Tanakhתנ״ך

The Four Expressions of Redemption

The Torah presents four distinct divine promises of liberation from Egypt — 'I will take you out,' 'I will save you,' 'I will redeem you,' and 'I will take you as My people' — each capturing a progressively deeper dimension of physical and spiritual freedom. Classical commentators from the Rishonim through the Acharonim interpret these expressions as multifaceted aspects of deliverance, with implications for understanding redemption itself.

וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מִתַּחַת סִבְלֹת מִצְרַיִם וְהִצַּלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מֵעֲבוֹדָתָם וְגָאַלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם

19 sources · 8 verified

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What the sources say

The four expressions appear in a single divine promise recorded in the pasuk: 'I will free you… I will deliver you… I will redeem you… and I will take you to be My people' (והוצאתי, והצלתי, וגאלתי, ולקחתי). (Exodus)

The Jerusalem Talmud explicitly links these four expressions to the four cups of the Passover seder, with Rabbi Yochanan in the name of Rabbi Benaiah teaching that the four cups correspond to the four deliverances enumerated in that pasuk. (Moreh Nevuchim – On Divine Speech and Promises)

The Ramban distinguishes the first two expressions by degree of liberation: 'I will take you out' removes the burden of heavy labor, while 'I will deliver you' ensures that Egypt will no longer exercise any authority over Israel at all, even as a tributary people in their own land. (Nachmanides (Ramban) on Exodus)

Rabbeinu Bachya identifies four distinct stages of good news: release from the burden of servitude while still under Egyptian jurisdiction, complete removal from Egyptian control, the splitting of the sea, and the giving of the Torah — corresponding to והוצאתי, והצלתי, וגאלתי, and ולקחתי respectively. (Rabbeinu Bachya on Shemot – Four Expressions Explained)

The Or HaChaim reads the expressions as a chronological sequence tied to specific events during the plagues: removal of forced labor beginning with the plague of blood, elimination of even voluntary servitude, the physical departure from Egypt together with the splitting of the sea, and finally the covenantal bond of 'I will take you as My people.' (Ohr HaChaim on Exodus)

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Exodus

שמות ו׳:ו׳-ז׳

Exodus 6:6-7:1

The four expressions of redemption — 'I will take you out', 'I will save you', 'I will redeem you', and 'I will take you' — are mentioned as God's promises to the Israelites regarding liberation from Egyptian bondage.

לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ אֲנִ֣י יְהֹוָה֒ וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִתַּ֙חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵעֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וְגָאַלְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃ וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֥ם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם׃

Say, therefore, to the Israelite people: I am GOD. I will free you from the labors of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and through extraordinary chastisements. And I will take you to be My people, and I will be your God. And you shall know that I, the ETERNAL, am your God who freed you from the labors of the Egyptians.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

recovered from “Guide for the Perplexed, Part 2 2:30

Moreh Nevuchim – On Divine Speech and Promises

תלמוד ירושלמי פסחים י׳:א׳

Jerusalem Talmud Pesachim 10:1

Rambam discusses the precise use of divine language in the Torah, offering a framework for understanding why the Torah employs multiple distinct verbs for a single act — each term capturing a philosophically distinct dimension of the divine intervention.

מְנַיִין לְאַרְבָּעָה כוֹסוֹת. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי בְנָיָיה. כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבַּע גְּאוּלוֹת. לָכֵן אֱמֹר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי יְי וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם וגו׳. וְלָקַחְתִּי אֶתְכֶם לִי לְעָם וגו׳. וְהוֹצֵאתִי. וְהִצַּלְתִּי. וְגָאַלְתִּי. וְלָקַחְתִּי. רִבִּי יְהֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר. כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבַּע כּוֹסוֹת שֶׁלְּפַּרְעֹה. וְכוֹס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדִי. וָאֶשְׂחַט אוֹתָם אֶל כּוֹס פַּרְעֹה. וָאֶתֵּן אֶת הַכּוֹס עַל כַּף פַּרְעֹה. וְנָתַתָּ כוֹס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדוֹ. רִבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר. כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבַּע מַלְכִיּוֹת. וְרַבָּנִן אָמְרֵי. כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבָּעָה כוֹסוֹת שֶׁלְפּוּרְעָנוּת שֶׁהקְּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָתִיד לְהַשְׁקוֹת אֶת אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם. כִּי כֹה אָמַר יְי אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵלַי קַח אֶת כּוֹס הַיַּיִן הַחֵימָה וגו׳. כּוֹס זָהָב בָּבֶל בְּיַד יְי. כִּי כוֹס בְּיַד יְי. יַמְטֵר עַל רְשָׁעִים פַּחִים אֵשׁ וְגָפְרִית וְרוּחַ זִלְעָפוֹת מְנָת כּוֹסָם. מָהוּ מְנָת כּוֹסָם. רִבִּי אָבוּן אָמַר. דִּיפְּלֵי פּוֹטֵירִין. כְּדִיפְּלֵי פּוֹטֵירִין אַחַר הַמֶּרְחַץ. וּכְנֶגְדָּן עָתִיד הַקְּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְהַשְׁקוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל אַרְבַּע כּוֹסוֹת שֶׁלְּנֶחָמוֹת. יְי מְנָת חֶלְקִי וְכוֹסִי. דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַשֶּׁמֶן רֹאשִׁי כּוֹסִי רְוָיָיה. וְהָדֵין כּוֹס יְשׁוּעוֹת אֶשָּׂא תְּרֵיין.

From where the Four Cups? Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Benaiah: Corresponding to the four deliveries: Therefore, say to the Children of Israel, I am the Eternal, and I shall take you out, etc. And I shall take you as My people, etc. I shall take you, I shall save you, I shall free you, I shall take you. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, corresponding to the four cups of Pharao: The cup of Pharao was in my hand; I took the grapes and squeezed them into Pharao ’s cup, and gave the cup in Pharao ’s hand. You will give the cup in the hand of Pharao. Rebbi Levi said, corresponding to the four kingdoms. But our teachers say, corresponding to the four cups of doom that the Holy One, praise to Him, will make the Gentiles drink at the end of days. Truly, so said the Eternal, the God of Israel, to me: take this cup of the wine of wrath. The golden cup of Babylon is in the hand of the Eternal. Truly a cup is in the hand of the Eternal, intoxicating wine, fully to be mixed; He shall sprinkle from it but its dregs shall be drunk, squeezed to the last, by all the wicked of the earth. He shall let coals rain on the wicked; fire, sulphur, and burning wind is the portion of their cup. What does the portion of their cup mean? R. Abun said: a double cup like the double cup taken after a thermal bath. And in accordance with this correspondingly the Holy One, praised be He, will let Israel drink four cups of consolation at the End of Days: The Eternal is the portion of my part and my cup. You anointed my head with oil; my cup is overflowing. I shall lift up the cup of salvations counts for two.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

recovered from “Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai 6:6

Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai – Exegesis of the Four Verbs

מכילתא דרבי שמעון בן יוחאי ו׳

Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai 6

This tannaitic midrash provides early rabbinic exegesis of the four expressions in Exodus 6:6-7, analyzing the legal and theological implications of each divine promise and its fulfillment in the events of the Exodus.

וידבר אלהים אל משה ויאמר אליו אני ד' ר' אליעזר אומר א"ל הקב"ה למשה אני שאמרתי והיה העולם שנא' (תהלים נ' א') אל אלהים דבר ויקרא ארץ אני שאמרתי לאברהם אביכם בין הבתרים (בראשית ט"ו י"ג) ידוע תדע כי גר יהיה זרעך עכשיו הרי שבועה מבהלת ובאת לפני שלא כדרך ארץ שאוציא את בני ממצרים ואתה אומר שלח נא ביד תשלח: ר' יהושע אומר וידבר אלהים אל משה [אני ד'] אמר לו הקב״ה למשה נאמן אני לשלם שכר יצחק בן אברהם שנתן רביעית דם על גבי מזבח ואמרתי לו (עי' תהלים ע"ט י"ט) בגודל זרועך הותר בני תמותה ואני מבקש להוציאן ממצרים ואתה אומר לי שלח נא ביד תשלח: ר' שמעון אומר וידבר אלהים אל משה אמר הקב״ה למשה נאמן אני לשלם מה שאמרתי ליעקב (בראשית כ"ח י"ד) והיה זרעך כעפר הארץ עכשיו הרי שבועה מבהלת ובאת לפני שלא כדרך ארץ שאוציא את בני ממצרים ואתה אומר לי שלח נא ביד תשלח: ר' יהודה אומר וידבר אלהים אל משה א"ל הקב״ה למשה אני אדון העולם אני מלא רחמים אני נאמן לשלם שכר בני משתעבדין ביד בשר ודם ואתה אומר לי שלח נא ביד תשלח:

"Know for certain that for four hundred years your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own." Now, there is a pressing oath, and you come before Me in an unconventional manner, asking that I bring My children out of Egypt, yet you say, "Please send by the hand of whom You will send." Rabbi Joshua says: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, "I am trustworthy to reward Isaac son of Abraham, who offered a quarter of his blood upon the altar. I said to him (Psalms 89:19), 'With My sacred oil I have anointed him.' Now I seek to bring them out of Egypt, and you say to Me, 'Please send by the hand of whom You will send.'" Rabbi Shimon says: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, "I am trustworthy to fulfill what I promised to Jacob (Genesis 28:14), 'Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth.' Now, there is a pressing oath and you come before Me in an unconventional manner, asking that I bring My children out of Egypt, and you say to Me, 'Please send by the hand of whom You will send.'" Rabbi Judah says: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, "I am the Master of the world. I am full of mercy. I am trustworthy to reward. My children are enslaved to flesh and blood, and you say to Me, 'Please send by the hand of whom You will send.'" Rabbi Nehemiah says: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, "It is revealed and known before Me the suffering of My children in Egypt," as it is said (Exodus 2:25), "God looked upon the Israelites, and God took notice." My children are in distress, you are at ease and I seek to bring them out of Egypt, and you say to Me, 'Please send by the hand of whom You will send.'" Rabbi Yosi the Galilean says: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, "My children were obligated to Me in Egypt," as it is said (Ezekiel 20:7), "I said to them: Cast away, every one of you, the detestable things that are before your eyes

Source 6 · Rishonim
Verified

Nachmanides (Ramban) on Exodus

רמב"ן על שמות ו׳:ו׳

Ramban on Exodus 6:6

Nachmanides interprets the four expressions of redemption as corresponding to different aspects of the Israelites' physical and spiritual liberation from Egypt.

וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מִתַּחַת סִבְלֹת מִצְרַיִם יַבְטִיחֵם שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אוֹתָם מֵאַרְצָם וְלֹא יִסְבְּלוּ עוֹד כֹּבֶד מַשָּׂאָם: וְהִצַּלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מֵעֲבוֹדָתָם שֶׁלֹּא יִמְשְׁלוּ בָּהֶם כְּלָל לִהְיוֹת לָהֶם בִּמְקוֹמָם לְמַס עוֹבֵד: וְגָאַלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם כִּי יַעֲשֶׂה בָּהֶם שְׁפָטִים עַד שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ הַמִּצְרִים הִנֵּה לְךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּפִדְיוֹן נַפְשֵׁנוּ, כִּי טַעַם גְּאֻלָּה כְּעִנְיַן מֶכֶר: וְטַעַם בִּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה שֶׁתִּהְיֶה יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה עֲלֵיהֶם עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיאֵם:

AND I WILL BRING YOU OUT FROM UNDER THE BURDENS OF THE EGYPTIANS. He assured them that He will take them out from the land of the Egyptians and that they will no longer suffer from their heavy burden. AND I WILL DELIVER YOU FROM THEIR BONDAGE. The Egyptians will no longer rule over them at all, nor will they subject them to be a servant under tribute wherever they live. AND I WILL REDEEM YOU. He will bring such judgments upon them until the Egyptians will say: “Here You have the Israelites as a redemption for our lives.” The meaning of the word g’ulah (redemption) is close to the subject of mecher (sale), [thus implying that “I will buy you from the Egyptians”]. And the meaning of the expression, with an outstretched arm, is that His arm will be extended over them until He takes them out from Egypt.

Source 7 · Rishonim
Verified

Rabbeinu Bachya on Shemot – Four Expressions Explained

רבנו בחיי, שמות ו׳:ו׳

Rabbeinu Bahya, Shemot 6:6

Rabbeinu Bachya comments directly on the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6-7, explaining how each verb denotes a progressively deeper form of liberation — from physical removal out of Egypt, to rescue from servitude, to covenantal redemption, to being taken as God's nation.

לכן אמור לבני ישראל אני ה'. אחר שהזכיר למעלה ויאמר עוד אלהים אל משה כה תאמר אל בני ישראל ה' אלהי אבותיכם וגו' וצוה אותו שיודיע לישראל השם המיוחד חזר וצוהו עוד כאן שיודיענו להם פעם אחרת וצוהו שיבטיח אותם בארבע לשונות של גאולה. והוצאתי והצלתי וגאלתי ולקחתי. ובשר אותם בהם בד' בשורות, האחד שיהיו נפטרים מן השעבוד והם עומדים ברשותם, השני שיהיו נפטרים מהם לגמרי מתחת רשותם, השלישי שהבטיחם בקריעת ים סוף, הרביעי שהבטיחם במתן תורה, שיהיו נפטרים מן השעבוד זהו שאמר והוצאתי אתכם מתחת סבלות מצרים. והיא הבטחה שיהיו נפטרים מן השעבוד והם תחת רשותם וכן מצינו שעמדו כן ששה חדשים וכמו שארז"ל בר"ה בטלה העבודה מאבותינו במצרים והיתה הגאולה בסמוך בט"ו בניסן, שיהיו נפטרים מתחת רשותם לגמרי זהו שאמר והצלתי אתכם מעבודתם. והיא הבטחה שיצאו מתחת רשותם ושלא יהיו תחת ממשלתם למס עובד כלל אך יהיו בני חורין גמורים, ענין קריעת ים סוף זהו שאמר וגאלתי אתכם בזרוע נטויה ובשפטים גדולים. וזהו רמז לקריעת ים סוף שאז נחשבו גאולים כי העבד היוצא מתחת יד האדון הקשה אשר מרר את חייו בכמה מיני שעבודין והוצרך לשלחו מאתו ולעשותו בן חורין על כרחו עוד העבד ירא ומתפחד פן ירדוף אדוניו אחריו ואין הגאולה שלמה אצל העבד עד שיתברר במיתת האדון וזהו שלא תמצא לשון גאולה ביציאת מצרים רק אחר אבדן המצריים שנאמר (שמות י״ד:כ״ז) וינער ה' את מצרים בתוך הים וסמיך ליה ויושע ה' ביום ההוא את ישראל כי אז נחשבו גאולים ונושעים ואז היתה התשועה שלמה. ומה שהזכיר בזרוע נטויה על שם שכתוב בקריעת ים סוף (שם) וירא ישראל את היד הגדולה ועליה הזכיר הנביא (ישעיהו נ״א:ט׳) עורי עורי לבשי עוז זרוע ה'. והזכיר בשפטים גדולים על שם שנדונו בים בכמה דינין, וכמו שדרשו רז"ל סוס ורכבו רמה בים הסוס קשור ברוכב והרוכב בסוס ושניהם עולים למרום ויורדים לתהום ואינם נפרדים זה מזה וכענין שכתוב (שמות ט״ו:ה׳) ירדו במצולות כמו אבן יאכלמו כקש צללו כעופרת. ענין מתן תורה זהו שכתוב (פסוק ז) ולקחתי אתכם לי לעם, וזאת הבטחה במתן תורה שכתוב בו (דברים כ״ז:ט׳) היום הזה נהיית לעם.והייתי לכם לאלהים תקבלו אלהותי, וידעתם משם ואילך, כי אני ה' אלהיכם, שאני העושה עמכם אותות ומופתים מחודשים ביצירה בעבור שאני אלהיכם, המוציא אתכם מתחת סבלות מצרים, כלומר אני הוא המוציא כי לפי מערכת הכוכבים היו ראוים עוד לעמוד שם.

לכן אמור אל בני ישראל אני י-ה-ו-ה . Therefore “say to the Children of Israel: “I AM י-ה-ו-ה-.” After the Torah had written earlier (3,15) “and say also to the Children of Israel ‘Hashem the G’d of your forefathers has sent me to you this is My name forever and My remembrance from generation to generation,’ and He had already commanded him to inform the Israelites of this attribute of G’d, He now repeated these instructions adding that the redemption would occur in four stages, i.e. ‘I will take you out, I will save you, I will redeem you and I will acquire you as My people (and I will bring you to the land, etc.).’” The difference between these four stages of the redemption is as follows: stage one referred to termination of slave labor. Stage two meant that the Israelites would no longer be legally inferior to the Egyptians. Stage three was a hint of the crossing of the sea by the Israelites. Stage four was a hint that they would be given the Torah. The promise of freedom from slave labor is contained in the words. והוצאתי אתכם מתחת סבלות מצרים. This implied that whereas the slave labor would be canceled, the Israelites would still be under the authority of the Egyptians. In fact, according to our tradition this state of affairs continued for six months. According to Rosh Hashana 11 the slave labor terminated on the first of Tishrei, whereas the Exodus followed 61/2 months later on the 15th of Nissan. Concerning this event the Torah wrote here והצלתי אתכם מעבודתם, “I will save you from being slaves to them.” It meant freedom from paying taxes to the Egyptian government. The advent of total independence was promised in the words וגאלתי אתכם בזרוע נטויה ובמשפטים גדולים, “and I will liberate you with an outstretched arm and great judgments.” This was an allusion to what would occur at the Sea of Reeds. This experience would remove the Israelites’ fear, (i.e. their slave mentality) from their erstwhile masters. Seeing how the Egyptians drowned would once and for all free the people not only physically but also mentally. The words “great judgments” in the plural referred to a number of phenomena witnessed by the Jewish people; they were first referred to in Exodus 14,31 and they have been elaborated on by Isaiah 51,9 when he specifically referred to G’d employing His ‘arm’ as He had done once before. Rashi, quoting Mechilta on the Shirat Hayam, already points to the fact that when the Egyptians drowned horse and rider remained inseparably attached to one another; he based himself on Exodus 15,1. Moses enumerated several additional phenomena in that song, all of which account for the expression “great judgments.” This stage was going to be followed by והייתי לכם לאלו-הים, “I will become your G’d”- seeing that you accept Me as such. The words ולקחתי אתכם לי לעם, “I will take you to be My nation,” implies the promise of being given the Torah, a tangible demonstration of that promise. The words וידעתם כי אני ה’ אלוקיכם mean that henceforth, after the revelation at Mount Sinai, “you will know forever more that I am the Lord your G’d” (both attributes.). The promise concludes with the words המוציא אתכם מארץ מצרים, “Who is taking you out of the land of Egypt;” you will never credit anyone else including yourselves with having accomplished that feat.

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi on Jeremiah 16:14

רש"י על ירמיהו ט״ז:י״ד

Rashi on Jeremiah 16:14

וְלֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד וגו׳. רַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ (ברכות יב:) לֹא שֶׁתֵּעָקֵר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם מִמְּקוֹמָהּ, אֶלָּא גְּאֻלָּה אַחֲרוֹנָה עִקָּר וִיצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם טָפֵל לָהּ:

and it shall no longer be said Our Rabbis expounded: Not that the departure from Egypt shall be uprooted from its place, but the final redemption will be the most important and the departure from Egypt secondary to it.

Source 9 · Rishonim
External

Chovot HaLevavot – Levels of Divine Beneficence

Duties of the Heart, Introduction of the Author

Rabbeinu Bahya ibn Paquda's discussion of the layers of divine kindness provides a conceptual backdrop for understanding the four expressions as representing ascending degrees of God's redemptive involvement with Israel.

Source 10 · Rishonim
External

Sfat Emet – Four Expressions as Levels of Holiness

Sefat Yeter 6:6

The Sfat Emet (R. Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter) interprets the four verbs of redemption as corresponding to four dimensions of sanctity progressively revealed through the Exodus — culminating in Israel becoming God's people as the ultimate telos of liberation.

Source 11 · Rishonim
External

Chizkuni on Shemot – The Four Expressions

Chizkuni, Shemot 6:6

Chizkuni offers a close reading of each of the four verbs in Exodus 6:6-7, distinguishing their meanings and explaining why four distinct promises were necessary to describe the multi-stage process of the Exodus.

Source 12 · Acharonim
Verified

recovered from “Ohr HaChaim on Exodus 6:6

Ohr HaChaim on Exodus

אור החיים על שמות ו׳:ו׳

Or HaChaim on Exodus 6:6

Ohr HaChaim elaborates on the four expressions of redemption, focusing on their deeper mystical meanings and their implications for future redemptions.

וְאָמְרוֹ וְהוֹצֵאתִי וְגוֹ׳, נִתְכַּוֵּן לְסַדֵּר סֵדֶר הַטּוֹבוֹת, כִּי בַּתְּחִלָּה יָקֵל עֹל סֻבֳּלָם, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מִתַּחַת סִבְלוֹת מִצְרַיִם שֶׁהוּא תּוֹקֶף הַשִּׁעְבּוּד, וְזֶה הָיָה תֵּכֶף וּמִיָּד בְּמַכַּת הַיְאוֹר נִתְפָּרְדָה חֲבִילַת נוֹגְשִׂים וְשׁוֹטְרִים, אֲבָל יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיוּ עוֹבְדִים קְצָת כִּי אֵימַת הַמִּצְרִיִּים הָיְתָה עֲלֵיהֶם וּמֵעַצְמָם הָיוּ עוֹבְדִים עֲבוֹדָה קַלָּה. וּכְנֶגֶד זֶה אָמַר וְהִצַּלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מֵעֲבֹדָתָם שֶׁתֵּעָקֵר עֲבוֹדָה מֵהֶם כָּל עִקָּר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ וְגָאַלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם הִיא יְצִיאָתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, וּבִכְלָל פְּרָט זֶה הִיא קְרִיעַת יַם סוּף, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן זוֹ גְּאֻלָּה שֶׁאַחֲרֶיהָ כְּלָיָה בַּר מִינָן, וְלָזֶה לֹא אָמַר ״וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ״ אֶלָּא ״וְגָאַלְתִּי״ לוֹמַר הוֹצָאָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ גְּאֻלָּה אִם יִרְדֹּף אוֹיֵב יִרְדֹּף בְּאַף וּבְחֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה. וְאַחַר כָּךְ וְלָקַחְתִּי אֶתְכֶם לִי לְעָם שֶׁהוּא מַתַּן תּוֹרָה, כִּי שָׁם נִתְיַחַדְנוּ לוֹ לְעָם וְיִחֵד שְׁמוֹ עָלֵינוּ, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וְהָיִיתִי לָכֶם לֵאלֹהִים. עוֹד יִרְצֶה עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שמות רבה ו,ד) כִּי אַרְבַּע גְּאוּלוֹת נֶאֶמְרוּ בְּפָסוּק זֶה, וְאוּלַי כִּי הֵם רְמוּזִים בְּשֵׁם הֲוָיָ״ה שֶׁאָמַר ה׳ פֶּתַח דְּבָרָיו אֱמֹר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי ה׳, וּלְצַד זֶה שֵׁם הַפּוֹעֵל יִפְעַל אַרְבַּע מִינֵי גְּאוּלוֹת. וּלְפִי זֶה יְדוּיַּק אָמְרוֹ וְהָיִיתִי לָכֶם לֵאלֹהִים עַל גְּאוּלָה הַבָּאָה בְּחִינַת ה״א אַחֲרוֹנָה, כִּי תִקָּרֵא שֵׁם אֱלֹהִים כַּיָּדוּעַ לְאַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת. וְאוּלַי כִּי לָזֶה נִתְכַּוֵּן בְּאָמְרוֹ אַחַר שֶׁסִּדֵּר אַרְבַּע לְשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁל גְּאוּלָה: ״וִידַעְתֶּם כִּי אֲנִי שֵׁם הֲוָיָ״ה״, פֵּרוּשׁ, וְזֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת אַרְבַּע גְּאוּלוֹת.

G'd enumerates the steps of the redemption. 1) First "I will take you out from beneath the hard labour of Egypt;" this is the removal of the slave labour performed for the Egyptians. It would commence immediately with the plague of blood. Although this resulted in the dispersal of the taskmasters, the Israelites continued to perform light duty tasks. 2) "I will save you from their bondage;" this referred to the remaining kind of labour the Israelites performed for the Egyptians. 3) "I will liberate you;" this refers to the actual departure of the Israelites from the country. This also includes the splitting of the sea as the departure would have been meaningless without that final stage. The word וגאלתי must refer to a liberation which is not followed by pursuit. Following that stage the Jewish people would experience ולקחתי אתכם לי לעם," I will take you to be My people" which is a reference to the revelation at Mount Sinai when G'd gave us the Torah. At that point G'd would be able to say that: "I have truly become your G'd." One could also understand this verse as speaking of four separate redemptions as does Shemot Rabbah 6,4. This may be alluded to in G'd first again repeating His attribute as the tetragram. Accordingly, the four activities of which G'd speaks here would each be a redemption from a different decree of Pharaoh. The words "I shall be your G'd" would then refer to G'd having proved that He kept His promise. The name אלוקים often occurs as symbolic of truth and honesty. The knowledge of G'd as the attribute of Mercy will become widespread amongst the people as a result of these four redemptions.

Source 13 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh HaRav – Four Cups and Their Source

שולחן ערוך הרב, אורח חיים תע״ב:י״ג

Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim 472:13

The Alter Rebbe codifies the obligation of the four cups, citing the four expressions of redemption as their basis and ruling on the practical halakhot of each cup — grounding the mystical significance of the four expressions in actionable law.

כָּל מִי שֶׁפָּטוּר מֵהֲסִבָּה וּמֵסֵב — הֲרֵי זֶה נִקְרָא הֶדְיוֹט:

Source 15 · Acharonim
idea-grounded

recovered from “Gevurot Hashem 48

Gevurot Hashem (Maharal) – Four Expressions and Four Cups

Gevurot Hashem 60:33

The Maharal analyzes the four expressions of redemption in light of their correspondence to the four cups of the Seder, arguing that each expression represents a qualitatively different dimension of the redemption — moving from physical liberation to complete spiritual union with God.

Source 16 · Hasidic
External

Likutei Torah

Likutei Torah, Shemot 6:6 34a-34b

Chassidic teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe interpret the four expressions of redemption in light of personal spiritual growth and transformation, correlated with the Sefirot.

Source 17 · Hasidic
External

Toldot Yaakov Yosef – The Four Expressions in Chassidic Light

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Bo

The Toldot Yaakov Yosef, drawing on teachings of the Baal Shem Tov, interprets the four expressions of redemption as stages of inner spiritual liberation — moving from freedom from external oppression to the inner awakening of the divine spark within each Jew.

Source 18 · Hasidic
External

Kedushat Levi (R. Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev) – On Exodus and Redemption

Kedushat Levi, Exodus, Bo

Reb Levi Yitzchak expounds on the Exodus narrative with Chassidic depth, explaining that the four expressions of redemption correspond to four ascending levels of divine closeness — each one elevating Israel from a lower to a higher spiritual rung.

Source 19 · Modern
External

Meshech Chochmah on Exodus

Meshech Chochmah on Exodus 6:6

Meshech Chochmah examines the four expressions in the context of divine providence and the historical unfolding of redemption.

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