Machshavaמחשבה

Major Themes in the Ohr HaChaim

The Ohr HaChaim explores foundational theological and ethical themes across the Torah, including the nature of divine protection and Israel's special relationship with God, the accessibility and fulfillment of divine commandments, the connection between blessing and divine providence, and the role of sanctification and obedience in securing God's care. The work demonstrates how textual details reveal deeper layers of meaning about God's character and humanity's spiritual obligations.

כִּי אֲנִי ה׳ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם

11 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

A central preoccupation of the Ohr HaChaim is the absolute unity and exclusive sovereignty of God: the Or HaChaim (Devarim 6:4) explains that the doubled divine name in the Shema expresses two distinct levels of faith — that Israel chooses God as their God even hypothetically among multiple powers, and that they affirm He is the only independent power in existence.

Closely linked is the theme of Israel's unique covenantal calling to holiness, which carries practical obligations: the Or HaChaim (Vayikra 11:44) argues that God describes Himself as 'the Lord your God' exclusively in relation to Israel, and that when Israel strives toward holiness, God reciprocally guards them from contaminating influences entering their bodies.

The accessibility and practicability of Torah observance is another recurring concern, as the Or HaChaim (Devarim 30:11) identifies two barriers to Torah fulfillment — ignorance of its content and the difficulty of keeping its commandments — and insists that Moses's teaching dismantled both, leaving Torah fully within human reach.

Joy and wholeness in divine service emerge as a related motif: the Or HaChaim (Devarim 7:12) draws on the midrashic reading that the word וְהָיָה signals joy, teaching that genuine simcha is only available to one who has fulfilled all positive and negative commandments, while any sense of deficit should preclude self-congratulatory celebration.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Free Will and the Power of Human Choice

Deuteronomy 30:19

The Ohr HaChaim's commentary on 'I have set before you life and death' presents a rich treatment of free will (bechirah), one of his central themes: that God gives humans genuine moral agency, and every moment of choice carries cosmic weight.

הַעִדֹ֨תִי בָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֒רֶץ֒ הַחַיִּ֤ים וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בַּחַיִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן תִּֽחְיֶ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה וְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃

I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day: I have put before you life and death, blessing and curse. Choose life—if you and your offspring would live—

Source 2 · Acharonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Exodus

Or HaChaim on Exodus 14:10

The passage examines textual difficulties in the account of Pharaoh's pursuit of the Israelites, explaining that the Egyptians pursued Israel because their heavenly guardian angel accompanied them, just as a national guardian typically helps his people in battle.

אָכֵן יִתְבָּאֵר עַל פִּי דִּבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שמות רבה כא,ה) שֶׁאָמְרוּ וְזֶה לְשׁוֹנָם: ״וּמִצְרַיִם נוֹסֵעַ אַחֲרֵיהֶם״ – זֶה שַׂר שֶׁל מִצְרַיִם, מִצְרַיִם שְׁמוֹ, עַד כָּאן לְשׁוֹנָם. וְהִנֵּה הַמַּלְאָךְ הַלָּז בָּא עִמָּהֶם, כִּי כֵן הוּא הַנָּהוּג שֶׁהַשַּׂר יַעֲזֹר לְאֻמָּתוֹ וְיִפּוֹל בִּנְפִילָתָהּ, וְצֵא וּלְמַד מִמַּעֲשֵׂה אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרוּס מוּקְדוֹן (יומא סט:) שֶׁהָיָה נִדְמֶה לוֹ שָׂרוֹ בַּמִּלְחָמוֹת. וְהִנֵּה מִן הַסְּתָם כִּי הַשַּׂר יִהְיֶה עוֹמֵד לִימִין הַמֶּלֶךְ, לֹא לִפְנֵי הָעָם, וְהִנֵּה מִסֵּדֶר הָרָגִיל בַּמִּלְחָמוֹת שֶׁהַמֶּלֶךְ בֵּינֵיהֶם – שֶׁהָעָם יַקְדִּימוּ קֹדֶם לַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַמֶּלֶךְ לְבַסּוֹף מֵהָעָם. וְכָאן הוֹדִיעַ הַכָּתוּב הַדָּבָר שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ בָּאָה הַהַרְגָּשָׁה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִירֹא וּלְפַחֵד, הֲגַם שֶׁקָּדַם לָהֶם מַה שֶׁקָּדַם מֵהַיְדִיעָה, וְאָמַר וּפַרְעֹה הִקְרִיב, פֵּרוּשׁ, לֹא עָשָׂה סֵדֶר הָרָגִיל לְהַקְדִּים הָעָם אֶלָּא הִקְרִיב עַצְמוֹ קֹדֶם לָעָם. וַיִּשְׂאוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת עֵינֵיהֶם וְהִנֵּה מִצְרַיִם, פֵּרוּשׁ, שַׂר שֶׁל מִצְרַיִם כַּנִּזְכָּר. פֵּרוּשׁ, לְצַד שֶׁפַּרְעֹה הִקְרִיב וְהַשַּׂר הָיָה לְפָנָיו עוֹמֵד, זֶה הָיָה סִבָּה לִרְאוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַשַּׂר שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ מִצְרַיִם נוֹסֵעַ וְגוֹ׳, וְהֵם לֹא יוּכְלוּ דַּעַת סִבַּת הַשַּׂר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ כַּנָּהוּג, כִּי אֵין מִנְהַג הַמֶּלֶךְ לְהַקְדִּים לַמַּחֲנֶה, וְהֵם רָאוּ הַשַּׂר נוֹסֵעַ אַחֲרֵיהֶם, פֵּרוּשׁ, קֹדֶם הַמַּחֲנֶה. לָזֶה רָעֲשׁוּ כִּי חָשְׁבוּ כִּי שָׂרֵי מַעְלָה בָּאוּ לַעֲרֹךְ עִמָּם מִלְחָמָה, וַהֲגַם שֶׁקָּדַם לָהֶם מַה שֶׁקָּדַם לֹא הִסְפִּיק לָהֶם כְּשֶׁרָאוּ מַלְאָכִים בָּאוּ לְהִלָּחֵם עִמָּהֶם, כִּי הוּא אוֹת כִּי ה׳ חָזַר מִמַּחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ הַטּוֹבָה, כִּי זוּלַת זֶה לֹא הָיָה מַסְכִּים עַל מַלְאָכוֹ לָבֹא כְּנֶגְדָּם, וְלָזֶה צָעֲקוּ וְגוֹ׳. וְאִלּוּ לֹא הָיָה פַּרְעֹה מַקְדִּים, אוֹ אִם הָיָה סֵדֶר הָרָגִיל שֶׁיַּקְדִּים הַמֶּלֶךְ, הֵם הָיוּ תּוֹלִים הַדָּבָר כִּי לֹא לְמִלְחָמָה בָּא אֶלָּא לַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ כְּחֹק שָׂרֵי מַעְלָה עִם כָּל מְלָכִים אֲשֶׁר הֵם מְמֻנִּים עֲלֵיהֶם, וְלֹא הָיוּ מְפַחֲדִים. וּבָזֶה נִתְיַשֵּׁב הָעִנְיָן וְיִשּׁוּב הַכְּתוּבִים. וְטַעַם שֶׁלֹּא מָנַע ה׳ הַמַּלְאָךְ מִבֹּא, לִשְׁנֵי טְעָמִים: הָאֶחָד, כְּדֵי לְהָרְגוֹ לִפְנֵיהֶם, כְּאָמְרוֹ ״וַיַּרְא יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת מִצְרַיִם מֵת עַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם״, וְאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (זהר ח״ב נב:) שֶׁיְּכַוֵּן עַל הַשַּׂר שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ מִצְרַיִם. וְטַעַם שֵׁנִי, אֱלֹהִים חֲשָׁבָהּ לְטוֹבָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְחֲדוּ וְיַחְזְרוּ בִּתְשׁוּבָה שְׁלֵמָה וִיקָרְבוּ לִבָּם לַשָּׁמַיִם, כְּדֵי שֶׁבְּאֶמְצָעוּת זֶה יַעֲשֶׂה ה׳ לָהֶם הַנֵּס הֶעָצוּם שֶׁל קְרִיעַת יַם סוּף, וְדָבָר זֶה לֹא הֻבְטְחוּ בּוֹ קוֹדֶם. וְתִמְצָא שֶׁדָּרְשׁוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שמות רבה כא,ה) בְּתֵבַת ״הִקְרִיב״ וְלֹא אָמַר ״קָרַב״, יִרְצֶה שֶׁהִקְרִיב לִבָּן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל לַאֲבִיהֶם שֶׁבַּשָּׁמַיִם, וְכֵן הָיָה דִּכְתִיב וַיִּצְעֲקוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל ה׳:

We must fall back on what our sages have taught as described in Shemot Rabbah 21,5 that when the Israelites noticed Pharaoh pursuing them they naturally turned their eyes heavenwards expecting G'd to manifest Himself and to smite the Egyptians. Imagine the Israelites' surprise when what they saw was the guardian angel of Egypt whose name is Mitzrayim flying through the air. It was then that they became afraid as they realised that this angel had now come out in order to help his protegees, the Egyptians. It is an accepted theory that the fortunes of these guardian angels are bound up with their charges. When the protegees of such guardian angels suffer a defeat so does the guardian angel himself. [In fact according to the Kabbalists when G'd wants to destroy a people, He first destroys their guardian angel. After that, even if the people appear still to be going strong, their fate has already been sealed. Ed.] We are told in Yuma 69 that Alexander the Great was in the habit of observing the guardian angel of Macedonia at work whenever he went into battle. It is customary for a minister to take up position on the right side of the king and not in front of the people. Normally, a king who travels into battle with his troops takes up his position behind the infantry. In this instance the Israelites had the impression that the guardian angel of Egypt was still going strong, far from being the first one to be defeated by G'd. The Torah also describes Pharaoh הקריב, as coming close, i.e. travelling ahead of his troops not behind them. The reason the Israelites were able to see the guardian angel of Egypt at all was because the guardian angel was positioned next to the king who travelled ahead of his troops. This unusual spectacle frightened the Israelites. They believed that celestial forces were now arraigned against them. In view of all this, the fact that G'd had told them that the Egyptians would pursue them and He would deal harshly with Pharaoh was no longer enough for the people to keep their cool. There were two reasons why G'd had not interfered with the guardian angel at that time. 1) G'd was looking for a legal excuse to kill that guardian angel. The Zohar, section two, page 52 interprets 14,30 "Israel saw Mitzrayim dead on the beaches of the sea," as a reference to the guardian angel of Egypt. The second reason G'd allowed the guardian angel of Egypt to adopt such a visibly threatening posture was for Israel's benefit. G'd wanted Israel to do תשובה, to repent. They needed to acquire the merit of repentance in order to justify that G'd should perform the great miracle of splitting the Sea of Reeds on their behalf. This was something G'd had not promised them previously. Shemot Rabbah 21,5 also points out that the unusual form (causative) ופרעה הקריב "and Pharaoh caused himself to come close," instead of the usual ופרעה קרב, "and Pharaoh approached," is a clear indication of G'd's purpose being to cause the Israelites to do תשובה. In the event, G'd's expectations were fulfilled as the Torah reports that "the children of Israel cried out to G'd" (14,10).

Source 3 · Acharonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy

Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 30:11

The passage explains that the Torah's commandments are not distant or inaccessible because Moses brought them down from heaven, and the Israelites were able to cross the Jordan River to enter the land and fulfill the commandments that depend on being in the land.

וְאוּלַי שֶׁיְּכַוֵּן הַכָּתוּב לִשְׁנֵי פְּרָטֵי הַמְּנִיעָה: אֶחָד מִצַּד הַשָּׂגַת יְדִיעַת הַתּוֹרָה עַצְמָהּ, וּשְׁנִיָּה מִצַּד קִיּוּם מִצְוֹתֶיהָ. כְּנֶגֶד מְנִיעַת יְדִיעַת הַתּוֹרָה אָמַר ״לֹא נִפְלֵאת הִיא״ וְגוֹ׳, וְחָזַר וּפֵרֵשׁ מַה הִיא הַהַפְלָאָה וְאָמַר ״לֹא בַשָּׁמַיִם״ וְגוֹ׳, כְּנֶגֶד הֶעְדֵּר הַשָּׂגָתָהּ אָמַר ״לֹא בַשָּׁמַיִם הִיא״ וְגוֹ׳ כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיְתָה בַּתְּחִלָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי מֹשֶׁה עָלָה בַשָּׁמַיִם וּלְקָחָהּ לָנוּ, וְהִנֵּה הִיא לְפָנֵינוּ. וּכְנֶגֶד מְנִיעַת הַשָּׂגַת קִיּוּם מִצְוֹתֶיהָ אָמַר ״וְלֹא רְחֹקָה״, וְחָזַר וּפֵרֵשׁ מַה הוּא הָרִחוּק, וְאָמַר ״וְלֹא מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם הִיא לֵאמֹר״ וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאֵרַע לְמֹשֶׁה שֶׁהֲגַם שֶׁעָלָה שָׁמַיִם וְהוֹרִיד הַתּוֹרָה, נִמְנְעוּ מִמֶּנּוּ הַשָּׂגַת קִיּוּם מִצְוֹתֶיהָ הַתְּלוּיוֹת בָּאָרֶץ, שֶׁהֵם כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה כִּמְעַט רוּבֵּי תּוֹרָה, מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן הֵם שֶׁהִשִּׂיגוּ לַעֲבֹר הַיָּם לָבֹא אֶל הָאָרֶץ לְקַיֵּם מִצְוֹתֶיהָ.

Perhaps the Torah refers to two factors which contribute to failure of Torah observance by the people. 1) Ignorance of what is written in the Torah. 2) The difficulty in keeping the commandments. Moses told the people that although prior to his going up on Mount Sinai the Torah had indeed been in the heavens it was no longer in heaven but accessible to all. He told the people that it was not in a distant land or across the sea, i.e. that although he personally had not been favoured by G'd to keep these commandments on holy soil, they would be more fortunate. When Moses asked the rhetorical question: "it is not across the ocean so that you would have to ask who would cross the ocean to get the Torah for you," he lamented his own inability to even cross the Jordan to be able to keep the Torah commandments applicable on the other bank. He portrayed the Jordan as an insurmountable obstacle for him, much like crossing an ocean.

Source 4 · Acharonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Leviticus

Or HaChaim on Leviticus 25:19

The passage explains that the earth's produce is limited to its natural capacity, that satiety from eating the fruit is promised as a divine blessing beyond nature, and that security is promised both regarding the land itself and regarding its fruits.

וְנָתְנָה הָאָרֶץ פִּרְיָהּ. פֵּרוּשׁ פְּרִי הַקָּצוּב בְּכֹחָהּ לַעֲשׂוֹת, שֶׁהֲגַם שֶׁנִּרְאֶה פְּרִי הָאָרֶץ לֹא נְשַׁעֵר כִּי זֶה הוּא כֹּחַ הָאָרֶץ וְלֹא יוֹתֵר, שֶׁהֲלֹא תִּמְצָא (כתובות קיב.) שֶׁגָּעַר הֶחָכָם בָּאָרֶץ וְעָצְרָה כֹּחָהּ וְלֹא נָתְנָה פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ אַחַר כָּךְ כַּסֵּדֶר הָרִאשׁוֹן, וְהָרוֹאֶה פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ אַחַר גַּעֲרָתוֹ לֹא קוֹדֶם יַחְשׁוֹב כִּי הוּא זֶה כֹּחָהּ. וַאֲכַלְתֶּם לָשֹׂבַע. אוּלַי כִּי לְצַד שֶׁאָמַר ״וְנָתְנָה הָאָרֶץ פִּרְיָהּ״ שֶׁהוּא בִּגְבוּל הָאַחֲרוֹן בְּשׁוֹמֶן הַפֵּרוֹת וְטַעַם הַפֵּרוֹת, לְצַד זֶה אֵין אָדָם יָכוֹל לֶאֱכוֹל מֵהֶם כְּדֵי שְׂבִיעָה, וְזֶה הוּא מִדְּבָרִים הַנִּרְגָּשִׁים כְּפִי הַטֶּבַע, לָזֶה הִבְטִיחָם ה׳ כִּי יִהְיוּ הַפֵּרוֹת בְּאֹפֶן שֶׁיֹּאכְלוּ מֵהֶם לָשֹׂבַע. וִישַׁבְתֶּם לָבֶטַח וְגוֹ׳. וַהֲגַם שֶׁכְּבָר אָמַר בַּפָּסוּק שֶׁלִּפְנֵי זֶה ״וִישַׁבְתֶּם עַל הָאָרֶץ לָבֶטַח״, חָזַר לוֹמַר כֵּן, לְהַבְטִיחַ שֶׁלֹּא יְסוֹבֵב הַפְלָגַת שֶׁבַח הַפֵּרוֹת לָבֹא עֲלֵיהֶם שׁוֹדֵד. וְלָזֶה דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר בְּפָסוּק רִאשׁוֹן ״וִישַׁבְתֶּם עַל הָאָרֶץ״, לוֹמַר שֶׁהַבְטָחָה זוֹ הִיא עַל חִמּוּד הָאָרֶץ, וְהַבְטָחָה שְׁנִיָּה עַל חִמּוּד פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ, וּבָזֶה נִמְצְאוּ בְּטוּחִים עַל הָאָרֶץ וְעַל פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ.

ונתנה הארץ פריה, "And the earth shall yield her fruit, etc." The meaning of "her fruit" is that which corresponds to the potential it has been endowed with. When we observe the earth producing fruit this does not prove that the amount of fruit we observe the earth produce is equivalent to the amount the earth is capable of producing. We find in Ketuvot 112 that a certain sage was angry at the earth and decreed that it be prevented from yielding its fruit. As a result of this curse the earth produced far less than previously. If someone had not seen the amount of fruit that piece of earth produced before the sage cursed it, he would have thought that the amount it produced subsequently was the maximum it was capable of producing. ואכלתם לשבע, "and you will eat to your satisfaction, etc." Perhaps the Torah had to emphasise this as we could have thought that if the earth were to produce fruit according to its full potential the excess fat of the produce would be so filling that one could not eat one's fill, i.e. לשבע. The Torah therefore reassures us that we will be able to enjoy such fruit to the full. וישבתם לבטח עליה. "and you will dwell on it in safety." Although the Torah had already written in verse 18 that we would dwell in the land in safety as a result of performing G'd's comandments, the Torah repeats this promise to assure us that the excellence of the land's produce will not attract raiders bent on stealing our harvests. This verse contains G'd's promise that neighbouring countries would not attack us out of greed for our excellent land.

Source 5 · Acharonim
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Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy

Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 6:4

The passage explains that the double statement of God's name in "Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One" expresses two distinct reasons for serving God: first, that we accept His divinity because He is good and beneficial to us, and second, that He is unique with no other god in the world, with either reason alone being sufficient to obligate us to serve Him.

שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם כֶּפֶל ה׳ שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לוֹמַר עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ ״ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֶחָד״, נִתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁתֵּי הַדְרָגוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַה׳, הָאַחַת שֶׁהוּא אֱלֹהֵינוּ, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה שֶׁהוּא אֶחָד. וְהַכַּוָּנָה בָּזֶה כִּי אָנוּ מְקַבְּלִין אֱלֹהוּתוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ עָלֵינוּ לְמַה שֶּׁמִּמֶּנּוּ, הֲגַם שֶׁאִלּוּ הָיָה בַּמְּצִיאוּת שֶׁהָיוּ אֱלֹהוֹת הַרְבֵּה אֵין אָנוּ בּוֹחֲרִים אֶלָּא בְּשֵׁם זֶה הוי״ה הוּא אֱלֹהֵינוּ, וּבָזֶה נִכְלָל כַּמָּה פְּרָטִים: א׳ אַהֲבַת הַטּוֹב, אַהֲבַת הַמּוֹעִיל, אַהֲבַת הֶעָרֵב. וְעוֹד לוֹ שֶׁהוּא אֶחָד וְאֵין זוּלָתוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ בָּעוֹלָם, וְטַעַם זֶה גַּם כֵּן יַסְפִּיק לְהִתְחַיֵּב לְהִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד לוֹ וּלְמִצְווֹתָיו, הֲגַם שֶׁהָיָה בַּמְּצִיאוּת שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ הַטְּעָמִים שֶׁמִּצִּדָּם בְּחַרְנוּהוּ לֶאֱלוֹהַּ. נִמְצֵינוּ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁבְּאֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי הַטְּעָמִים יַסְפִּיק לְהִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד לְמַאֲמָרָיו וּלְמִצְווֹתָיו, אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן אָמַר ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ ה׳ אֶחָד בִּשְׁתֵּי חֲלוּקּוֹת שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד כְּדַאי לְעַצְמוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה אוֹמֵר הַכָּתוּב ״ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֶחָד״ הָיָה בְּנִשְׁמָע כִּי מַה שֶׁהֵם מְקַבְּלִין אֱלֹהוּתוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם הוּא לֶהֱיוֹתוֹ אֶחָד וְאֵין עוֹד מִלְּבַדּוֹ, יִתְחַיֵּב הָעֶבֶד לַעֲבֹד אֶת רַבּוֹ וְאֵין מָנוֹס מִמֶּנּוּ לִרְצוֹנוֹ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִרְצוֹנוֹ, וְלֹא כֵן אָנוּ עִם אֱלֹהֵינוּ, שֶׁאָנוּ חֲפֵצִים בֶּאֱלֹהוּתוֹ אַהֲבַת הַטּוֹב בְּמַה שֶׁהוּא טוֹב נוֹסָף עַל הֱיוֹתוֹ אֶחָד וּמְיֻחָד:

שמע ישראל ה׳ אלוקינו ה׳ אחד. "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our G'd, The Lord is One." Why did the Torah repeat itself instead of writing ה׳ אלקינו אחד, "the Lord our G'd is One?" The reason is that the Torah [or rather Israel in its declaration of faith, Ed.] referred to two aspects of G'd. 1) He is our G'd; 2) He is One, i.e. unique. This means that we accept G'd as our exclusive G'd even assuming there were more than one G'd in the world. We accept Him as the Tetragram with all that this implies regarding His various attributes. Furthermore, we express our conviction that He is indeed the only G'd, there is no other independent power in the universe. This by itself would be sufficient reason to serve Him even if He did not represent all the virtues we ascribe to Him. In other words, the thrust of this declaration of our accepting the rule of Heaven is that either of the two aspects of G'd, i.e. אלוקינו or אחד is sufficient by itself to establish our relationship with Him. If the Torah had not phrased our declaration of accepting His rule by repeating the word י־ה־ו־ה but had written ה׳ אלוקינו אחד, the implication would have been that the reason we accept G'd is that there is no alternative to Him, He being the only One. In such an event one cannot claim credit for serving the one and only master. By expressing this declaration in the manner recorded in the Torah, Israel makes plain that our acceptance of Him is not one that is due to a lack of choice. We have additional reasons for accepting Him, over and above the fact that He is indeed the only Master.

Source 6 · Acharonim
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Or HaChaim on Leviticus

Or HaChaim on Leviticus 11:44

The passage explains that Israel must separate themselves from impurity because God chose to be called their God, and through their efforts to sanctify themselves and avoid defiling things, God will sanctify them and protect them from harm and foreign domination.

כִּי אֲנִי ה׳ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. פֵּרוּשׁ, וּמְשׁוּנָּה אוּמָּה יִשְׂרְאֵלִית לִקְדוּשָּׁה וְטַהֲרָה, שֶׁלֹּא בָּחַר ה׳ לִקָּרֵא אֱלוֹהַּ אֶלָּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לָזֶה צָרִיךְ לְהַרְחִיק מִן הַטּוּמְאָה. וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם וְגוֹ׳. פֵּירוּשׁ, אִם אַתֶּם מִתְקַדְּשִׁים אֲנִי אֲקַדֵּשׁ אֶתְכֶם לְבַל יִכָּנֵס לְגוּפְכֶם דְּבַר שִׁקּוּץ, עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם (חולין ה.) אֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵבִיא וְכוּ׳, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן צַדִּיקִים עַצְמָן, וְהֶעֱמִידוּ הַתּוֹסָפוֹת מַאֲמָר זֶה בִּדְבַר אִסּוּר הַנִּכְנָס לְגוּפוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, כִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִשְׁמְרֵהוּ בָּזֶה. עוֹד יִרְצֶה וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם – תַּעֲשׂוּ גְּדָרִים וּסְיָגִים לְבַל תִּטַּמְּאוּ, וּבָזֶה אֲנִי מַבְטִיחֲכֶם שֶׁתִּהְיוּ קְדוֹשִׁים. וְחָזַר וּפֵרֵשׁ בְּאֵיזֶה דָּבָר יִהְיוּ קְדוֹשִׁים, וְאָמַר כִּי קָדוֹשׁ אָנִי – הִנֵּה מַה שֶׁתּוֹלֶה טַעַם קְרִיאָתָם קְדוֹשִׁים שֶׁהוּא לְצִדּוֹ, הָא לָמַדְתָּ כִּי הִשְׁרָה שְׁכִינָתוֹ עַל הַפְּרוּשִׁים וְלָזֶה יִקָּרְאוּ עַל שְׁמוֹ. וְאָמְרוֹ וְלֹא תְטַמְּאוּ וְגוֹ׳ – פֵּרוּשׁ מִלְּבַד דְּבָרִים שֶׁאַתָּה מַעֲלֶה עַל דַּעְתְּךָ לִשְׁמֹר עַצְמְךָ מֵהֶם, עוֹד אֲנִי מַבְטִיחֲךָ שֶׁלֹּא יְאֻנֶּה לְךָ כָּל מִין הָרַע, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ ״בְּכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ הָרוֹמֵשׂ״ וְגוֹ׳. עוֹד יִרְמֹז שֶׁבְּאֶמְצָעוּת שְׁמִירַת מִצְוָה זוֹ לֹא יִשְׁלְטוּ עַכּוּ״ם בְּעַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, עַכּוּ״ם יִקָּרְאוּ שְׁרָצִים וּשְׁקָצִים הָרוֹמְשִׂים עַל הָאָרֶץ.

כי אני ה׳ אלוקיכם, "for I am the Lord your G'd." The major difference between Israel and any other nation is that G'd has not described Himself as the "Lord G'd" of any other nation. This obligates us to keep our distance from anything which contaminates us. והתקדשתם והייתם קדושים, "sanctify yourselves and be holy." The meaning of this statement is that if we do our share in trying to deserve the appellation "holy," G'd on His part will bestow such a title upon us by not allowing such contaminating elements to enter our bodies. We have already quoted the Talmud Chulin 4 in which G'd is described as insuring that even the beasts of the righteous do not eat matters unfit for the owner to eat. G'd would certainly protect the צדיק himself against erroneously consuming such matters. Another meaning of the word והתקדשתם is "sanctify yourselves by means of erecting protective legal fences," i.e. rabbinic ordinances designed to reduce the likelihood of contacting and absorbing impure material. G'd tells us that if you do this: "I in turn will help you become holy." The Torah then spells out in what respect you are going to be holy. כי קדוש אני, "for I am holy;" G'd made His presence amongst us dependent on our keeping ourselves apart from contaminating influences. This is why such people are entitled to the same appellation "holy" as is applied to G'd Himself. ולא תטמאו "and you will not become defiled, etc." This is a promise by G'd that if we make every effort not to become contaminated by the שרצים ושקצים swarming detestable things mentioned in this chapter, G'd's appreciation will become manifest in that we will not become the passive victims of other kinds of impurity. Pagans are included in the terminology שרצים ושקצים. G'd promises that if we make every effort not to become contaminated by the swarming or creeping things mentioned in this chapter, He will make sure that we will not be under the dominion of pagans.

Source 7 · Acharonim
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Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy

Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 7:12

The passage explains that the word "and it shall be" (vehayah) in the verse refers to joy, which comes as a result of observing all of God's commandments, and that true happiness only exists when one has completed the observance of all the laws and judgments.

וְיִתְבָּאֵר עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה מב,ג) אֵין וְהָיָה אֶלָּא שִׂמְחָה. וְהִנֵּה אֲדוֹן הַנְּבִיאִים בָּא בְּנוֹעַם דְּבָרָיו לְהָעִיר בְּמוּסָר נָעִים כִּי אֵין לָאָדָם לִשְׂמוֹחַ אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁיִּשְׁמוֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה׳ לַעֲשׂוֹת, אָז יִשְׂמַח לִבּוֹ וְיָגֵל כְּבוֹדוֹ, אֲבָל כָּל עוֹד שֶׁיָּחוּשׁ שֶׁחָסֵר אַחַת מִכָּל מִצְווֹת ה׳, בֵּין מִצְווֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה בֵּין מִצְווֹת עֲשֵׂה, עָלָיו אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה (קהלת ב׳) ״וּלְשִׂמְחָה מַה זֹּה עוֹשָׂה״. וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וְהָיָה – שִׂמְחָה תִּהְיֶה לְךָ עֵקֶב תִּשְׁמְעוּן, פֵּרוּשׁ עֵקֶב הוּא סוֹף וְתַכְלִית, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמָּצִינוּ שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּמְּשׁוּ חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּלָשׁוֹן זֶה בִּלְשׁוֹן הַמִּשְׁנָה (סוטה מט:) בְּעִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחָא וְכוּ׳, כִּי בִּגְמַר זְמַן בִּיאָתוֹ יִקָּרֵא עִקְּבוֹת. כְּמוֹ כֵן אָמַר עֵקֶב תִּשְׁמְעוּן אֶת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם וַעֲשִׂיתֶם, אָז הוּא זְמַן הַשִּׂמְחָה, וְכָל שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ לָזֶה אֵין לוֹ מָקוֹם לִשְׂמוֹחַ, וּכְמַאֲמַר חֲסִידֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (חובות הלבבות שער הפרישות פרק ד׳) שֶׁהַפָּרוּשׁ אֶבְלוֹ בְּלִבּוֹ וְצַהֲלָתוֹ בְּפָנָיו, כִּי אֵין נָכוֹן לִשְׂמוֹחַ מִי שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לַעֲמוֹד בְּבוּשָׁה וּכְלִמָּה לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ הַגָּדוֹל, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר מִי שֶׁמְּחֻיָּב רֹאשׁוֹ לַמֶּלֶךְ. וּכְפִי זֶה שִׁעוּר עֵקֶב הוּא סוֹף שְׁמִיעַת כָּל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים. עוֹד נִתְכַּוֵּן לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין שִׂמְחָה לָאִישׁ אֶלָּא בְּסוֹף הַשְּׁמִיעָה, וְכָל עוֹד שֶׁלֹּא גָּמַר אָדָם עֲבוֹדָתוֹ לֹא יַאֲמִין בְּצִדְקוֹת מַעֲשָׂיו, עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (איוב טו,טו) ״הֵן בִּקְדוֹשָׁיו לֹא יַאֲמִין״:

I think we must explain the word in terms of the statement in Bereshit Rabbah 42,3 that whenever the Bible uses the term והיה it implies that something pleasant is being discussed. Moses was telling the Israelites that it does not behoove a person to rejoice unless he feels secure in the knowledge that he has fulfilled all his obligations vis-a-vis G'd. As long as a person is conscious of failing to perform either certain positive or negative commandments he must not deport himself in a joyful manner. This is what Kohelet had in mind when he said (Kohelet 2,2: ולשמחה מה זה עשה", "and of joy, what does this accomplish?" Moses tells us "as a result of your hearkening to these statutes etc." you will become joyful. There are other instances when the word עקב is used in a similar vein by our sages such as in Sotah 49 where the Mishnah says that at the end (עכבתא) of the period preceding the arrival of the Messiah disrespectful behaviour will become the norm. The period immediately preceding the arrival of the Messiah is referred to as עקב. Similarly, once people have reached the level where they fulfill all of G'd's commandments they qualify for a life full of joy. The author of Chovot Halevavot phrases this thought as follows in the fourth chapter of his treatise dealing with Perishut. "Any person deserving of the title Parush is sad on the inside but exudes joy on the outside." The reason he does not feel this joy is that it does not behoove a person who will eventually appear before his Maker for judgment feeling full of shame and embarassment to be prematurely joyful in this life. If this applies to people deserving of the appellation פרוש, ascetic, pious, then an ordinary mortal who may be guilty of death for sins committed must most certainly not feel joyful. If we use these examples of the use of the word עקב we must understand it as a level when the Israelites have hearkened to every last one of all the commandments. Moreover, a person does not experience a feeling of joy until he has completed the "hearkening," i.e. performance of the commandment in question. He cannot be certain that he has done everything correctly. This is similar to what we have been told in Job 15,14-15: "How can a human being feel righteous if G'd does not even believe that His angels are righteous?"

Source 8 · Acharonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Genesis

Or HaChaim on Genesis 3:22

God did not command Adam regarding the tree of life because without knowledge Adam could not scheme to eat from it, and if God had commanded him about both trees, the tempter would have been incited to seduce him to eat from the tree of life in violation of the commandment.

אָכֵן לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁקָּדַם ה׳ וְצִוָּה לָאָדָם עַל עֵץ הַדַּעַת, לֹא חָשׁ ה׳ לְהָאָדָם שֶׁיֹּאכַל מֵעֵץ הַחַיִּים בֵּין מִצִּדּוֹ בֵּין מִצַּד הַמֵּסִית. בֵּין מִצִּדּוֹ – כִּי הוּא מְשֻׁלָּל מֵהַהַכָּרָה וְהַיְּדִיעָה לְבַקֵּשׁ תַּחְבּוּלוֹת לַעֲלוֹת בְּרוּמֵי הַצְלָחוֹת גּוּפִיּוֹת, בֵּין לְצַד הַמֵּסִית – כִּי הַמֵּסִית מִטִּבְעוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יָסִית לְהָאָדָם עַל הַדָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בּוֹ הֲנָאָה וּזְכוּת, וּפְשִׁיטָא שֶׁלֹּא יְסִיתֵהוּ לֶאֱכוֹל מֵעֵץ הַחַיִּים. וְאִם הָיָה ה׳ מְצַוֵּהוּ עַל עֵץ הַחַיִּים עִם עֵץ הַדַּעַת, הָיָה הַמֵּסִית מִתְגָּרֶה בּוֹ לֶאֱכוֹל מֵעֵץ הַחַיִּים לְצַד בִּטּוּל הַמִּצְוָה, וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁהָיָה מוֹצֵא מָקוֹם לְהָסִית גַּם לָאָדָם עַצְמוֹ. לָזֶה נִתְחַכֵּם ה׳ לְבַל צַוֹּתוֹ עַל זֶה, שֶׁבָּזֶה לֹא יִתְגָּרֶה בּוֹ מֵסִית, וְכַאֲשֶׁר אָכַל מֵעֵץ הַדַּעַת וְיֶשְׁנוֹ בְּהַכָּרַת דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּאוֹת לוֹ, נִכְנַס בְּגֶדֶר סָפֵק שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁלַח יָדוֹ לֶאֱכוֹל לִחְיוֹת לְעוֹלָם.

In view of the fact that G'd had warned man not to eat from the tree of knowledge He was not worried about his eating from the tree of life. He did not think man would be motivated to do so either of his own volition or as a result of seduction by the serpent. The seducer only urges man to taste what is forbidden; Satan never urges you to do what is perfectly permissible. Man on his own had no desire to eat from that tree in order to secure permanent life, something that was his birthright anyways. It was only after he had forfeited his birthright that he would seek to find an alternative for what he had lost. If G'd had forbidden the tree of life immediately, the serpent might have succeeded to entice even Adam himself into eating from it. Therefore G'd was wise in not including the tree of life in the prohibition immediately. After having eaten from the tree of knowledge with its fateful consequences, Adam's priorities had changed, and G'd now had to be concerned lest man eat from that tree in order to neutralize the mortality that had been decreed on him.

Source 9 · Acharonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Numbers

Or HaChaim on Numbers 6:24

The passage explains that blessing is mentioned before protection because God's protection will be measured according to the greatness of the blessing, and the blessing will be so great that God's protection will be necessary to ensure that abundance does not lead to harmful consequences.

הִקְדִּים הַבְּרָכָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הַשְּׁמִירָה, לוֹמַר שֶׁיְּצַוֶּה ה׳ שְׁמִירָתוֹ לָהֶם לְפִי עֵרֶךְ הַבְּרָכָה וּגְדֻלָּתָהּ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה שֶׁכָּל כָּךְ תִּהְיֶה גְּדֻלַּת הַבְּרָכָה עַד שֶׁיִּצְטָרֵךְ ה׳ לִשְׁמָרְךָ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה יְבָרֶכְךָ וְלֹא יְסֻבַּב רָעָה מֵהַבְּרָכָה כְּדֶרֶךְ ״פֶּן תֹּאכַל וְשָׂבָעְתָּ״ וְגוֹ׳ (דברים ח:יב).

Source 10 · Acharonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Exodus

Or HaChaim on Exodus 24:11

The passage explores why the text specifies that God did not lay His hand upon the nobles of Israel, suggesting this was because they were the great leaders of Israel whose death would have caused all Israel to mourn, and God did not wish to mix sorrow with joy.

וְאוּלַי כִּי טַעַם הוּא נוֹתֵן לָמָּה לֹא שָׁלַח יָדוֹ, לְצַד שֶׁהָיוּ אֲצִילֵי, פֵּרוּשׁ גְּדוֹלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאִלּוּ עָשׂוּ כֵן זוּלָתָם הָיָה שׁוֹלֵחַ יָדוֹ. אוֹ עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (במדבר רבה טו) שֶׁלֹּא רָצָה לְעַרְבֵּב הַשִּׂמְחָה, כִּי כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל יִתְאַבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם לְצַד הֱיוֹתָם גְּדוֹלֵיהֶם וַאֲצִילֵיהֶם, לָזֶה לֹא שָׁלַח יָדוֹ.

Source 11 · Hasidic
Verified

The Ohr HaChaim as a Hasidic Touchstone

Me'or Einayim, Vayikra:2

The Menachem Nachum of Chernobyl (Me'or Einayim) and other early Chassidic masters treated the Ohr HaChaim as a quasi-canonical source, citing his insights on clinging to God, the inner life of the soul, and the transformative power of Torah study.

והנה אמרו רז״ל המהלך במקום סכנה מתפלל תפלה קצרה בכל פרשת העבור יהיו צרכיהם לפניך וקא מפרש בגמרא אפילו בשעה שהם פורשין לעבירה יהיו צרכיהם גלוים לפניך הענין הוא שהבורא ברוך הוא מצומצם אצל כל אחד מישראל ואפילו אצל רשע גדול יש אצלו עדיין הבורא יתברך והראיה שלכל רשע באים לו הרהורים תשובה דהיינו שהקב״ה קורא אותו בעצמו ואומר שוב אלי רק שאינו מבין שהשם יתברך קורא אותו: וזהו ויקרא אל משה כתיב אל״ף זעירא דהיינו שהשם יתברך שהוא אלופו של עולם הוא מצומצם אצל כל אחד מישראל וקורא אותו לשוב דהיינו הרהורי תשובה שבאים לו רק מפני שאינו מבין שזה קורא אותו השם יתברך ב״ה לכן כתיב ויקרא סתם. אבל כשמבין שזה קורא אותו השם יתברך לשוב מדרכו הרעה והוא משיב עצמו אל הבורא יתברך אז אחר כך וידבר ה׳ אליו מאוהל מועד לאמר דהיינו כשבא לעשות איזה עבירה והקב״ה מונע אותו על ידי איזה סיבה שלא יוכל לעשות העבירה הרי הוא כמו שמדבר אליו שובה אלי עד מתי תלך אחר הבליך וזהו שאמרו רז״ל מתפלל תפלה קצרה לקצר הקליפות הושע השם את עמך את וכו׳ אפילו בשעה שהם פורשים לעבירה כו׳ וזהו שאמרו רז״ל תפשו הקב״ה לירבעם חזור בך היינו בשעה שהיה בוגד שהיה עומד ומקריב לעבודה זרה והוכיח אותו הנביא ורצה לשלוח יד בו ותיבש ידו ולא יהיה יכול לעבוד עבודה זרה והיינו כמו שאמר הקב״ה חזור בך דהיינו במה שמנע ממנו כו׳:

Our Rabbis taught that One who is walking in a place of danger, recites a brief prayer…at parashat ha’ibur. It's then explained in the Gemara (Berachot 29b), "Even when they are engaged in sin, may all of their needs before You," The matter is that the Creator Baruch Hu is retracted near/within each person from Israel, and even the most wicked one The Creator Yitbarach is still with him. The proof is that for ever wicked person comes thoughts of Teshuva, which is the Holy Blessed One calling him individually and saying, "Return to Me." It's only that he does not understand is that it is Hashem Yitbarach is calling him. This is why "And He called to Moshe" is written with a diminished Alef. That Hashem Yitbarach is "Aluf (Master) of the world. Go retracts Himself within every person of Israel and calls him to return. These are the thoughts of Teshuva that come to him. But a person does not understand that it is Hashem Yitbarach calling him. This is why it's not only written "And He Called"" But when he comes to understand that Hashem Yitbarach is calling him to return from his wicked ways, and he returns himself to the Boreh Yitbarach, only then "the Lord spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting saying," This is that when a person comes to do some sin, but Hakadosh Baruch Hu prevents him by way of some reason that he can't actually commit the sin, this is likened to God saying to him "Return to Me! How long will you go after your emptiness!" This is what our Rabbis z'l meant when they said "Pray a shortened prayer" To shorten the "husks". Save Hashem, Your people, etc." Even when they are engaged in sins, etc. This is what our Rabbis z''l meant when they said "After HaKadosh Baruch Hu held Jeroboam, saying "Return to yourself!" In the hour that he was rebelling and standing to offer idolatrous sacrifices, the prophet rebuked him and wanted to strike him. His hand dried up and he could not perform idol worship. This what God meant when He said "Return to yourself" That in this he was prevented from it."