Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi argues that just as the heart is the vital center of the body, Eretz Yisrael is the spiritual center of the world — prophecy, divine providence, and the fullest fulfillment of Torah are only achievable there, making it the ideal land for the Jewish people.
(יב) אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: כֵּן הַרְכֶם זֶה שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁמַּצְלִיחַ בּוֹ הַכֶּרֶם, אִלּוּ לֹא הָיוּ נוֹטְעִים בּוֹ הַגְּפָנִים וְעוֹבְדִים הָעֲבוֹדָה הָרְאוּיָה לָהֶם, לֹא הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה עֲנָבִים. וְהַמַּעֲלָה הַמְיֻחֶדֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה הִיא לָעָם שֶׁהוּא סְגֻלָּה וָלֵב כַּאֲשֶׁר זָכַרְתִּי, וְיֵשׁ לָאָרֶץ עֵזֶר בָּזֶה עִם הַמַּעֲשִׂים וְהַתּוֹרוֹת הַתְּלוּיוֹת בָּהּ אֲשֶׁר הֵם כָּעֲבוֹדָה לַכֶּרֶם, אֲבָל לֹא יִתָּכֵן לַסְּגֻלָּה הַזֹּאת לְהַגִּיעַ אֶל הָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי מִבַּלְעֲדֵי הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא יִתָּכֵן שֶׁיַּצְלִיחַ הַכֶּרֶם בְּבִלְעֲדֵי הָהָר הַזֶּה. (יד) אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: כָּל מִי שֶׁנִּתְנַבֵּא לֹא נִתְנַבֵּא כִּי אִם בָּהּ אוֹ בַעֲבוּרָהּ. הִנֵּה נִתְנַבֵּא אַבְרָהָם כְּדֵי שֶׁיַעֲבֹר בָּהּ, וִיחֶזְקֵאל וְדָנִיֵּאל בַּעֲבוּרָה, וּכְבָר הָיוּ נִמְצָאִים בְּבַיִת רִאשׁוֹן וְרָאוּ בוֹ הַשְּׁכִינָה אֲשֶׁר בְּהִמָּצְאָהּ הָיָה מַגִּיעַ לִנְבוּאָה כָּל הַמּוּכָן לָהּ מֵהַסְּגֻלָּה. אֲבָל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן – הִיא הָיְתָה אַדְמָתוֹ וּבָה מֵת כַּאֲשֶׁר קִבַּלְנוּ, כִּי בַמְּעָרָה אַרְבָּעָה זוּגוֹת: אָדָם וְחַוָּה אַבְרָהָם וְשָׂרָה יִצְחָק וְרִבְקָה יַעֲקֹב וְלֵאָה, וְהִיא הָאָרֶץ הַנִּקְרֵאת: לִפְנֵי ה', הַנֶּאֱמַר עָלֶיהָ: תָּמִיד עֵינֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בָּהּ, וְעָלֶיהָ נָפְלָה הַקִּנְאָה וְהַחֶמְדָּה בֵּין הֶבֶל וְקַיִן בַּתְּחִלָּה כְּשֶׁרָצוּ לָדַעַת, אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם הָרָצוּי לִהְיוֹת בִּמְקוֹם אָדָם וּסְגֻלָּתוֹ וְלִבּוֹ, לִנְחֹל אֶת הָאָרֶץ וּלְהִדָּבֵק בָּעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי, וְיִהְיֶה זוּלָתוֹ כַקְּלִפָּה, וְאֵרַע מַה שֶּׁאֵרַע מֵהֲרִיגַת הֶבֶל וְנִשְׁאַר הַמַּלְכוּת עֲרִירִי וְנֶאֱמַר: וַיֵּצֵא קַיִן מִלִּפְנֵי ה', רְצוֹנוֹ לוֹמַר: מֵהָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת שֶׁבָּהּ הָיוּ. וְכֵן נֶאֱמַר בְּיוֹנָה: וַיָּקָם יוֹנָה לִבְרֹחַ תַּרְשִׁישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵי ה', לֹא בָרַח כִּי אִם מִמְּקוֹם הַנְּבוּאָה, וְהֵשִׁיב אוֹתוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים אֵלֶיהָ מִמְּעֵי הַדָּגָה וְנִבָּא בָהּ. וְכַאֲשֶׁר נוֹלַד שֵׁת בִּדְמוּת אָדָם כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר: וַיּוֹלֶד בִּדְמוּתוֹ כְּצַלְמוֹ, הָיָה בִמְקוֹם הֶבֶל, כְּמוֹׁ שֶׁאָמַר: כִּי שָׁת לִי אֱלֹהִים זֶרַע אַחֵר תַּחַת הֶבֶל, וְהָיָה רָאוּי שֶׁיִּקָּרֵא בֶּן אֱלֹהִים כְּאָדָם, וְזָכָה לָאָרֶץ הַהִיא שֶׁהִיא מַדְרֵגָה לְמַטָּה מִגַּן עֵדֶן, וְעָלֶיהָ נִתְקַנְּאוּ יִצְחָק וְיִשְׁמָעֵאל וְנִדְחָה יִשְׁמָעֵאל כִּקְלִפָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: הִנֵּה בֵּרַכְתִּי אוֹתוֹ וְהִפְרֵיתִי אוֹתוֹ וגו' בַּטּוֹבָה הָעוֹלָמִית, וְנֶאֱמַר אַחַר כֵּן: וְאֶת בְּרִיתִי אָקִים אֶת יִצְחָק, רְצוֹנוֹ לוֹמַר: הִדָּבְקוֹ בָּעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי וְהַטּוֹבָה בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וְאֵין לְיִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּרִית וְלֹא לְעֵשָׂו וְאִם הִצְלִיחוּ. וְעַל הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת נָפְלָה הַקִּנְאָה בֵין יַעֲקֹב וְעֵשָׂו בַּבְּכוֹרָה וּבַבְּרָכָה, עַד שֶׁנִּדְחָה עֵשָׂו עִם חֶזְקָתוּ מִפְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב עִם חֻלְשָׁתוֹ. וּנְבוּאַת יִרְמְיָה בְמִצְרַיִם, בָּהּ וּבַעֲבוּרָהּ, וְכֵן נְבוּאַת מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּמִרְיָם; וְאָמְנָם סִינַי וָּפאָרן כֻּלָּם מִגְּבוּל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם מִן יַם־סוּף, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר יִתְבָּרָךְ: וְשַׁתִּי אֶת גְּבֻלְךָ מִיַּם־סוּף וְעַד־יָם פְּלִשְׁתִּים וּמִמִּדְבָּר עַד־הַנָּהָר, וּמִדְבָּר הוּא מִדְבָּר פָּארָן, וְהוּא הַנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: הַמִּדְבָּר הַגָּדוֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא, זֶה הוּא גְבוּלָה הַדְּרוֹמִי. וְהַנָּהָר הוּא נְהַר פְּרָת גְּבוּלָהּ הַצְּפוֹנִי. וּבָהֶם הַמִּזְבְּחוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לָאָבוֹת אֲשֶׁר נַעֲנוּ בָהֶם בָּאֵשׁ הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וְהָאוֹר הָאֱלֹהִי. וּכְבָר הָיְתָה עֲקֵדַת יִצְחָק אָבִינוּ בְהֵר שֶׁלֹא הָיָה בוֹ יִשּׁוּב הוּא הַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה, וְנִתְגַּלָּה הַדָּבָר בִּימֵי דַוִד כְּשֶׁהָיָה מְיֻשָּׁב, כִּי הוּא הַמָּקוֹם הַמְיֻחָד הַמּוּכָן לַשְּׁכִינָה, וַאֲרַוְנָה הַיְבוּסִי עוֹבֵד וְחוֹרֵשׁ בּוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִקְרָא אַבְרָהָם שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא ה' יִרְאֶה. וּבֵאֵר בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים כִּי בֵית הַמִּקְדָשׁ בָּנוּי בְּהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה, וְשָׁם מִבְּלִי סָפֵק הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁרְאוּיִים לְהִקָּרֵא שַׁעֲרֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם. הֲלֹא תִרְאֶה יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ, שֶׁלֹא תָלָה הַמַּרְאוֹת אֲשֶׁר רָאָה לֹא בִזְכוּת נַפְשׁוֹ וְלֹא בֶאֱמוּנָתוֹ וּבֹר לְבָבוֹ, אֲבָל תָּלָה אוֹתָם בַּמָּקוֹם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר: וַיִּירָא וַיֹּאמַר מַה־נּוֹרָא הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, וְעָלָיו אָמַר קֹדֶם לָזֶה: וַיִּפְגַּע בַּמָּקוֹם, רְצוֹנוֹ לוֹמַר: הַמָּקוֹם הַמְיֻחָד. וַהֲלֹא תִרְאֶה כִּי הָעְתַּק אַבְרָהָם מִאַרְצוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר הִצְלִיחַ וְהָיָה רָאוּי לְהִדָּבֵק בָּעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי, וְהָיָה לֵב הַסְּגֻלָּה הַהִיא, אֶל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ תִגָּמֵר הַשְׁלָמָתוֹ, כַּאֲשֶׁר יִמְצָא עוֹבֵד הָאֲדָמָה אִילָן "שֶׁפִּרְיוֹ טוֹב" בַּמִּדְבָּר וּמַעְתִּיקוֹ אֶל אֲדָמָה נֶעֱבֶדֶת, מִטִּבְעָהּ שֶׁיַצְלִיחַ בָּהּ הַשֹּׁרֶש הַהוּא, וּמְגַדְלוֹ שָׁם, וְיָשׁוּב פַּרְדֵּסִי אַחֵר שֶׁהָיָה מִדְבָּרִי וְיִרְבֶּה אַחֵר שֶׁלֹא הָיָה נִמְצָא אֶלָּא בְעֵת שֶׁיִזְדַּמֵּן וּבַמָּקוֹם שֶׁיִּזְדַּמֵּן. וְכֵן שָׁבָה הַנְּבוּאָה בְזַרְעוֹ בְאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, רַבּוּ אֲנָשֶׁיהָ כָּל יְמֵי עָמְדָם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, עִם הָעִנְיָנִים הָעוֹזְרִים מֵהַטְּהָרוֹת וְהָעֲבוֹדוֹת והַקָּרְבָּנוֹת, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּהִמָּצֵא הַשְּׁכִינָה. וְהָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי כְּמוֹ צוֹפֶה לְמִי שֶׁרָאוּי לְהִדָּבֵק בּוֹ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ לֵאלֹהִים – כְּמוֹ הַנְּבִיאִים וְהַחֲסִידִים, כַּאֲשֶׁר הַשֵּׂכֶל צוֹפֶה לְמִי שֶׁנִּשְׁלְמוּ טְבָעָיו וְנִשְׁתַּוּוּ נַפְשׁוֹ וּמִדּוֹתָיו שֶׁיָחוּל בּוֹ עַל הַשְּׁלֵמוּת – כַּפִּילוֹסוֹפִים, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁהַנֶּפֶשׁ צוֹפָה לְמִי שֶׁנִּשְׁלְמוּ כֹּחוֹתָיו הַטִּבְעִיִּים הַשְׁלָמָה מְזֻמֶּנֶת לְמַעֲלָה יְתֵרָה, וְתָחוּל בּוֹ – כְּבַעֲלֵי חַיִּים, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁהַטֶּבַע צוֹפֶה לַמֶּזֶג הַשָּׁוֶה בְאֵיכֻיּוֹתָיו, שֶׁיָּחוּל בּוֹ וְיִּהְיֶה צֶמַח.
12. The Rabbi: How about the hill on which you say that the vines thrive so well? If it had not been properly planted and cultivated, it would never produce grapes. Priority belongs, in the first instance, to the people which, as stated before, is the essence and kernel [of the nations]. In the second instance, it would belong to the country], on account of the religious acts connected with it, which I would compare to the cultivation of the vineyard. No other place would share the distinction of the divine influence, just as no other mountain might be able to produce good wine. 14. The Rabbi: Whosoever prophesied did so either in the [Holy] Land, or concerning it, viz. Abraham in order to reach it, Ezekiel and Daniel on account of it. The two latter had lived during the time of the first Temple, had seen the Shekhinah, through the influence of which each one who was duly prepared became of the elect, and able to prophesy. Adam lived and died in the land. Tradition tells us that in the cave [of Machpelāh] were buried the four pairs: Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebeccah, Jacob and Leah. This is the land which bore the name 'before the Lord,' and of which it is stated that 'the eyes of the Lord thy God are always upon it' (Deuteronomy 11:12). It was also the first object of jealousy and envy between Cain and Abel, when they desired to know which of them would be Adam's successor, and heir to his essence and intrinsic perfection; to inherit the land, and to stand in connexion with the divine influence, whilst the other would be a nonentity. Then Abel was killed by Cain, and the realm was without an heir. It is stated that 'Cain' went out of the presence of Lord (Genesis 4:16), which means that he left the land, saying: 'Behold, Thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth, and from Thy face shall I be hid' (Genesis 5:14). In the same way is it said: 'But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the Lord' (Jonah 1:3), but he only fled from the place of prophecy. God, however, brought him back there out of the belly of the fish, and appointed him prophet in the land. When Seth was born he was like Adam, as it is said: 'He begat in his own likeness, after his image' (Genesis 5:3), and took Abel's place, as it is said: For God has appointed me another seed, instead of Abel, whom Cain slew (Genesis 4:25). He merited the title: 'Son of God,' like Adam, and he had a claim on the land, which is the next step to paradise. The land was then the object of jealousy between Isaac and Ishmael, till the latter was rejected as worthless, although it was said concerning him: 'Behold, I have blessed him, and will multiply him exceedingly' (Genesis 17:20) in worldly prosperity; but immediately after it is said: 'My covenant will I establish with Isaac' (Genesis 17:21), which refers to his connexion with the divine influence and happiness in the world to come. Neither Ishmael nor Esau could boast of a covenant, although they were otherwise prosperous. Jealousy arose between Jacob and Esau for the birthright and blessing, but Esau was rejected in favour of Jacob, in spite of his strength and the latter's weakness. Jeremiah's prophecy concerning Egypt was uttered in Egypt itself. This was also the case with Moses, Aaron and Miriam. Sinai and Parān are reckoned as belonging to Palestine, because they are on this side of the Red Sea, as it is said: 'And I will set thy bounds from the Red Sea, even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river' (Exodus 23:31). The 'desert' is that of Parūn, 'that great and terrible wilderness' (Deuteronomy 1:19), being the southern border. 'The fourth river is Euphrates' (Genesis 2:14), designates the northern border, where there were the altars of the Patriarchs, who were answered by fire from heaven and the divine light. The 'binding' of Isaac took place on a desolate mountain, viz. Moriah. Not till the days of David, when it was inhabited, was the secret revealed that it was the place specially prepared for the Shekhinah. Araunah, the Jebusite, tilled his land there. Thus it is said: 'And Abraham called the name of the place, The Lord shall see, as it is said to this day, in the mount of the Lord it shall be seen' (Genesis 22:14). In the Book of the Chronicles it is stated more clearly that the Temple was built on mount Moriah. These are, without doubt, the places worthy of being called the gates of heaven. Dost thou not see that Jacob ascribed the vision which he saw, not to the purity of his soul, nor to his belief, nor to true integrity, but to the place, as it is said: 'How awful is this place' (Genesis 28:17). Prior to this it is said: 'And he lighted upon a certain place' (Genesis 28:11), viz. the chosen one. Was not Abraham also, and after having been greatly exalted, brought into contact with the divine influence, and made the heart of this essence, removed from his country to the place in which his perfection should become complete? Thus the agriculturer finds the root of a good tree in a desert place. He transplants it into properly tilled ground, to improve it and make it grow; to change it from a wild root into a cultivated one, from one which bore fruit by chance only to one which produced a luxuriant crop. In the same way the gift of prophecy was retained among Abraham's descendants in Palestine, the property of many as long as they remained in the land, and fulfilled the required conditions, viz. purity, worship, and sacrifices, and, above all, the reverence of the Shekhinah. For the divine influence, one might say, singles out him who appears worthy of being connected with it, such as prophets and pious men, and is their God. Reason chooses those whose natural gifts are perfect, viz. Philosophers and those whose souls and character are so harmonious that it can find its dwelling among them. The spirit of life, pure and simple, is to be found in beings which are endowed with ordinary primary faculties, and particularly adapted to higher vitality--viz. animals. Finally, organic life finds its habitat in a mixture of harmonious elements, and produces--plant.