Machshavaמחשבה

The Formative Power of Past Experience

These sources teach that past experiences—whether hardship, failure, or redemption—are not merely historical events to be left behind but formative forces that shape identity and spiritual growth. From biblical commands to remember the wilderness journey to rabbinic teachings on repentance and suffering, the sources emphasize that honest reckoning with one's past is essential to self-understanding and ethical development.

דַּע מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ

12 sources · verified

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Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Devarim – Remember the Wilderness

Deuteronomy 8:2

Moses commands Israel to 'remember the entire path that God led you through the wilderness these forty years,' emphasizing that the journey of hardship and testing was not incidental but definitional — it shaped who they were as a people before entering the Land.

וְזָכַרְתָּ֣ אֶת־כׇּל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹלִֽיכְךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ זֶ֛ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְמַ֨עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֜ לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ֗ לָדַ֜עַת אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ֛ הֲתִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתָ֖ו אִם־לֹֽא׃

Remember the long way that the ETERNAL your God has made you travel in the wilderness these past forty years, in order to test you by hardships to learn what was in your hearts: whether you would keep the commandments or not.

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Tehillim – I Will Remember the Deeds of God

Psalms 77:12

The psalmist declares 'I will remember the deeds of God, for I will remember Your wonders of old' — turning deliberately to the past not as nostalgia but as a spiritual anchor that reshapes present identity and renews faith.

(אזכיר) [אֶזְכּ֥וֹר] מַעַלְלֵי־יָ֑הּ כִּֽי־אֶזְכְּרָ֖ה מִקֶּ֣דֶם פִּלְאֶֽךָ׃

I recall the deeds of Yah; yes, I recall Your wonders of old;

Source 3 · Chazal
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Pirkei Avot – Know Where You Came From

Pirkei Avot 3:1

Akavia ben Mahalalel teaches: 'Know from where you came, where you are going, and before Whom you will give account' — grounding ethical self-awareness in an honest reckoning with one's origins and the formative conditions of one's existence.

דַּע מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן. מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, מִטִּפָּה סְרוּחָה, וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, לִמְקוֹם עָפָר רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה.

Where are you going? To a place of dust, of worm and of maggot.

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Pesachim – Telling the Story of One's Personal Exodus

Pesachim 116a

The Haggadah's requirement that 'each person is obligated to see himself as if he personally left Egypt' teaches that past redemptive experiences must be internalized and re-lived — they are not merely historical but constitutive of personal identity.

וּלְפִי דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בֵּן אָבִיו מְלַמְּדוֹ. מַתְחִיל בִּגְנוּת וּמְסַיֵּים בְּשֶׁבַח. וְדוֹרֵשׁ מֵ״אֲרַמִּי אוֹבֵד אָבִי״, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמוֹר כׇּל הַפָּרָשָׁה כּוּלָּהּ. מַתְחִיל בִּגְנוּת וּמְסַיֵּים בְּשֶׁבַח. מַאי בִּגְנוּת? רַב אָמַר: ״מִתְּחִלָּה עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הָיוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ״. [וּשְׁמוּאֵל] אָמַר: ״עֲבָדִים הָיִינוּ״. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן לְדָרוּ עַבְדֵּיהּ: עַבְדָּא דְּמַפֵּיק לֵיהּ מָרֵיהּ לְחֵירוּת, וְיָהֵיב לֵיהּ כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא, מַאי בָּעֵי לְמֵימַר לֵיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בָּעֵי לְאוֹדוֹיֵי וּלְשַׁבּוֹחֵי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: פְּטַרְתַּן מִלּוֹמַר ״מָה נִשְׁתַּנָּה״. פָּתַח וְאָמַר ״עֲבָדִים הָיִינוּ״.

And according to the intelligence and the ability of the son, his father teaches him about the Exodus. When teaching his son about the Exodus. He begins with the Jewish people’s disgrace and concludes with their glory. And he expounds from the passage: “An Aramean tried to destroy my father” (Deuteronomy 26:5), the declaration one recites when presenting his first fruits at the Temple, until he concludes explaining the entire section. It was taught in the mishna that the father begins his answer with disgrace and concludes with glory. The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the term: With disgrace? Rav said that one should begin by saying: At first our forefathers were idol worshippers, before concluding with words of glory. And Shmuel said: The disgrace with which one should begin his answer is: We were slaves. Rav Naḥman said to his servant, Daru: With regard to a slave who is freed by his master, who gives him gold and silver, what should the slave say to him? Daru said to him: He must thank and praise his master. He said to him: If so, you have exempted us from reciting the questions of: Why is this night different, as you have stated the essence of the seder night. Rav Naḥman immediately began to recite: We were slaves.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Berakhot – Suffering and the Formation of the Self

Berakhot 5a

The Talmud teaches that suffering which a person accepts with love brings atonement and spiritual growth, and that one should examine one's ways in response to hardship — framing past painful experiences as formative rather than merely regrettable.

אָמַר רָבָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב חִסְדָּא: אִם רוֹאֶה אָדָם שֶׁיִּסּוּרִין בָּאִין עָלָיו — יְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשָׂיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״נַחְפְּשָׂה דְרָכֵינוּ וְנַחְקֹרָה וְנָשׁוּבָה עַד ה׳״. פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ וְלֹא מָצָא — יִתְלֶה בְּבִטּוּל תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אַשְׁרֵי הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר תְּיַסְּרֶנּוּ יָּהּ וּמִתּוֹרָתְךָ תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ״. וְאִם תָּלָה וְלֹא מָצָא — בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁיִּסּוּרִין שֶׁל אַהֲבָה הֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי אֶת אֲשֶׁר יֶאֱהַב ה׳ יוֹכִיחַ״. תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי אוֹמֵר: שָׁלֹשׁ מַתָּנוֹת טוֹבוֹת נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכוּלָּן לֹא נְתָנָן אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי יִסּוּרִין, אֵלּוּ הֵן: תּוֹרָה וְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהָעוֹלָם הַבָּא.

Previously, the Gemara discussed suffering that results from one’s transgressions. The Gemara shifts the focus and discusses suffering that does not result from one’s transgressions and the suffering of the righteous. Rava, and some say Rav Ḥisda, said: If a person sees that suffering has befallen him, he should examine his actions. Generally, suffering comes about as punishment for one’s transgressions, as it is stated: “We will search and examine our ways, and return to God” (Lamentations 3:40). If he examined his ways and found no transgression for which that suffering is appropriate, he may attribute his suffering to dereliction in the study of Torah. God punishes an individual for dereliction in the study of Torah in order to emphasize the gravity of the issue, as it is stated: “Happy is the man whom You punish, Lord, and teach out of Your law” (Psalms 94:12). This verse teaches us that his suffering will cause him to return to Your law. And if he did attribute his suffering to dereliction in the study of Torah, and did not find this to be so, he may be confident that these are afflictions of love, as it is stated: “For whom the Lord loves, He rebukes, as does a father the son in whom he delights” (Proverbs 3:12). Additionally, it was taught in a baraita with regard to affliction: Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, gave Israel three precious gifts, all of which were given only by means of suffering, which purified Israel so that they may merit to receive them. These gifts are: Torah, Eretz Yisrael, and the World-to-Come.

Source 6 · Rishonim
Verified

Sha'arei Teshuvah – Past Sin as Teacher

Sha'arei Teshuvah 2:5

Rabbeinu Yonah teaches that a person who has sinned and repented must use the memory of past failure as ongoing motivation for humility and vigilance — the past is not erased but transformed into a constructive shaping force.

וְיֵשׁ עַל הַבּוֹטֵחַ בַּשֵּׁם לְהוֹחִיל בִּמְעוּף צוּקָתוֹ כִּי יִהְיֶה הַחֹשֶׁךְ סִבַּת הָאוֹרָה. כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (מיכה ז':ח') אַל תִּשְׂמְחִי אֹיַבְתִּי לִי כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי כִּי אֵשֵׁב בַּחֹשֶׁךְ ה' אוֹר לִי. וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה אִלְמָלֵא נָפַלְתִּי לֹא קַמְתִּי אִלְמָלֵא יָשַׁבְתִּי בַּחֹשֶׁךְ לֹא הָיָה אוֹר לִי.

And one who trusts God should hold on during the vision of his distress; for the darkness will be the cause for the light - as it is written (Micah 7:8), "Do not rejoice over me, O my enemy; since I have fallen, I rise again; since I sit in darkness, the Lord is my light." And our Rabbis, may their memory be blessed, said (Midrash Tehillim 22), "If I had not fallen I would not have risen; If I had not sat in darkness, the Lord would not have been my light." And every single person on the day of his trouble should put into his heart to understand and afflict himself, [together] with the repentance and prayer - just like the community is obligated to fast and afflict themselves at the time of their trouble, as the Sages, may their memory be blessed, ordained.

Source 7 · Acharonim
Verified

Netivot Olam (Maharal) – Suffering Shapes the Person

Netivot Olam, Netiv Hayisurin 1

Maharal teaches that difficulties and suffering are not accidents but are built into the structure of existence to refine and define the human being — one who has endured hardship is shaped into a vessel of greater spiritual capacity.

ואמר אם לא מצא יתלה שהם יסורין של אהבה, ופי' יסורין של אהבה כי כאשר האדם הוא צדיק וראוי אל מעלה עליונה והאדם מצד הגוף יש בו צד מה שאינו ראוי אל אותה מעלה, שאין האדם ראוי אל אותה מעלה מצד החסרון שהוא דבר בחומר, והקב"ה מביא עליו יסורין כדי למרק הנפש שהוא דק בחומר ולסלק חומר שלו ממנו כדי להביא אותו אל המעלה העליונה שאין האדם זוכה לה שהגוף יש בו פחיתות והיסורים ממרקים הנפש ומסלקין הנפש מן פחיתות החמרי עד שהוא טהור.

Source 8 · Acharonim
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Mesillat Yesharim – Taking Stock of the Past

Mesillat Yesharim 1

The Ramchal opens with the call for deep self-examination (cheshbon ha-nefesh), insisting that a person must look honestly at what they have lived through and who they have been — the examined past is the starting point of all genuine growth.

עַל כֵּן תִּמְצָא מַאַמְרֵי חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה רַבִּים כֻּלָּם בְּסִגְנוֹן אֶחָד מְדַמִּים הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה לִמְקוֹם וּזְמַן הַהֲכָנָה, וְהָעוֹלָם הַבָּא לִמְקוֹם הַמְּנוּחָה וַאֲכִילַת הַמּוּכָן כְּבָר, וְהוּא מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה דּוֹמֶה לִפְרוֹזְדוֹר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה: הַיּוֹם לַעֲשׂוֹתָם וּמָחָר לְקַבֵּל שְׂכָרָם (ע"ז ב).

Hence, you will find many statements of our sages, of blessed memory, all along similar lines, comparing this world to a place and time of preparation while the next world is compared to a place of rest and eating what has already been prepared. For instance they said: "this world is like a corridor" (Avos 4:16), as I wrote earlier; "today for their performance and tomorrow [for receiving their reward]..." (Avodah Zara 3a); "He who toiled on Friday will eat on the Sabbath" (Kohelet Raba 1:15); "this world is like the shore and the next world like the sea", and many other statements along the same lines.

Source 9 · Hasidic
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Noam Elimelekh – Jacob's Vow and the Meaning of the Past

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Vayetzei

Reb Elimelech of Lizhensk reflects on Jacob's declaration 'if God will be with me on this way that I am going' — teaching that a person's awareness of having been accompanied and shaped by divine providence throughout their journey is itself a spiritual awakening.

או יאמר "ויצא יעקב מבאר שבע ויפגע במקום כו׳", נ"ל דהנה הצדיק הגמור אף שהלך ממדרגה למדרגה צריך שידמה בעיניו כאילו הוא אינו עושה כלום כי אם הכל הוא מהשי"ת ב"ה. "ויפגע במקום" ר"ל אף שהיה בכל המדרגות האלו היה חושב שכל תפילותיו שהוא מתפלל הכל הוא מאת המקום ב"ה.

Source 10 · Hasidic
Verified

Toldot Yaakov Yosef – Joseph's Descent as Formative

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Vayeshev

Rabbi Yaakov Yosef of Polnoye interprets Joseph's descent into the pit and Egypt as spiritually constitutive — the suffering and exile of the tzaddik are not setbacks but the very experiences that shape his greatness and prepare him for his mission.

לכך קפץ עליו רוגזו של יוסף על ידי נסיון במצרים אז נעשה צדיק ועביד יעקב תולדות על ידו, והבן.

Source 11 · Hasidic
Verified

Kedushat Levi – The Song of the Sea and Reliving the Past

Kedushat Levi, Exodus, Bo, Beshalach

Reb Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev teaches that the Song at the Sea was sung with such intensity because Israel truly re-experienced the miracles in their souls — past divine encounters must be actively re-inhabited, not merely recalled.

ונראה, דהנה בהירות הבורא ברוך הוא הוא אין סוף וכשעלה ברצונו לברוא עולמו בגין דיתקרי רחום כו', צמצם בהירותו כפי איכות המקבלים לעולם השרפים כפי בחינתם וכן לעולם החיות ולעולם המלאכים וכן לכל העולמות עליונים והם תמיד במדריגה אחד כפי איכות קבלתם ביום הבראם, כי לא יביט למעלה ממדריגתו כדי שלא יבטל לו ממציאות בהירתו אין סוף ולא למטה ממדריגתו. וזהו הרמז בפסוק (ישעיה ו, ב) בשתים יכסה פניו ובשתים יכסה רגליו. פניו, שלא יביט למעלה ויתבטל במציאות. היה אור במושבותם, היה יותר אור. ובזה יובן הגמרא (נדרים ח:) לעתיד לבוא יוציא הקדוש ברוך הוא חמה מנרתיקה צדיקים מתרפאין בה ורשעים נדונין בה, כי חמה מורה על בהירות העליון , ונרתיקה מורה על הצמצום, הרמז יגלה הבהירות העליון ויסיר הצמצום ואז צדיקים כו' ויובן: ויאמר משה כה אמר ה' כו' (שמות יא, ד).

The father is to emphasize that the ‎‎halachah wishes to impress upon us that when ‎recognition of G’d and His power and His relationship ‎to the Jewish people is the result of having experienced ‎G’d’s miracles, such recognition of G’d will endure ‎forever, whereas when it is merely the result of reason ‎there is no guarantee that at one time or another ‎someone will not be able to “prove” that the belief in ‎G’d, even when attained after sanctifying themselves, is ‎liable to be shaken by arguments to the contrary. This also answers the question why the ‎Torah did not have the “smart” son preface his ‎question with the words: ‎על מה‎, “what for,” but has him ‎ask ‎מה‎, ”what,” i.e. what is the intrinsic value of this ‎ritual year after year?‎ By reliving what our forefathers had experienced at ‎the time of the Exodus and what had brought them to ‎a level of seeing the greatness of the Creator and His ‎relationship to us by the miracles He performed for us, ‎we hope to prevent these lofty feelings from fading ‎into oblivion.

Source 12 · Modern
Verified

Ohr Yisrael – Using the Past to Build the Future

Ohr Yisrael, Iggeret HaMusar

Reb Yisrael Salanter teaches in his famous Iggeret that a person must take stock of their character traits and history — self-knowledge rooted in honest reflection on one's past is the indispensable foundation for moral transformation.

עַתָּה, בְּכָל הָאֳפָנִים אֲשֶׁר יִתְיַצֵּב הָאָדָם, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה, יוֹם הַמָּוֶת מִכֹּל מְכֻסֶּה, פִּתְאוֹם יָבוֹא, וְהָאֱלֹהִים יִפְקֹד אֶת כָּל מַעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה מִסְפַּר מִפְקַד יְמֵי חַיָּיו, אַחַת מֵהֶן לֹא נֶעְדָּרָה, וּמַר מִמָּוֶת תִּהְיֶה הָאַחֲרִית בְּאֵין מָנוֹס וּמִפְלָט לְהִנָּצֵל. הוּא מַאֲמַר הַכָּתוּב (קֹהֶלֶת ט', ד') כִּי מִי אֲשֶׁר יְחֻבַּר אֶל כָּל הַחַיִּים יֵשׁ בִּטָּחוֹן, כִּי לְכֶלֶב חַי (כִּדְרָשַׁת רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זַ"ל) הוּא טוֹב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת, כִּדְרָשַׁת רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זַ"ל (בַּיַּלְקוּט בִּמְקוֹמוֹ), שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁאָדָם חַי יֵשׁ לוֹ בִּטָּחוֹן וְתִקְוָה לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמֵּת אָבְדָה תִּקְוָתוֹ כוּ': אִי לָזֹאת, כָּל עוֹד נִשְׁמָתֵנוּ בְּקִרְבֵּנוּ, נְמַהֵר נְחִישָׁה לְפַלֵּס דַּרְכֵּנוּ לְטוֹב, אָכֵן עַל יְדֵי אֶבֶן הַנֶּגֶף יִרַט הַדֶּרֶךְ לְנֶגְדֵּנוּ. לֹא נֶחֱרַד מִיּוֹם הַמִּיתָה גַּם אִם בְּפִינוּ נַזְכִּירֵהוּ, כְּמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זַ"ל (שַׁבָּת לא:) שֶׁמָּא תֹּאמַר שִׁכְחָה הִיא כוּ,' גַּם אִם עֵינֵינוּ רוֹאוֹת מִיתַת בְּנֵי אָדָם כָּמוֹנוּ, לֹא תִּתֵּן עֹז בְּנַפְשֵׁנוּ לָשׁוּב בְּכָל לֵב לְבוֹרְאֵנוּ, אֲשֶׁר לַסּוֹף נָבוֹא לְפָנָיו לְמִשְׁפָּט וְיִתְוַכַּח עִמָּנוּ עַל כָּל רֹעַ מִפְעָלֵינוּ, הֵפֶךְ מַאֲמַר הַכָּתוּב (קֹהֶלֶת ז', ב') טוֹב לָלֶכֶת אֶל בֵּית אָבֵל מִלֶּכֶת אֶל בֵּית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא סוֹף כָּל הָאָדָם וְהַחַי יִתֵּן אֶל לִבּוֹ. אֵין זֹאת, כִּי אִם רִבּוּי הָעֲו‍ֹנוֹת שֶׁטִּמְטְמוּ לִבֵּנוּ וַיְהִי לְאֶבֶן, כִּדְרָשַׁת חֲכָמֵינוּ זַ"ל (יוֹמָא ל"ט) עַל הַפָּסוּק (וַיִּקְרָא י"א) וְלֹא תִּטָּמְאוּ בָּהֶם וְנִטְמְתֶם בָּם אַל תִּקְרֵי וְנִטְמֵאתֶם אֶלָּא וְנִטַּמְטֵם כוּ'. וְלָכֵן גַּם עֲו‍ֹנוֹתֵינוּ נִסְתָּרִים מִלְּפָנֵינוּ, וְלֹא נַרְגִּישׁ בַּהֶם בִּמְהֵרָה, כְּמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זַ"ל (קִדּוּשִׁין מ') כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבַר אָדָם עֲבֵרַה וְשָׁנָה כוּ' נַעֲשֵׂית לוֹ כְּהֶתֵּר, וְהֵן מְסַבְּבִים אוֹתָנוּ לְיוֹם הַדִּין, כְּמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זַ"ל (עֲבוֹדָה־זָרָה י"ח) עֲו‍ֹנוֹת שֶׁאָדָם דָּשׁ בַּעֲקֵבָיו כוּ' הֵן מְסַבְּבִין כוּ'. עַתָּה הַאִם אָבְדָה תִּקְוָתֵנוּ חַס וְחָלִילָה, אֵין מָזוֹר לָנוּ חָלִילָה:

Now, in whatever circumstances in which a person is situated, what shall he do? The day of death is hidden from everyone. It will come suddenly, and God will remember every act he did in accordance with the number of the recorded days of his life. Not one of them is omitted. This end will be more bitter than death with no escape or refuge to save him. This is what the verse states (Eccl. 9:4): “For he who is reckoned among the living can be secure; for a live dog is better than a dead lion.” As interpreted by our Rabbis, of blessed memory (in the Yalkut on that verse), as long as a person is alive, he has the security and hope that he can repent, but once he dies, his hope is lost…. In light of this, as long as our soul is still in us, we should quickly hasten to set our course toward the good. However, there is an obstacle blocking the road to us. We do not tremble at the day of death, even if we pay lip service to it. As our Rabbis, of blessed memory, say (Shabbat 31b): “Lest you think it is a matter of their [evil men] forgetting [the day of death]...” Even if our eyes see the death of a person just like us, it does not embolden our souls to return to our Creator with a full heart – notwithstanding that in the end we will come before Him for judgment and He will contend with us on all our evil activities. This [indifference to our death] is the opposite of Scripture’s statement (Eccl. 7:2): “It is better to go to a house of mourning than go to a house of festivity, for this death is the end of every man and the one who lives should take it to heart.” This is only because our many sins have dulled our heart and turned it into stone. As our Sages, of blessed memory, expound (Yoma 39a), on the verse (Lev. 11:43): “‘Velo tit’amu vahem, venitmeitem bam’; do not read venitmeitem [you shall become unclean], but venitamtem [you shall become dulled]....” Therefore, even our sins are hidden from us and we do not feel them readily. As our Rabbis, of blessed memory, say (Kiddushin 40a): “Once a person does a sin and then repeats it…it becomes [in his mind] as if [the act is] permitted.” Yet these bad acts beset us on the day of judgment. As our Rabbis, of blessed memory, say (Avoda Zara 18a): “Sins that a person tramples underfoot...beset him [on the day of judgment]....” So have we lost hope, God forbid? Is there no healing for us, God forbid?