act or deed, considers and reflects whether or not it will bring him to that goal, and if it will, then, and then only, does he do it. Such striving does the Almighty require of us, according to the words, “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might”, that is, with all the faculties of thy soul, each faculty having as its sole ideal the love of God. The prophets, similarly, urge us on in saying, “In all thy ways know Him”, in commenting upon which the sages said, “even as regards a transgression (of the ritual or ceremonial law),” meaning thereby that thou shouldst set for every action a goal, namely, the truth, even though it be, from a certain point of view, a transgression. The sages of blessed memory, too, have summed up this idea in so few words and so concisely, at the same time elucidating the whole matter with such complete thoroughness, that when one considers the brevity with which they expressed this great and mighty thought in its entirety, about which others have written whole books and yet without adequately explaining it, one truly recognizes that the Rabbis undoubtedly spoke through divine inspiration. This saying is found among their precepts (in this tractate), and is, “Let all thy deeds be done for the sake of God”. This, then, is the thought we have been dwelling upon in the present chapter, and what we have said must be considered sufficient for the needs of this introduction.

Source 7 · Acharonim
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Mesillat Yesharim

Mesillat Yesharim, Introduction

The Ramchal opens by stating that the fundamental duty of a person is to clarify what his obligation is in his world, implying that Torah must be studied for the purpose of knowing and fulfilling one's duties — a form of lishmah oriented toward practical service of God.

הֲרֵי שֶׁהַיִּרְאָה הִיא חָכְמָה וְהִיא לְבַדָּהּ חָכְמָה, וּוַדַּאי שֶׁאֵין נִקְרָא חָכְמָה מָה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ עִיּוּן. אַךְ הָאֱמֶת הִיא, כִּי עִיּוּן גָּדוֹל צָרִיךְ עַל כָּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה לָדַעַת אוֹתָם בֶּאֱמֶת וְלֹא עַל צַד הַדִּמְיוֹן וְהַסְּבָרָה הַכּוֹזֶבֶת, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לִקְנוֹת אוֹתָם וּלְהַשִּׂיגָם. וּמִי שֶׁיִּתְבּוֹנֵן בָּם יִרְאֶה שֶׁאֵין הַחֲסִידוּת תָּלוּי בְּאוֹתָם הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁיַּחְשְׁבוּ הַמִּתְחַסְּדִים הַטִּפְּשִׁים, אֶלָּא בְּדִבְרֵי שְׁלֵמוּת אֲמִתִּי וְחָכְמָה רַבָּה

What will we answer on the day of rebuke if we have been lax in this study, and forsaken that which is so incumbent on us as to be the main thing which the L-rd our G-d requires of us? Is it conceivable for us to exert our minds and labor in logical inquiries which we are not obligated in, in sharp discourses bearing no fruit, and laws which are not relevant to us - and that which is so great a debt to our Creator, we abandon it to habit and surrender it to rote practice?!

Source 8 · Acharonim
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Netivot Olam, Netiv HaTorah

Netivot Olam, Netiv Hatorah 1:1

The Maharal explains that Torah study lishmah means engaging with Torah as an end in itself, not as a means to another goal. He argues that Torah's essence is divine wisdom and that studying it for its own sake connects the person to God's infinite mind.

כי לב האדם שם החיים, והתורה תחזיק לבך ותתן לך חיים, ותשמור מצותי וחיה. כי דברי תורה תומכים ומאשרים כל העולם כולו, ואיך לא יהיו מאשרים ותומכים את האדם עצמו, שהוא עוסק בתורה, והיא עם האדם.

Source 9 · Hasidic
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Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Lech Lecha

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Lech Lecha 1

The Toldot discusses the Baal Shem Tov's teaching that true Torah lishmah is study that is accompanied by cleaving to God (devekut), teaching that the letters of Torah themselves contain divine life-force and studying with this awareness constitutes the deepest form of lishmah.

דכתב הרמב"ם בפ"ו מהלכות דיעות (ה"א) וז"ל: דרך האדם להיות נמשך בדעותיו ובמעשיו אחר חביריו ואנשי מדינתו, לכך צריך להתחבר לצדיקים ולהתרחק מן הרשעים, ואם אנשי מדינתו רעים ילך למדינה (שאנשים) [שאנשיה] צדיקים, ואם כל המדינות וכו' או שאינו יכול ללכת וכו', ישב לבדו, ואם אינם מניחין אותו וכו' ילך למדבר, כמ"ש מי יתנני במדבר מלון אורחים (ירמיה ט, א).

Source 10 · Hasidic
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Kedushat Levi, Bereshit

Kedushat Levi, Genesis, Bereshit 1

Reb Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev interprets Torah lishmah in a Hasidic framework — studying Torah for the sake of God (lishmah = l'shem Heh, for the sake of the Divine Name), meaning that the study should be suffused with love and attachment (devekut) to the Holy One.

אמנם ההתחברות שאנו מחברים היש באין הוא על ידי המצוה ותורה שנקראת והחיות רצוא ושוב (יחזקאל א, יד) וזה שכתב הזוהר כי המצות והתורה הוא סתום ואתגליא כי סתום הוא מרומז לאין ואתגליא מרומז ליש שהוא התחברות יש באין ואין ביש ולכן נקראת מצוה כי מ"צ הוא בא"ת ב"ש י"ה דהיא בחינת האין ואותיות ו"ה של מצוה הוא בחינת יש ולכן אותיות י"ה הוא סתום כי אין הוא סתום.

The first ‎half of the word ‎מצוה‎ being read with the two letters used in reverse order of the aleph ‎‎bet, alludes to the “hidden” part of the universe, the domain exclusive to Divine, abstract ‎forces.

Source 11 · Hasidic
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Tanya, Likutei Amarim Chapter 5

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 5

The Alter Rebbe teaches that when one studies Torah lishmah, one's mind and intellect become enclothed in divine wisdom, achieving a unique form of union (yichud) with God that is unparalleled by any other commandment. Lishmah here means engaging with Torah for the sake of the divine unity it creates.

וְ״לִשְׁמָהּ״, הַיְינוּ כְּדֵי לְקַשֵּׁר נַפְשׁוֹ לַה׳ עַל יְדֵי הַשָּׂגַת הַתּוֹרָה, אִישׁ כְּפִי שִׂכְלוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בִּ״פְרִי עֵץ חַיִּים״.

As for the meaning of “for its own sake,” it is [study with the intent] to attach one’s soul to G–d through the comprehension of the Torah, each one according to his intellect, as explained in Pri Etz Chaim.

Source 12 · Modern
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Nefesh HaChaim, Gate IV

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate IV 1-3

Rav Chaim of Volozhin devotes Gate IV to defining Torah lishmah, arguing that the primary meaning is studying Torah for the sake of Torah itself — for the intrinsic sanctity of the words — and not merely for the sake of acquiring yirat shamayim (fear of Heaven), though that too is a worthy goal.

אבל האמת כי ענין לשמה פירש לשם התורה. והענין כמו שפירש הרא"ש ז"ל על מאמר ר"א בר' צדוק (נדרים נ"א א') עשה דברים לשם פעלן ודבר בהן לשמן. ז"ל עשה דברים לשם פעלן. לשמו של הקב"ה שפעל הכל למענהו. ודבר בהן לשמן. כל דבורך ומשאך בד"ת יהיה לשם התורה כגון לידע ולהבין ולהוסיף לקח ופלפול ולא לקנטר ולהתגאות עכ"ל. אבל על הנהגת האדם בשעת עסק התורה בדיני המצות והלכותיהן אמר ודבר בהן ר"ל הדבור בעניני המצות והלכותיהן. יהיה לשמן. פי' לשם הד"ת היינו לידע ולהבין ולהוסיף לקח ופלפול.

But the truth is that the matter of “for its own sake” means for the sake of the Torah. And the matter is as the Ro”sh (OBM) explained on the statement by Rabbee Elazar b’rebbee Tza-doke (N’darim 62a): “‘Do things for the sake of their Maker’—For the Holy One’s (blessed be He) name, who did all of it for His own sake. ‘And discuss them for their own sake’—All of your discussions and give and take about the words of Torah should be for the Torah’s sake, for example to know and to understand, to increase even more the lessons learned, and to make the effort to have an even deeper understanding, and not to provoke others, nor for egotistical reasons.” This concludes his words. But regarding a person’s behavior at the moment of his involvement with Torah addressing the laws of the commandments and their associated rules, he stated: “and discuss them”, meaning to teach us that the discussion of the matters of the commandments and their associated rules should be for their sake, meaning for the sake of the words of Torah—specifically to know and understand and to increase even more the lessons learned and to make the effort to have an even deeper understanding.

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Ohr Yisrael (Rav Yisrael Salanter)

Ohr Yisrael, Iggeret HaMusar

Rav Yisrael Salanter addresses the meaning of lishmah from a Mussar perspective, arguing that true Torah lishmah must be accompanied by genuine effort to apply the Torah's ethical demands to one's character — study for its own sake means study aimed at transformation of the self.

כֵּן בַּעֲבוֹדַת ה' יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ, עִקַּר הַתַּחְבּוּלָה לְהַחֲזִיק אֶת הַיֵּצֶר טוֹב לְפִי שְׁתֵּי הַשִּׁיטוֹת. הֱיוֹתוֹ כֹּחַ הַקְּדֻשָּׁה וְהַשֵּׂכֶל הַנָּכוֹן (אֲשֶׁר לֹא נִתְקַלְקֵל), וְלִדְחוֹת אֶת הַיֵּצֶר הָרָע הוּא כֹּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה וְהַתַּאֲוָה. תָּלוּי בַּבְּחִינָה הַגּוּפָנִית, לְהַאֲכִילֵהוּ מַאֲכָלִים טוֹבִים, הֵמָּה הִתְבּוֹנְנוּת הַיִּרְאָה וְהַמּוּסָר הַנּוֹבְעִים מֵהַתּוֹרָה הַטְּהוֹרָה: וְהִנֵּה אִם נַשְׁקִיף בְּעַיִן חוֹדֶרֶת נִרְאֶה, כִּי תַּחְבּוּלוֹתֵינוּ לְמֶרְכַּז רְפוּאַת הַיֵּצֶר הָרָע, הֵמָּה רַק בַּבְּחִינָה הַגַּשְׁמִית, הִיא הִתְבּוֹנְנוּת הַיִּרְאָה וְלִמּוּד הַהֲלָכוֹת כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל. כִּי הָרְפוּאָה הַשְּׁנִיָּה, הִיא בְּחִינָה הָרוּחָנִית, בָּאָה מִמֵּילָא, וְעַל כֵּן תִּקָּרֵא רְפוּאָה מִקְרִית, כִּי מִצְוַת לִמּוּד הַתּוֹרָה, הִיא מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, תְּלוּיָה בְּגִדְרָהּ הַמְבֹאָר בְּהִלְכוֹת תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה, אֵיךְ לְהִתְנַהֵג בָּהּ נֶגֶד עִנְיְנֵי הָעוֹלָם, אֵין נַפְקָא מִינָהּ בְּהַנְהָגָתָה, אֵיךְ יִצְרוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם מִתְגַּבֵּר עָלָיו, אִם מְעַט וְאִם הַרְבֵּה, וְהָאָדָם צָרִיךְ לִלְמֹד תָּמִיד לְקַיֵּם מִצְוַת תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה כָּרָאוּי, גַּם אִם אֵין יִצְרוֹ מִתְגַּבֵּר עָלָיו, (עַיֵּן דְּבָרֵינוּ בְּמַאֲמָרֵנוּ הַקּוֹדֵם). וְאֵין בְּיָדוֹ לִלְמֹד יוֹתֵר מֵחִיּוּבוֹ, וּכְשֶׁיְּקַיֵּם מִצְוַת תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה כָּרָאוּי, מִמֵּילָא נִמְשָׁךְ רְפוּאָתָהּ הָרוּחָנִית לְיִצְרוֹ, עַל אֵיזֶה אֹפֶן שֶׁהוּא:

So it is with the service of God, blessed be His name. The main strategy to support the good urge according to both views – that it is the force of sanctity and proper reason (that has not been corrupted) – and to push away the evil urge – the force of impurity and lust – hinges on the physical aspect. It must be fed good foods, namely, contemplation of reverence and Mussar that emanate from the pure Torah. Now, if we look with a penetrating eye, we will see that our strategies focused on remedies against the evil urge are only in the physical dimension, namely, contemplation of reverence and study of halakhot, as mentioned above. For the second type of remedy, the spiritual dimension, emerges of its own accord, and is therefore called a coincidental remedy. For Torah study, a positive mitzva in its own right, hinges on its parameters, as defined by the halakhot of Torah study regarding how to practice it vis-à-vis worldly affairs. There is no difference in the practice [of Torah study] whether a person’s urge overwhelms him a lot or a little; a person must study constantly in order to fulfill the mitzva of Torah study properly, even if his urge is not overwhelming (see our preceding essay). And [even if his evil urge is overwhelming], he is not required to learn more than his obligation. When he upholds the mitzva of learning Torah properly, its spiritual remedies are extended, as a matter of consequence, to his urge, somehow.