Talmud Sanhedrin 93b – The Test of Moshiach
Sanhedrin 93b
The Talmud states that Moshiach will be able to judge by smell (smell out the truth in legal cases without witnesses), citing Isaiah 11:3 — 'he shall judge not by what his eyes see nor by what his ears hear.'
אָמַר רַבִּי אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִי: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהִטְעִינוֹ מִצְוֹת וְיִסּוּרִין כְּרֵיחַיִים. רָבָא אָמַר: דְּמוֹרַח וְדָאֵין, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְלֹא לְמַרְאֵה עֵינָיו יִשְׁפּוֹט״, ״וְשָׁפַט בְּצֶדֶק דַּלִּים וְהוֹכִיחַ בְּמִישׁוֹר לְעַנְוֵי אָרֶץ״. בַּר כּוֹזֵיבָא מְלַךְ תַּרְתֵּין שְׁנִין וּפַלְגָא. אֲמַר לְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן: אֲנָא מָשִׁיחַ. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: בְּמָשִׁיחַ כְּתִיב דְּמוֹרַח וְדָאֵין, נֶחְזֵי אֲנַן אִי מוֹרַח וְדָאֵין. כֵּיוָן דְּחַזְיוּהּ דְּלָא מוֹרַח וְדָאֵין, קַטְלוּהּ.
Rabbi Alexandri says that the term hariḥo teaches that God burdened the Messiah with mitzvot and afflictions like millstones [reiḥayim]. Rava says that hariḥo teaches that the Messiah will smell [demoraḥ] and then judge on that basis, sensing who is right, as it is written: “And he shall neither judge after the sight of [lemareh] his eyes, nor decide after the hearing of his ears; and with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and decide equity for the meek of the earth” (Isaiah 11:3–4). The Gemara relates: Bar Koziva, i.e., bar Kokheva, ruled for two and a half years. He said to the Sages: I am the Messiah. They said to him: With regard to the Messiah it is written that he is able to smell and judge, so let us see ourselves whether he, bar Kokheva, is able to smell and judge. Once they saw that he was not able to smell and judge, the gentiles killed him.
Why it matters — Provides a specific supernatural criterion — judging by smell/spirit — that the Talmud says can identify Moshiach, and implies Bar Koziva (Bar Kokhba) failed this test.