Machshavaמחשבה

Balancing Trust in God With Human Effort

Jewish tradition addresses the fundamental tension between bitachon (trust in divine providence) and hishtadlus (human effort and initiative). Sources from the Talmud through modern mussar explore how one should engage in worldly labor and planning while maintaining inner reliance on God, and whether excessive effort or excessive passivity each reflects a spiritual imbalance.

הַבִּטָּחוֹן וְהוּא שֶׁיַּשְׁלִיךְ יְהָבוֹ עַל ה' לְגַמְרֵי

12 sources · verified

Opens as a working sheet — explore, annotate, and export.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 8:17-18

The Torah warns against saying 'my strength and the power of my hand made me this wealth,' commanding instead to remember that it is God who gives the power to acquire wealth — the foundational biblical tension between human effort and divine provision.

וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ כֹּחִי֙ וְעֹ֣צֶם יָדִ֔י עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י אֶת־הַחַ֥יִל הַזֶּֽה׃ וְזָֽכַרְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י ה֗וּא הַנֹּתֵ֥ן לְךָ֛ כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת חָ֑יִל לְמַ֨עַן הָקִ֧ים אֶת־בְּרִית֛וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ {פ}

and you say to yourselves, “My own power and the might of my own hand have won this wealth for me.” Remember that it is the ETERNAL your God who gives you the power to get wealth, in fulfillment of the covenant made on oath with your fathers, as is still the case.

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Psalms

Psalms 127:1-2

"Unless God builds the house, its builders labor in vain" — a classic biblical statement that human effort is futile without divine support, yet the psalm implicitly acknowledges that building does take place.

שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לִשְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה אִם־יְהֹוָ֤ה ׀ לֹא־יִבְנֶ֬ה בַ֗יִת שָׁ֤וְא עָמְל֣וּ בוֹנָ֣יו בּ֑וֹ אִם־יְהֹוָ֥ה לֹא־יִשְׁמׇר־עִ֝֗יר שָׁ֤וְא ׀ שָׁקַ֬ד שׁוֹמֵֽר׃ שָׁ֤וְא לָכֶ֨ם מַשְׁכִּ֪ימֵֽי ק֡וּם מְאַחֲרֵי־שֶׁ֗בֶת אֹ֭כְלֵי לֶ֣חֶם הָעֲצָבִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן יִתֵּ֖ן לִידִיד֣וֹ שֵׁנָֽא׃

A song of ascents. Of Solomon. Unless GOD builds the house, its builders labor in vain on it; unless GOD watches over the city, the guard keeps vigil in vain. In vain do you rise early and stay up late, you who toil for the bread you eat; God’s loved ones are provided for while they sleep.

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Berakhot

Berakhot 35b

The Talmud presents a famous dispute between R. Yishmael and R. Shimon bar Yochai: R. Yishmael holds that one must combine Torah with derech eretz (worldly labor), while R. Shimon holds that if one truly cleaves to Torah, one's material needs will be provided. Abaye notes that many tried R. Shimon's path and failed.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְאָסַפְתָּ דְגָנֶךָ״ מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר? — לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לֹא יָמוּשׁ סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה מִפִּיךָ״ — יָכוֹל דְּבָרִים כִּכְתָבָן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְאָסַפְתָּ דְגָנֶךָ״ — הַנְהֵג בָּהֶן מִנְהַג דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי אוֹמֵר: אֶפְשָׁר אָדָם חוֹרֵשׁ בִּשְׁעַת חֲרִישָׁה, וְזוֹרֵעַ בִּשְׁעַת זְרִיעָה, וְקוֹצֵר בִּשְׁעַת קְצִירָה, וְדָשׁ בִּשְׁעַת דִּישָׁה, וְזוֹרֶה בִּשְׁעַת הָרוּחַ, תּוֹרָה מַה תְּהֵא עָלֶיהָ? אֶלָּא בִּזְמַן שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשִׂין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם — מְלַאכְתָּן נַעֲשֵׂית עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְעָמְדוּ זָרִים וְרָעוּ צֹאנְכֶם וְגוֹ׳״, וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשִׂין רְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם — מְלַאכְתָּן נַעֲשֵׂית עַל יְדֵי עַצְמָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאָסַפְתָּ דְגָנֶךָ״. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁמְּלֶאכֶת אֲחֵרִים נַעֲשֵׂית עַל יָדָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְעָבַדְתָּ אֶת אוֹיְבֶךָ וְגוֹ׳״. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הַרְבֵּה עָשׂוּ כְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְעָלְתָה בְּיָדָן. כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי, וְלֹא עָלְתָה בְּיָדָן.

The Sages taught: What is the meaning of that which the verse states: “And you shall gather your grain”? Because it is stated: “This Torah shall not depart from your mouths, and you shall contemplate in it day and night” (Joshua 1:8), I might have thought that these matters are to be understood as they are written; one is to literally spend his days immersed exclusively in Torah study. Therefore, the verse states: “And you shall gather your grain, your wine and your oil,” assume in their regard, the way of the world; set aside time not only for Torah, but also for work. This is the statement of Rabbi Yishmael. Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: Is it possible that a person plows in the plowing season and sows in the sowing season and harvests in the harvest season and threshes in the threshing season and winnows in the windy season, as grain is separated from the chaff by means of the wind, and is constantly busy; what will become of Torah? Rather, one must dedicate himself exclusively to Torah at the expense of other endeavors; as when Israel performs God’s will, their work is performed by others, as it is stated: “And strangers will stand and feed your flocks, and foreigners will be your plowmen and your vinedressers” (Isaiah 61:5). When Israel does not perform God’s will, their work is performed by them themselves, as it is stated: “And you shall gather your grain.” Moreover, if Israel fails to perform God’s will, others’ work will be performed by them, as it is stated: “You shall serve your enemy whom God shall send against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness and in want of all things” (Deuteronomy 28:48). Summing up this dispute, Abaye said: Although there is room for both opinions, many have acted in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael, and combined working for a living and learning Torah, and although they engaged in activities other than the study of Torah, were successful in their Torah study. Many have acted in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai and were not successful in their Torah study. They were ultimately forced to abandon their Torah study altogether.

Source 4 · Rishonim
Verified

Kuzari

Kuzari 2:50

Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi discusses how the pious person engages in the world and earns a livelihood while ensuring that his heart remains fully directed toward God, not toward his own efforts — effort is necessary but must be accompanied by inner reliance on the divine.

וְאֵין רֹב הַתַּעֲנִית עֲבוֹדָה לְמִי שֶׁתַּאֲווֹתָיו חֲלוּשׁוֹת וְכֹחוֹתָיו חֲלוּשִׁים וְגוּפוֹ רָזֶה, אֲבָל טוֹב שֶׁיְּעַדֵּן גוּפוֹ, וְלֹא הַמְעָטַת הַמָּמוֹן עֲבוֹדָה, כַּאֲשֶׁר יִזְדַּמֵּן מִן הַמֻּתָּר מִבְּלִי יְגִיעָה וְלֹא יַטְרִידֵהוּ קְנוֹתוֹ מִן הַחָכְמָה וְהַמַּעֲשִׂים הַטּוֹבִים, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לְמִי שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ טָפוּל וּבָנִים, וּמַאֲוַיָּיו לְהוֹצִיא לְשֵׁם שָׁמָיִם אַךְ הָרִבּוּי יוֹתֵר נָכוֹן לוֹ.

For him feasting is a burden and self-denial. Neither is diminution of wealth an act of piety, if it is gained in a lawful way, and if its acquisition does not interfere with study and good works, especially for him who has a household and children. He may spend part of it in almsgiving, which would not be displeasing to God; but to increase it is better for himself.

Source 5 · Rishonim
Verified

Kad HaKemach — Bitachon

Kad HaKemach, Trust

Rabbeinu Bachya ibn Paquda (in this work) explores bitachon as one of the fundamental virtues, discussing how trust in God relates to practical effort: one should make an effort befitting human responsibility but ultimately attribute all success to God alone.

שכן ארץ ורעה אמונה יאמר אע"פ שאני מזהירך שתבטח בהש"י שיפיק לך ההכנות ואחר כך שתעשה המעשה הטוב איני אומר שתניח מלאכתך ועסקיך בענין פרנסתך לגמרי בשביל המעשה הטוב שאם כן במה תתפרנס ותחיה, ועל כן אמר שכן ארץ כלומר עם היות שאתה בוטח בשם יתעלה ועושה הטוב אל תתרשל בעסק הפרנסה והמחיה כי טוב אשר תאחז בזה וגם מזה אל תנח ידך. וכבר דרשו ז"ל (אבות פ"ג) אם אין קמח אין תורה, באו לומר כי מבלעדי הפרנסה וספוק צרכי בני אדם לא יוכלו לעבוד את השם יתעלה ולתת אל התורה חוקה:

Source 6 · Rishonim
Verified

Chovot HaLevavot — Gate of Trust

Duties of the Heart, Fourth Treatise on Trust, Introduction

Rabbeinu Bachya dedicates an entire 'gate' to bitachon, defining it as complete reliance on God while clarifying that bitachon does not mean abandoning effort — rather, one may engage in hishtadlut as a normative requirement while trusting God for the outcome. He explains the proper balance between the two.

תְּחִלָּתָם שֶׁבַּעַל הַכִּימִיָּה צָרִיךְ לִדְבָרִים מְיֻחָדִים לַמְּלָאכָה לֹא יִגָּמֵר לוֹ דָּבָר זוּלָתָם וְלֹא יִמְצָאֵם בְּכָל עֵת וּבְכָל מָקוֹם. וְהַבּוֹטֵחַ בֵּאלֹהִים טַרְפּוֹ מֻבְטָח לוֹ מִכָּל סִבָּה מִסִּבּוֹת הָעוֹלָם כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (דברים ח ג) לְמַעַן הוֹדִעֲךָ כִּי לֹא עַל הַלֶּחֶם לְבַדּוֹ יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם וְגוֹ׳ כִּי הַסִּבּוֹת אֵינָן נִבְצָרוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ בְּכָל עֵת וּבְכָל מָקוֹם כַּאֲשֶׁר יָדַעְתָּ מִדְּבַר אֵלִיָּהוּ עִם הָעוֹרְבִים וְעִם הָאִשָּׁה הָאַלְמָנָה וְעֻגַת רְצָפִים וְצַפַּחַת הַמַּיִם וּדְבַר עֹבַדְיָהוּ עִם הַנְּבִיאִים שֶׁאָמַר (מלכים א׳ יח יג) וָאַחְבִּא מִנְּבִיאֵי ה׳ מֵאָה אִישׁ חֲמִשִּׁים חֲמִשִּׁים אִישׁ בַּמְּעָרָה וָאֲכַלְכְּלֵם לֶחֶם וָמָיִם

But one who trusts G-d, selects among the different occupations one which is easy on his body, allows him to earn a good reputation, does not consume his mind, and is best suited for fulfilling his torah obligations and the principles of his faith, because the choice of occupation will neither increase nor decrease the income he will earn unless G-d decreed so as it says "For it is not from the east or from the west, neither from the desert does elevation come. But G-d judges; He lowers this one and elevates that one." (Tehilim 75:7), and "He causes me to lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside still waters" (Tehilim 23:2).

Source 7 · Acharonim
Verified

Mesillat Yesharim

Mesillat Yesharim 21

In the chapter on zehirut (watchfulness) and related traits, the Ramchal addresses the proper framework of human effort: one must make appropriate effort while recognizing that ultimate outcomes are in God's hands — excess worry or obsession with hishtadlut reflects a lack of bitachon.

אָמְנָם מָה שֶׁיּוּכַל לִשְׁמוֹר אֶת הָאָדָם וּלְהַצִּילוֹ מִן הַמַּפְסִידִים הָאֵלֶּה הוּא הַבִּטָּחוֹן, וְהוּא שֶׁיַּשְׁלִיךְ יְהָבוֹ עַל ה' לְגַמְרֵי, כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵדַע כִּי וַדַּאי אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיֶּחְסַר לָאָדָם מָה שֶׁנִּקְצַב לוֹ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ זַ"ל בְּמַאַמְרֵיהֶם (ביצה ט"ז א): כָּל מְזוֹנוֹתָיו שֶׁל אָדָם קְצוּבִים לוֹ מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְגוֹ', וְכֵן אָמְרוּ (יומא ל"ח ב): אֵין אָדָם נוֹגֵעַ בַּמּוּכָן לַחֲבֵרוֹ אֲפִלּוּ כִּמְלֹא נִימָא. וּכְבָר הָיָה אָדָם יָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּבָטֵל וְהַגְּזֵרָה הָיְתָה מִתְקַיֶּמֶת, אִם לֹא שֶׁקָּדַם הַקְּנָס לְכָל בְּנֵי אָדָם, (בראשית ג:יט): בְּזֵעַת אַפֶּךָ תֹּאכַל לֶחֶם, אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן חַיָּב אָדָם לְהִשְׁתַּדֵּל אֵיזֶה הִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת לְצֹרֶךְ פַּרְנָסָתוֹ, שֶׁכֵּן גָּזַר הַמֶּלֶךְ הָעֶלְיוֹן. וַהֲרֵי זֶה כְּמַס שֶׁפּוֹרֵעַ כָּל הַמִּין הָאֱנוֹשִׁי אֲשֶׁר אֵין לְהִמָּלֵט מִמֶּנּוּ. עַל כֵּן אָמְרוּ (ספרי): יָכוֹל אֲפִלּוּ יוֹשֵׁב וּבָטֵל (יראה סימן ברכה) תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: בְּכָל מִשְׁלַח יָדְךָ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה (דברים כח:כ). אַךְ לֹא שֶׁהַהִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת הוּא הַמּוֹעִיל, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַהִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת מֻכְרָח, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִשְׁתַּדֵּל הֲרֵי יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ, וּכְבָר יֵשׁ מָקוֹם לְבִרְכַּת שָׁמַיִם שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה עָלָיו וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבַלּוֹת יָמָיו בַּחֲרִיצוּת וְהִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת, הוּא מָה שֶׁאָמַר דָּוִד הַמֶּלֶךְ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם (תהלים עה:ז-ח): כִּי לֹא מִמּוֹצָא וּמִמַּעֲרָב וְלֹא וְגוֹ', כִּי אֱלֹהִים שׁוֹפֵט וְגוֹ' וּשְׁלֹמֹה הַמֶּלֶךְ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם אָמַר (משלי כג:ד): אַל תִּיגַע לְהַעֲשִׁיר מִבִּינָתְךָ חֲדָל. אֶלָּא הַדֶּרֶךְ הָאֲמִתִּי הוּא דַּרְכָּם שֶׁל הַחֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, עוֹשִׂים תּוֹרָתָן עִקָּר וּמְלַאכְתָּן טְפֵלָה, וְזֶה וְזֶה נִתְקַיֵּם בְּיָדָם, כִּי כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָשָׂה אָדָם קְצָת מְלָאכָה, מִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא לִבְטֹחַ בְּקוֹנוֹ וְלֹא לְהִצְטַעֵר עַל שׁוּם דָּבָר עוֹלָמִי, אָז תִּשָּׁאֵר דַּעְתּוֹ פְּנוּיָה וְלִבּוֹ מוּכָן לַחֲסִידוּת הָאֲמִתִּי וְלָעֲבוֹדָה הַתְּמִימָה.

However, that which can protect a person and save him from these detriments is trust in G-d. Namely, that a person casts his burden entirely upon G-d, knowing that it is certainly impossible for a man to lack what was designated for him, as our sages taught: "all of a person's sustenance [for the year] is fixed for him from Rosh Hashana [to Yom Kippur]" (Beitzah 16a). Likewise, they said: "no man can touch what was prepared for his fellow even to the extent of a hair's breadth" (Yomah 38b). A person could have sat idle and the decree would have been fulfilled (his designated portion would have come to him), had it not been preceded by the fine imposed on every human being: "by the sweat of your brow shall you eat bread" (Gen.3:19), whereby a person is required to make some effort for obtaining his livelihood, for thus the exalted King decreed. This is like a tax imposed on the human race which one cannot escape from paying. Therefore, our sages, of blessed memory, said (Sifri 15:18): "I might think one can sit idle, but scripture says (Devarim 28:20): 'in all that you set your hand to do' ". Only that it is not the efforts (hishtadlut) that help. Rather, the efforts are necessary, but once one has put in some effort, he has already discharged his obligation and there is place for the blessing of Heaven to rest upon him, and he need not consume his days in exertion and labor. This is what king David said: "For not from the east or from the west, nor from... but it is G-d who executes judgment, [putting down one and lifting up another]" (Tehilim 75:7-8), and king Shlomo said: "Do not weary yourself to grow rich; cease applying your understanding" (Mishlei 23:4). Rather, the true path is that of the "early Pious ones", who made their Torah primary and their work secondary, and succeeded in both (Berachot 35b). For once a man does a little work, from then on, he need only trust in his Master, and not be distressed by any worldly matters. Then his mind will be free and his heart ready for true Chasidut and perfect divine service.

Source 8 · Hasidic
Verified

Tzava'at HaRivash — Testament of the Baal Shem Tov

Tzava'at HaRivash 1:1

The Baal Shem Tov's teachings emphasize that a person should minimize excessive worry about livelihood, since anxiety itself indicates a lack of faith. Trust in God (bitachon) is presented as not merely an ideal but a practical approach that transforms one's inner state and ultimately draws divine blessing.

להיות תמים בעבודתו יתברך עבודה תמה ועיקר שלא לשכוח הדברים. ועיקר ללמוד בכל יום שיעור מוסר הן רב הן מעט.

Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem, peace be upon him, taught us to be wholehearted in our service of HaShem, blessed is He and to serve Him with simplicity. Of primary importance is not to forget the Commandments we received directly from HaShem at Chorev (Aseret HaDvarim-עשרת הדברים), and to study teachings of Mussar, that deal with developing good character traits and right conduct, on a daily basis, whether one studies a little or a lot.

Source 9 · Hasidic
Verified

Toldot Yaakov Yosef — Parashat Beshalach

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Beshalach

The Toldot discusses the splitting of the sea as a paradigm: Nachshon jumped in (hishtadlut) and only then did the miracle occur. This models the Chassidic teaching that human initiative is required to 'open the door' for divine assistance, but the real salvation is God's.

ולי הפעוט נראה לפרש מוסר פשוטי לאנשים פשוטים כערכי, ויש לפרש בב' פנים, כי שמעתי מורי אמר משל אחד, בב' סוגי בני אדם שהלכו בדרך סכנה מקום גדודי לסטים, אחד הי' שיכור ולא הרגיש בגזלת הגזלנים, מה שאין כן השני הרגיש והזהיר אחרים בדרך ההוא, או לסבבו, או שיקח שמירה כיוצא בזה ע"כ. סוג ב' הנהגתו למעלה מהטבע, בזה אמרו לוו עלי ואני פורע.

And it seems to me that it is known what the rabbis said (Sotah 31a) "in all their troubles He is troubled" (Isaiah 63:9) is written and the reading is with an alef [making in all their troubles He was not troubled." And a sage and smart person will pay attention and understand that suffering for a human being is a suffering for the Shechinah, as it is written (Sanhedrin 6:5) "My head hurts My arm hurts", and so the person will pray over the distress of the Shechinah, and immediately the distress of the human will pass, and this is what [I say] if a person understands that in all their sufferings God suffers, then there is no suffering.

Source 10 · Hasidic
Verified

Noam Elimelech — Parashat Lech Lecha

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Lech Lecha

R. Elimelech of Lizhensk teaches on Avraham's journey that lech lecha — leaving all material security — is the model of bitachon: one must be willing to uproot oneself from natural dependencies and follow God, trusting fully in divine provision.

וזהו "גול על ה׳ דרכך", פירושו ג"כ כנ"ל, כי "גול" הוא לשון התגלות, שתגלה "דרכך" ומדותיך, שתסתכל בהם ותראה שיהיו כולם "לה'", "ובטח עליו", פירוש מה שהאדם מסתכל ברוממות אל זה נקרא 'בטחון', "והוא יעשה", פירוש ואז יעשה לך השי"ת ב"ה עשיות חדשות מה שלא ראית מעולם ולא הבנת מעולם, "והוציא כאור צדקך". רק יעבוד השי"ת באמת והבא לטהר מסייעין לו מן השמים, רק לחשוב שהשי"ת עושה לו כל זאת שמסייע לו. וזהו "לך לך מארצך כו׳", פירוש שלא תשגיח על ארצך ועל בית אביך, ותלך לשרשך "אל הארץ" העליונה, "אשר אראך" ר"ל כנ"ל, שלא תחשוב רק שאני מראה אותך כל זאת, שהכל הוא מהבורא יתברך.

And "honey and milk under your tongue" is a hint to the third level, that all one's deeds are like honey and are splendid for all people. And this is "from your land [artzecha], to bring them only to holiness. "And from your birthplace" meaning, a person who behaves with disgusting traits then from that person come evil results, God forbid, since a trait gives birth to another similar trait, through "a transgression brings about a transgression" - and this is "from your birthplace". "And from the house of your father", meaning sometimes certain traits get imprinted in a person according to the environment that happens to the person, from the parental forces that insert those traits into the person.

Source 11 · Modern
Verified

Nefesh HaChayim

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate I 1:4

Rav Chaim of Volozhin teaches that human actions genuinely affect higher spiritual worlds, grounding hishtadlut in a theologically significant framework — man is not passive but is a co-actor with God. This provides a counterweight to quietist readings of bitachon.

וכן עד"ז הוא ענין מלת צלם. כי המה דומים במשמעם בצד מה:

And so this is what is meant by tzellem: that the one resembles the other in some fashion.

Source 12 · Modern
Verified

Ohr Yisrael — Letter of Rav Yisrael Salanter

Ohr Yisrael, Iggeret HaMusar

Rav Yisrael Salanter emphasizes that a person must apply vigorous effort in both spiritual and material endeavors; over-reliance on miraculous divine intervention without effort is itself a spiritual failing. Trust in God must be paired with energetic self-improvement and action.

וְהִנֵּה בִּשְׁנֵי הַצְּדָדִים, יֶשְׁנוֹ בָּאָדָם גַּשְׁמִי וְרוּחָנִי, כְּעִנְיַן בְּרִיאַת הָאָדָם עַצְמוֹ גּוּפָנִי וְנַפְשִׁי. הַגּוּפָנִי נִרְאֶה לְעֵין בָּשָׂר, וְהַנַּפְשִׁי נוֹדַע מִפְּעֻלּוֹת וְעִנְיְנֵי הַגּוּף. תַּחְבּוּלוֹת הָאָדָם וּמְזִמּוֹתָיו לְהַחֲזִיק הַנֶּפֶשׁ בַּגּוּף, הֵמָּה רַק בַּגּוּף לְבַדּוֹ, לְתָמְכוֹ בַּאֲכִילוֹת טוֹבוֹת וּבִשְׁמִירוֹת מְעֻלּוֹת מִכָּל נֶזֶק וּפֶגַע רַע, וּבָזֶה יְשַׁמֵּר נַפְשׁוֹ בְּגוּפוֹ, אֵין מָבוֹא בַּטִּבְעִי (עַל פִּי רוּחָנִיּוּת, לְפִי הָאֱמֶת, עִקַּר שְׁמִירַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ בַּגוּף תָּלוּי רַק בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, לְפִי עֲבוֹדָתָם לְבוֹרְאָהּ יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ). לַעֲשׂוֹת תַּחְבּוּלָה בַּנֶּפֶשׁ לְהַחֲזִיקָהּ בַּגּוּף. כִּי אֵין רוֹאֶה וְאֵין מַרְגִּישָׁהּ לְבַדָּהּ, וּמַה יַּעֲשֶׂה בָּהּ: כֵּן בַּעֲבוֹדַת ה' יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ, עִקַּר הַתַּחְבּוּלָה לְהַחֲזִיק אֶת הַיֵּצֶר טוֹב לְפִי שְׁתֵּי הַשִּׁיטוֹת. הֱיוֹתוֹ כֹּחַ הַקְּדֻשָּׁה וְהַשֵּׂכֶל הַנָּכוֹן (אֲשֶׁר לֹא נִתְקַלְקֵל), וְלִדְחוֹת אֶת הַיֵּצֶר הָרָע הוּא כֹּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה וְהַתַּאֲוָה. תָּלוּי בַּבְּחִינָה הַגּוּפָנִית, לְהַאֲכִילֵהוּ מַאֲכָלִים טוֹבִים, הֵמָּה הִתְבּוֹנְנוּת הַיִּרְאָה וְהַמּוּסָר הַנּוֹבְעִים מֵהַתּוֹרָה הַטְּהוֹרָה:

According to both views, every person has physical and spiritual aspects, just as the actual creation of the human being was both physical and spiritual. The physical aspect is visible to carnal eyes, and the spiritual is discerned through the actions and involvements of the body. The strategies and ploys by which a person keeps the soul in the body are only done with the body – sustaining it by eating good foods and with strong protections against all damage or harm. He thus keeps his soul in his body. There is no natural way (although by spiritual standards, in truth, keeping the soul in the body hinges only on the soul, on its service to its Creator, blessed be His name) to perform any operation on the soul to keep it in the body, for no one can see or sense it on its own, so what can he do with it? So it is with the service of God, blessed be His name. The main strategy to support the good urge according to both views – that it is the force of sanctity and proper reason (that has not been corrupted) – and to push away the evil urge – the force of impurity and lust – hinges on the physical aspect. It must be fed good foods, namely, contemplation of reverence and Mussar that emanate from the pure Torah.