לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה. בְּמַסֶּכֶת בְּרָכוֹת (ח) אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אִיכָּא סָבֵי בְּבָבֶל. תָּמַהּ, וְהַכְּתִיב: ״לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה״, מַשְׁמַע אֲבָל בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לֹא. אָמְרֵי לֵיהּ: הֵם מַקְדִּימִין וּמַחְשִׁיכִין לְבֵי כְּנִשְׁתָּא. אָמַר: הַיְינוּ דְּאַהֲנֵי לְהוּ. וְקָשֶׁה עַל תֵּרוּץ זֶה כִּי עֲדַיִן הַקֻּשְׁיָה בִּמְקוֹמָהּ עוֹמֶדֶת, שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּפָסוּק זֶה אָמַר סְתָם ״עַל הָאֲדָמָה״ בִּלְתִּי שׁוּם חֲלוּקָּה, וּמֵהֵיכָן לָמַד לוֹמַר שֶׁפָּסוּק זֶה מְדַבֵּר דַּוְקָא בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָן הוֹלְכִים לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, לוֹמַר שֶׁאָז דַּוְקָא מְמֹעָט. וְנִרְאֶה לִי עַל דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (מגילה כט.) שֶׁעֲתִידִין בָּתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת וּבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ שֶׁיִּקָּבְעוּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כוּ׳, וְאִם כֵּן הָאֲדָמָה שֶׁבְּכָל בָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת שֶׁל חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ זוֹ הִיא הָאֲדָמָה שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֶעָתִיד יִקְבַּע ה׳ הַבָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת הַבִּנְיָן וְהַקַּרְקַע מִכָּל וָכֹל אֶל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאִם כֵּן וַדַּאי הָאֲדָמָה הַהִיא אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הִיא וְחֵלֶק מִן אַדְמַת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְהַמַּשְׁכִּים וְהַמַּעֲרִיב בְּכָל יוֹם לְבָתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת דּוֹמֶה כְּאִלּוּ בְּכָל יוֹם הוּא עוֹמֵד עַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע ה׳ לַאֲבוֹתָם, וּמְקֻיָּם בּוֹ יִעוּד ״לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע ה׳ לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶם לָתֵת לָהֶם״, ״לָכֶם״ לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא ״לָהֶם״, פֵּרֵשׁ רַשִׁ״י, מִכָּאן לִתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וּמַה עִנְיָן זֶה לְכָאן? אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁבַּזְּמַן הַהוּא דַּוְקָא יִקָּבְעוּ הַבָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְיָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת שֶׁזֶּה מוּסָב עַל תְּחִלַּת הַפָּרָשָׁה, שֶׁאָמַר: ״וּלְעָבְדוֹ בְּכָל לְבַבְכֶם״ זוֹ תְּפִלָּה, כְּפֵרוּשׁ רַשִׁ״י, וּמִדְּקָאָמַר ״בְּכָל לְבַבְכֶם״ שְׁמַע מִנַּהּ שֶׁמְּדַבֵּר שֶׁרַבִּים מִתְקַבְּצִים לְבָתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, וְעַל זֶה יִעֵד הַשָּׂכָר ״לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה״.
In order that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied upon the land. In Tractate Berakhot (8), they said to Rabbi Yochanan, “There are elderly people in Babylon.” He was astonished and responded, “But it is written, In order that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied upon the land, implying that in lands outside of Israel, this is not the case.” They told him, “They rise early and stay late in the synagogue.” He said, “That is what has benefited them.” However, this answer is difficult because the original question still remains, since this verse simply states upon the land without any distinction. From where did he learn to say that this verse specifically refers to times when they do not go to the synagogue, to say that only then is the blessing diminished? And it seems to me, according to what our Sages of blessed memory said (Megillah 29a) that in the future, synagogues and houses of study in the Diaspora will be affixed in the Land of Israel, etc. And if so, the ground on which all synagogues outside the Land of Israel stand is actually the ground of the Land of Israel, because in the future, God will affix these synagogues — both the buildings and the land in their entirety — in the Land of Israel. Therefore, certainly that ground is holy ground and a part of the Land of Israel. And one who arrives early and stays late every day in synagogues is like one who stands every day on the ground which God swore to their forefathers. And thus is fulfilled the promise that your days and the days of your children may be prolonged upon the land which the Lord swore to your forefathers to give to them. It does not say “to you” but rather to them. Rashi explains this as evidence for the resurrection of the dead from the Torah. But what is the relevance of this here? Rather, it is because specifically at that time the synagogues of the Diaspora will be affixed in the Land of Israel. And it could be that this refers back to the beginning of the section, which states, And to serve Him with all your heart — this refers to prayer, as Rashi explains. And from the fact that it says with all your heart, we can learn that it speaks of many people gathering in synagogues to pray, and for this the reward is promised: that your days and the days of your children may be prolonged upon the land.