Talmudתלמוד

Na'aseh Ve'nishma: Deed Before Understanding

Sources explore the meaning and significance of Israel's declaration at Sinai—'we will do and we will hear'—examining it from multiple perspectives: as an expression of unwavering commitment that precedes comprehension, as a reflection of Israel's essential spiritual nature, and as an ideal of self-nullification before divine will. The sources range from the biblical moment itself through rabbinic, philosophical, and Hasidic interpretations.

נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָֽע

5 sources · verified

Opens as a working sheet — explore, annotate, and export.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Exodus 24:7

Exodus 24:7

The Israelites declare 'na'aseh ve'nishma' — 'we will do and we will hear/obey' — upon receiving the Book of the Covenant at Sinai, committing to act before fully comprehending the commandments.

וַיִּקַּח֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּאׇזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה וְנִשְׁמָֽע׃

Then he took the record of the covenant and read it aloud to the people. And they said, “All that GOD has spoken we will faithfully do!”

Why it matters — This is the primary biblical source for the phrase, the foundational text upon which all subsequent interpretations are based.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Bavli, Shabbat 88a

Shabbat 88a

The Talmud expounds on na'aseh ve'nishma, teaching that when Israel said 'we will do' before 'we will hear,' 600,000 angels descended and placed two crowns on each Israelite — one for each word. Rabbi Simai derives that each Jew was endowed with the quality of angels. The crowns were later removed when Israel sinned with the Golden Calf.

דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי סִימַאי: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל ״נַעֲשֶׂה״ לְ״נִשְׁמָע״ בָּאוּ שִׁשִּׁים רִיבּוֹא שֶׁל מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת, לְכׇל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל קָשְׁרוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי כְתָרִים, אֶחָד כְּנֶגֶד ״נַעֲשֶׂה״ וְאֶחָד כְּנֶגֶד ״נִשְׁמָע״. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁחָטְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, יָרְדוּ מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים רִיבּוֹא מַלְאֲכֵי חַבָּלָה וּפֵירְקוּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת עֶדְיָם מֵהַר חוֹרֵב״. אָמַר רַבִּי חָמָא בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: בְּחוֹרֵב טָעֲנוּ, בְּחוֹרֵב פֵּרְקוּ. בְּחוֹרֵב טָעֲנוּ — כְּדַאֲמַרַן, בְּחוֹרֵב פֵּרְקוּ — דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ׳״. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וְכוּלָּן זָכָה מֹשֶׁה וּנְטָלָן. דִּסְמִיךְ לֵיהּ: ״וּמֹשֶׁה יִקַּח אֶת הָאֹהֶל״. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: עָתִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְהַחֲזִירָן לָנוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּפְדוּיֵי ה׳ יְשֻׁבוּן וּבָאוּ צִיּוֹן בְּרִנָּה וְשִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם עַל רֹאשָׁם״ — שִׂמְחָה שֶׁמֵּעוֹלָם עַל רֹאשָׁם. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל ״נַעֲשֶׂה״ לְ״נִשְׁמָע״ יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה לָהֶן: מִי גִּלָּה לְבָנַי רָז זֶה שֶׁמַּלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בּוֹ? דִּכְתִיב: ״בָּרְכוּ ה׳ מַלְאָכָיו גִּבֹּרֵי כֹחַ עֹשֵׂי דְבָרוֹ לִשְׁמֹעַ בְּקוֹל דְּבָרוֹ״ — בְּרֵישָׁא ״עֹשֵׂי״, וַהֲדַר ״לִשְׁמֹעַ״. אָמַר רַבִּי חָמָא בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״כְּתַפּוּחַ בַּעֲצֵי הַיַּעַר וְגוֹ׳״ — לָמָּה נִמְשְׁלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְתַפּוּחַ, לוֹמַר לָךְ: מָה תַּפּוּחַ זֶה פִּרְיוֹ קוֹדֶם לְעָלָיו, אַף יִשְׂרָאֵל הִקְדִּימוּ ״נַעֲשֶׂה״ לְ״נִשְׁמָע״.

Rabbi Simai taught: When Israel accorded precedence to the declaration “We will do” over the declaration “We will hear,” 600,000 ministering angels came and tied two crowns to each and every member of the Jewish people, one corresponding to “We will do” and one corresponding to “We will hear.” And when the people sinned with the Golden Calf, 1,200,000 angels of destruction descended and removed them from the people, as it is stated in the wake of the sin of the Golden Calf: “And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb onward” (Exodus 33:6). Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: At Horeb they put on their ornaments, and at Horeb they removed them. The source for this is: At Horeb they put them on, as we have said; at Horeb they removed them, as it is written: “And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb.” Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And Moses merited all of these crowns and took them. What is the source for this? Because juxtaposed to this verse, it is stated: “And Moses would take the tent [ohel]” (Exodus 33:7). The word ohel is interpreted homiletically as an allusion to an aura or illumination [hila]. Reish Lakish said: In the future, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will return them to us, as it is stated: “And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come with singing unto Zion, and everlasting joy shall be upon their heads” (Isaiah 35:10). The joy that they once had will once again be upon their heads. Rabbi Elazar said: When the Jewish people accorded precedence to the declaration “We will do” over “We will hear,” a Divine Voice emerged and said to them: Who revealed to my children this secret that the ministering angels use? As it is written: “Bless the Lord, you angels of His, you mighty in strength, that fulfill His word, hearkening unto the voice of His word” (Psalms 103:20). At first, the angels fulfill His word, and then afterward they hearken. Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “As an apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. Under its shadow I delighted to sit and its fruit was sweet to my taste” (Song of Songs 2:3)? Why were the Jewish people likened to an apple tree? It is to tell you that just as this apple tree, its fruit grows before its leaves, so too, the Jewish people accorded precedence to “We will do” over “We will hear.”

Why it matters — The central Talmudic aggadic source that celebrates the spiritual audacity and faith expressed in na'aseh ve'nishma, comparing Israel to angels.

Source 3 · Rishonim
Verified

Kuzari, Part 3:23

Kuzari 3:23

Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi explains that 'na'aseh' (we will do) precedes 'nishma' (we will understand) because divine commandments must first be practiced; understanding and spiritual insight follow from practice. The practical dimension of mitzvot takes precedence over theoretical knowledge.

וְאִם לֹא, הַמַּשְׁנִים וְאַנְשֵׁי הַקַּדְמוּת וּבַעֲלֵי הָרוּחֲנִיּוֹת וְהַנִּגְזָרִים בֶּהָרִים וְשׂוֹרְפֵי בְנֵיהֶם בָּאֵשׁ, מִשְׁתַּדְּלִים לְהִתְקָרֵב אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים, וּכְבָר אָמַרְנוּ שֶׁאֵין מִתְקָרְבִים אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי אִם בְּמִצְוֹת הָאֱלֹהִים עַצְמָם, בַּעֲבוּר שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ שִׁעוּרָם וּמִשְׁקָלָם וּזְמַנָּם וּמְקוֹמוֹתָם וּמַה שֶּׁהוּא תָלוּי בְּאֵלֶּה הַקַּבָּלוֹת אֲשֶׁר בְּהַשְׁלָמָתָם יִהְיֶה הָרָצוֹן וְהַדְּבִיקָה בָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בְּמַעֲשֵׂה הַמִּשְׁכָּן אֲשֶׁר אָמַר בְּכָל מְלָאכָה מִמֶּנּוּ:

We have, however, said, that one cannot approach God except by His commands. For he knows their comprehensiveness, division, times, and places, and consequences in the fulfilment of which the pleasure of God and the connexion with the Divine Influence are to be gained.

Why it matters — A classic Rishon philosophical interpretation arguing that doing precedes understanding in religious life, rooted in the Sinaitic declaration.

Source 4 · Acharonim
Verified

Netivot Olam, Netiv HaTorah, Chapter 1

Netivot Olam, Netiv Hatorah 1

The Maharal explains that Israel's declaration of na'aseh ve'nishma reflects their essential, ontological connection to the Torah — they said 'we will do' first because Torah-observance is part of the very being of Israel, not merely an intellectual commitment.

ולכך אמרו (שבת פח.) שכל מעשה בראשית היו תלויים ועומדים עד שהיו ישראל מקבלים התורה, שאז היו מקבלים בעולם התורה, שהיא סדר הכל, ובה יהיה מקיים* הכל.

Why it matters — The Maharal offers a deep philosophical reading of the phrase, connecting it to the innate spiritual nature of the Jewish people.

Source 5 · Hasidic
Verified

Maggid Devarav LeYaakov (The Maggid of Mezeritch)

Maggid Devarav leYaakov 1

The Maggid teaches that na'aseh ve'nishma expresses the Hasidic ideal of bitul (self-nullification): the tzaddik acts before deliberating because his entire being is subsumed within the divine will, transcending rational calculation.

ולמה גילה להם מעשה בראשית מפני שאמרו נעשה ונשמע ע"ד שארז"ל ישראל עלו במחשבה קדימת הרצון היה בשביל שיהיו ישראל צדיקים בכל דור ודור צמצם הש"י כביכול את בהירותו כדמיון אב המצמצם את שכלו ומדבר דברי קטנות בשביל בנו הקטן. וזהו פירש צמצם שכינתו בין שני בדי ארון פי' כנפי ריאה השכינה והקב"ה שורה כמו שהוא מחשב ועין נקרא השכל והשכל הוא ביד הצדיקים אבל האיך זוכים למדריגה זו בחשבם שהם עפר ואינם יכולים לעשות שום מעשה בלי כחו של הקב"ה ונמצא מה שהוא עושה עושה זאת הקב"ה שאם לא הוא י"ת אינו יכול לעשות כלום.

Because they said, "We will do and we will hear." According to our Sages, Israel ascended in thought before the will, in order that Israel should be righteous in every generation. In this way, he establishes the Holy One, blessed be He, through them.

Why it matters — The Mezeritch Maggid interprets the phrase through the lens of devekut and bitul, central Hasidic values.