Halachaהלכה

Bein Adam L'Makom and L'Chaveiro: Priorities and Tensions

Jewish sources explore how obligations between humans and God (bein adam l'Makom) and between people (bein adam l'chaveiro) relate to one another, particularly when they conflict. The sources collectively establish that interpersonal obligations often take precedence—especially in requiring direct restitution before divine forgiveness—while also suggesting these two dimensions are ideally unified in Jewish moral life.

אֵין הַתְּשׁוּבָה וְלֹא יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפְּרִין אֶלָּא עַל עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַמָּקוֹם

14 sources · verified

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Source 1 · Tanach
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Vayikra – Love Your Neighbor

Leviticus 19:18

The Torah commands 'love your neighbor as yourself,' which Rabbi Akiva famously declares to be the 'great principle of the Torah' — suggesting that interpersonal obligation carries foundational weight alongside ritual duties.

לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃

You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against members of your people. Love your fellow as yourself: I am GOD.

Source 2 · Tanach
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Micah – What Does God Require?

Micah 6:8

The prophet Micah condenses all obligation into three demands: doing justice, loving kindness, and walking humbly with God — framing bein adam l'chaveiro and bein adam l'Makom as inseparable rather than in tension.

הִגִּ֥יד לְךָ֛ אָדָ֖ם מַה־טּ֑וֹב וּמָֽה־יְהֹוָ֞ה דּוֹרֵ֣שׁ מִמְּךָ֗ כִּ֣י אִם־עֲשׂ֤וֹת מִשְׁפָּט֙ וְאַ֣הֲבַת חֶ֔סֶד וְהַצְנֵ֥עַ לֶ֖כֶת עִם־אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ {ס}

“You have been told, O mortal, what is good, And what GOD requires of you: Only to do justice And to love goodness, And to walk modestly with your God;

Source 3 · Chazal
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Pirkei Avot – Which is the Right Path?

Pirkei Avot 2:1

Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi teaches to pursue a path that brings honor to oneself before God and honor from one's fellow human beings, holding both dimensions of obligation simultaneously and suggesting they must not conflict.

רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אֵיזוֹהִי דֶרֶךְ יְשָׁרָה שֶׁיָּבֹר לוֹ הָאָדָם, כֹּל שֶׁהִיא תִפְאֶרֶת לְעוֹשֶׂיהָ וְתִפְאֶרֶת לוֹ מִן הָאָדָם.

Rabbi said: which is the straight path that a man should choose for himself?

Source 4 · Chazal
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Talmud Makkot – Reduction of the 613

Makkot 23b:1

The Talmud records how various prophets progressively condensed all 613 commandments, with Habakkuk ultimately reducing them to one — 'the righteous shall live by his faith' — showing that bein adam l'Makom and l'chaveiro are ultimately unified in a single moral framework.

״אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה אֹתָם הָאָדָם וָחַי בָּהֶם״. הָא הַיּוֹשֵׁב וְלָא עָבַר עֲבֵירָה נוֹתְנִין לוֹ שָׂכָר כָּעוֹשֶׂה מִצְוָה.

“That a person shall perform and live by them” (Leviticus 18:5). It is inferred that with regard to one who sits and did not perform a transgression, God gives him a reward like that received by one who performs a mitzva.

Source 5 · Chazal
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Mishnah Berakhot – Kabbalat Ol Malkhut Shamayim

Mishnah Berakhot 2:1

The Mishnah discusses whether one who is engaged in a mitzvah involving a person (such as tending to the dead) is exempt from other mitzvot like Shema, establishing the principle that certain human obligations can override ritual ones.

בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד וּמֵשִׁיב, וּבָאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה וּמֵשִׁיב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בָּאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה, וּמֵשִׁיב מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, וּמֵשִׁיב שָׁלוֹם לְכָל אָדָם:

This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: There is a distinction between greeting someone and responding to his greeting. In the middle of each paragraph, one may greet another due to fear and respond due to respect. In the breaks between paragraphs, one may greet another due to respect and respond with a greeting to any person who greets him, whether or not he is obligated to show him respect.

Source 6 · Chazal
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Talmud Yoma – Yom Kippur and Interpersonal Sins

Yoma 85b

The Mishnah rules that Yom Kippur atones for sins between man and God, but for sins between man and his fellow, Yom Kippur does not atone until one has appeased the other — explicitly subordinating ritual atonement to interpersonal repair.

מַתְנִי׳ חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם וַדַּאי — מְכַפְּרִין. מִיתָה וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים — מְכַפְּרִין עִם הַתְּשׁוּבָה. תְּשׁוּבָה — מְכַפֶּרֶת עַל עֲבֵירוֹת קַלּוֹת: עַל עֲשֵׂה, וְעַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. וְעַל הַחֲמוּרוֹת הוּא תּוֹלֶה, עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וִיכַפֵּר. הָאוֹמֵר: אֶחֱטָא וְאָשׁוּב, אֶחֱטָא וְאָשׁוּב — אֵין מַסְפִּיקִין בְּיָדוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה. אֶחֱטָא וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר — אֵין יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר. עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַמָּקוֹם — יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר, עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵירוֹ — אֵין יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר, עַד שֶׁיְּרַצֶּה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ. דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: ״מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי ה׳ תִּטְהָרוּ״. עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַמָּקוֹם — יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר. עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵירוֹ — אֵין יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר עַד שֶׁיְּרַצֶּה אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: אַשְׁרֵיכֶם יִשְׂרָאֵל! לִפְנֵי מִי אַתֶּם מִטַּהֲרִין, מִי מְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם? אֲבִיכֶם שֶׁבַּשָּׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְזָרַקְתִּי עֲלֵיכֶם מַיִם טְהוֹרִים וּטְהַרְתֶּם״, וְאוֹמֵר: ״מִקְוֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל (ה׳)״, מָה מִקְוֶה מְטַהֵר אֶת הַטְּמֵאִים — אַף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְטַהֵר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל.

MISHNA: A sin-offering, which atones for unwitting performance of transgressions punishable by karet, and a definite guilt-offering, which is brought for robbery and misuse of consecrated items, atone for those sins. Death and Yom Kippur atone for sins when accompanied by repentance. Repentance itself atones for minor transgressions, for both positive mitzvot and negative mitzvot. And repentance places punishment for severe transgressions in abeyance until Yom Kippur comes and completely atones for the transgression. With regard to one who says: I will sin and then I will repent, I will sin and I will repent, Heaven does not provide him the opportunity to repent, and he will remain a sinner all his days. With regard to one who says: I will sin and Yom Kippur will atone for my sins, Yom Kippur does not atone for his sins. Furthermore, for transgressions between a person and God, Yom Kippur atones; however, for transgressions between a person and another, Yom Kippur does not atone until he appeases the other person. Similarly, Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya taught that point from the verse: “From all your sins you shall be cleansed before the Lord” (Leviticus 16:30). For transgressions between a person and God, Yom Kippur atones; however, for transgressions between a person and another, Yom Kippur does not atone until he appeases the other person. In conclusion, Rabbi Akiva said: How fortunate are you, Israel; before Whom are you purified, and Who purifies you? It is your Father in Heaven, as it is stated: “And I will sprinkle purifying water upon you, and you shall be purified” (Ezekiel 36:25). And it says: “The ritual bath of Israel is God” (Jeremiah 17:13). Just as a ritual bath purifies the impure, so too, the Holy One, Blessed be He, purifies Israel.

Source 7 · Chazal
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Talmud Berakhot – Suffering and Character

Berakhot 5b

The Talmud discusses the concept that afflictions test a person, weaving together obligations to God and ethical obligations to others, emphasizing that both must be intact for one to be considered righteous.

תַּנְיָא. אַבָּא בִּנְיָמִין אוֹמֵר: שְׁנַיִם שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל. וְקָדַם אֶחָד מֵהֶם לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, וְלֹא הִמְתִּין אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. וְיָצָא. טוֹרְפִין לוֹ תְּפִלָּתוֹ בְּפָנָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״טֹרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ בְּאַפּוֹ הַלְמַעַנְךָ תֵּעָזַב אָרֶץ״. וְלֹא עוֹד, אֶלָּא שֶׁגּוֹרֵם לַשְּׁכִינָה שֶׁתִּסְתַּלֵּק מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְיֶעְתַּק צוּר מִמְקֹמוֹ״. וְאֵין ״צוּר״ אֶלָּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: צוּר יְלָדְךָ תֶּשִׁי״.

Another of Abba Binyamin’s statements with regard to the laws of prayer was taught in a baraita: Abba Binyamin says: If two people enter a synagogue outside of the city in order to pray, and one began praying before the other and did not wait for the other person to complete his prayer, and left him alone in the synagogue, his prayer is thrown back in his face. Because he left the other person alone and caused him to be distracted during his prayer, his own prayer is thrown back in his face, as it is stated: “You who throw your soul in your face, for your sake will the earth be forsaken? The Rock will be moved from its place” (Job 18:4). This verse indicates that one who left the other person alone effectively causes his soul, as prayer is the outpouring of the soul before God, to be thrown in his face. God says to that person: For your sake, do you think because you left, the earth will be forsaken, that God will leave the world and the prayer of the other person will go unheard? Not only that, but it causes the Divine Presence to remove itself from Israel, as it is stated in the continuation of the verse: “The Rock will be moved from its place.” The rock, God, is forced to remove His presence. And Rock means nothing other than the Holy One, Blessed be He, as it is stated: “Of the Rock that gave birth to you, you have been unmindful, and you have forgotten God Who bore you” (Deuteronomy 32:18).

Source 8 · Rishonim
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Rambam, Shemonah Perakim – Chapter 6

Eight Chapters 6

Rambam explains that the truly virtuous person desires to do good for others and for God alike; he distinguishes between sins against God and sins against people, noting that the latter require direct remedy with the wronged party before divine forgiveness is possible.

ולפי המובן מפשוטי שני המאמרים בתחילת המחשבה הם סותרים זה את זה - ואין הענין כן; אבל שניהם אמת ואין מחלוקת ביניהם כלל. והוא: שהרעות אשר הן אצל הפילוסופים רעות, אשר אמרו: שמי שלא יתאוה אליהן יותר חשוב מן המתאוה אליהן ויכבוש את יצרו מהן - הם הענינים המפורסמים אצל כל בני האדם שהם "רעות": כשפיכות דמים, וגנבה, וגזלה, ואונאה, ולהזיק למי שלא הרע לו, ולגמול רע למיטיב לו, ולבזות אב ואם וכיוצא באלו. והן המצוות שאמרו עליהן החכמים, ז"ל: 'שאילו לא נכתבו ראויות הן לכתב' (יומא סז, ב). ויקראו אותן קצת מחכמינו האחרונים אשר חלו חולי המדברים: "מצוות שכליות", ואין ספק שהנפש אשר תכסוף לדבר מהם ותשתוקק אליו - שהיא חסרה; ושהנפש החשובה לא תתאוה לאחד מאללו הרעות כלל, ולא תצטער בהמנעה מהם. אבל הדברים שאמרו עליהם החכמים, שהכובש את יצרו מהם הוא יותר חשוב וגמולו יותר גדול - הם: "התורות השמעיות", וזה אמת: שאלמלא התורה לא היו רעות כלל. ומפני זה אמרו: שצריך האדם שיניח נפשו אוהבת אותן ולא יהיה לו מונע מהן רק התורה. ובחן חכמתם, ע"ה, ובמה שהמשילו. שהם לא אמרו: "אל יאמר אדם: אי אפשי להרוג הנפש; אי אפשי לגנוב; אי אפשי לכזב, אלא: אפשי, ומה אעשה אבי שבשמים גזר עלי"' אבל הביאו דברים "שמעיים" כולם: בשר בחלב, ולבישת שעטנז, ועריות. ואלו המצוות וכיוצא בהן, הן אשר קראן השם יתברך: "חוקות". ואמרו רבותינו, ז"ל: "חוקים שחקקתי לך - אין לך רשות להרהר בהם; ועובדי כוכבים משיבים עליהם, והשטן מקטרג בהם, כגון: פרה אדומה ושעיר המשתלח" וכו'. ואשר קראו אותן האחרונים: שכליות, יקראו: מצוות, כפי מה שבארו החכמים. הנה התבאר לך מכל מה שאמרנו איזו מן העברות יהיה מי שלא ישתוקק אליהן יותר חשוב מן המשתוקק אליהן וכובש יצרו מהן, ואיזו מהן יהיה הענין בהפך. וזה חידוש נפלא בהעמיד שני המאמרים; ולשונם מורה על אמיתת מה שבארנו. וכבר נשלמה כונת זה הפרק.

At first blush, by a superficial comparison of the sayings of the philosophers and the Rabbis, one might be inclined to say that they contradict one another. Such, however, is not the case. Both are correct and, moreover, are not in disagreement in the least, as the evils which the philosophers term such—and of which they say that he who has no longing for them is more to be praised than he who desires them but conquers his passion—are things which all people commonly agree are evils, such as the shedding of blood, theft, robbery, fraud, injury to one who has done no harm, ingratitude, contempt for parents, and the like. The prescriptions against these are called commandments (מצות), about which the Rabbis said, “If they had not already been written in the Law, it would be proper to add them”. Some of our later sages, who were infected with the unsound principles of the Mutakallimun, called these rational laws. There is no doubt that a soul which has the desire for, and lusts after, the above-mentioned misdeeds, is imperfect, that a noble soul has absolutely no desire for any such crimes, and experiences no struggle in refraining from them. When, however, the Rabbis maintain that he who overcomes his desire has more merit and a greater reward (than he who has no temptation), they say so only in reference to laws that are ceremonial prohibitions. This is quite true, since, were it not for the Law, they would not at all be considered transgressions. Therefore, the Rabbis say that man should permit his soul to entertain the natural inclination for these things, but that the Law alone should restrain him from them. Ponder over the wisdom of these men of blessed memory manifest in the examples they adduce. They do not declare, “Man should not say, ‘I have no desire to kill, to steal and to lie, but I have a desire for these things, yet what can I do, since my Father in heaven forbids it!’” The instances they cite are all from the ceremonial law, such as partaking of meat and milk together, wearing clothes made of wool and linen, and entering into consanguinuous marriages. These, and similar enactments are what God called “my statutes” (חקותי), which, as the Rabbis say are “statutes which I (God) have enacted for thee, which thou hast no right to subject to criticism, which the nations of the world attack and which Satan denounces, as for instance, the statutes concerning the red heifer, the scapegoat, and so forth”. Those transgressions, however, which the later sages called rational laws are termed commandments (מצות), as the Rabbis explained. It is now evident from all that we have said, what the transgressions are for which, if a man have no desire at all, he is on a higher plane than he who has a longing, but controls his passion for them; and it is also evident what the transgressions are of which the opposite is true. It is an astonishing fact that these two classes of expressions should be shown to be compatible with one another, but their content points to the truth of our explanation. This ends the discussion of the subject-matter of this chapter.

Source 9 · Rishonim
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Rambam, Hilkhot Teshuvah – Interpersonal Sins Block Atonement

Mishneh Torah, Repentance 2:9

Rambam codifies that sins between a person and God are forgiven through teshuvah, while sins between a person and their fellow are not forgiven by God until the wrongdoer has appeased the victim — making interpersonal repair a precondition for divine forgiveness.

אֵין הַתְּשׁוּבָה וְלֹא יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפְּרִין אֶלָּא עַל עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַמָּקוֹם כְּגוֹן מִי שֶׁאָכַל דָּבָר אָסוּר אוֹ בָּעַל בְּעִילָה אֲסוּרָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. אֲבָל עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ כְּגוֹן הַחוֹבֵל אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ אוֹ הַמְקַלֵּל חֲבֵרוֹ אוֹ גּוֹזְלוֹ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֵינוֹ נִמְחַל לוֹ לְעוֹלָם עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לַחֲבֵרוֹ מַה שֶּׁהוּא חַיָּב לוֹ וִירַצֵּהוּ.

Teshuvah and Yom Kippur only atone for sins between man and God; for example, a person who ate a forbidden food or engaged in forbidden sexual relations, and the like. However, sins between man and man; for example, someone who injures a colleague, curses a colleague, steals from him, or the like will never be forgiven until he gives his colleague what he owes him and appeases him. [It must be emphasized that] even if a person restores the money that he owes [the person he wronged], he must appease him and ask him to forgive him.

Source 10 · Rishonim
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Rabbeinu Yonah, Sha'arei Teshuvah – Categories of Sin

Sha'arei Teshuvah 1:3

Rabbeinu Yonah carefully distinguishes between sins against God and sins against fellow humans, stressing that teshuvah for interpersonal wrongs requires seeking forgiveness from the harmed party, and that the gravity of bein adam l'chaveiro violations is in many ways more severe.

וְלֹא יִמָּצֵא אִחוּר הַתְּשׁוּבָה זוּלָתִי בְּעַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ, אֲשֶׁר הֵם יְשֵׁנִים שׁוֹכְבִים וְלֹא יָשִׁיבוּ אֶל לְבָבָם, וְלֹא דַעַת וְלֹא תְבוּנָה לָהֶם לְמַהֵר לְהִמָּלֵט עַל נַפְשָׁם. וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶם נִדָּחִים מֵעַל הַשֵּׁם בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְלֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לְעֹנֶשׁ הַחֵטְא. וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ברכות יט, א) אִם רָאִיתָ תַּלְמִיד חָכָם שֶׁעָבַר עֲבֵרָה בַּלַּיְלָה אַל תְּהַרְהֵר אַחֲרָיו בַּיּוֹם, כִּי בֶּאֱמֶת עָשָׂה תְּשׁוּבָה.

But delay of repentance is only found among the ignorant, who are sleeping - lounging. They do not turn to their hearts, and they have neither the knowledge nor the understanding to know that they should hurry, to escape for their lives. Some of them are led astray from God, Blessed be He, and they do not believe in punishment for sin. And our rabbis, may their memory be blessed, said (Berakhot 19a), "If you saw a scholar transgress a prohibition at night, do not think badly of him the [next] day; for in truth, he has [already] repented."

Source 11 · Rishonim
Verified

Chovot HaLevavot – Introduction

Duties of the Heart, Introduction of the Author

Rabbeinu Bachya argues that inner spiritual duties toward God (bein adam l'Makom) form the necessary foundation for all outer conduct, but that sincere service of God must manifest in ethical treatment of others — the two dimensions are hierarchically ordered but mutually dependent.

וְהַשֵּׁנִי לָדַעַת חוֹבוֹת הַלְּבָבוֹת וְהֵם הַמַּצְפּוּנִים וְהִיא הַחָכְמָה הַצְּפוּנָה. חוֹבוֹת הָאֵבָרִים יֵחָלְקוּ לִב׳ חֲלָקִים: הָאֶחָד מֵהֶם מִצְוֹת שֶׁמְּחַיֵּב בָּהֶם הַשֵּׂכֶל אֲפִלּוּ אִם לֹא חִיְּבָה בָּהֶן הַתּוֹרָה. וְהַחֵלֶק הַשֵּׁנִי מִצְוֹת הַשֵּׁמַע שֶׁאֵין הַשֵּׂכֶל מְחַיֵּב בָּהֶם וְלֹא דּוֹחֶה אוֹתָם כְּאִסּוּר בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב וְשַׁעַטְנֵז וְכִלְאַיִם וְהַדּוֹמֶה לָהֶם מִמָּה שֶׁנֶּעֶלְמָה מִמֶּנּוּ עִלַּת אִסּוּרָם וְעִלַּת חִיּוּב מִמָּה שֶׁנִּתְחַיַּבְנוּ מֵהֶן.

Furthermore, the science of the Torah falls into two divisions: The first aims at the knowledge of the duties of the limbs (practical duties) and is the science of external conducts. The second deals with the duties of the heart, namely, its sentiments and thoughts, and is the science of the inner life.

Source 12 · Acharonim
Verified

Maharal, Netivot Olam – Path of Love of Fellow

Netivot Olam, Netiv Ahavat Reia 1:1

The Maharal explains that love of one's fellow is the foundation of all interpersonal commandments and that it parallels the love of God — the two loves are not competing but form the two axes of complete human rectification.

וכבר בארנו בפרק משה קבל כי דבר זה שאוהב הבריות הוא אהבת השם יתב' גם כן, כי מי שאוהב את אחד אוהב כל מעשה ידיו אשר עשה ופעל, ולפיכך כאשר אוהב את השם ית' אי אפשר שלא יאהב את ברואיו ואם הוא שונא הבריות אי אפשר שיאהב השם ית' אשר בראם. וכן כבוד חבירו אשר נברא בצלם אלקים נחשב כבוד המקום, וכמו שבארנו למעלה באריכות בנתיב גמילות חסדים אצל כבוד אורחים שנחשב זה כמו הקבלת פני שכינה וכמו שבארנו:

Source 13 · Acharonim
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Ramchal, Mesillat Yesharim – Chapter on Cleanliness from Interpersonal Sins

Mesillat Yesharim 11

The Ramchal teaches that a person cannot achieve true piety and closeness to God (bein adam l'Makom) while guilty of wrongs toward others — interpersonal cleanliness is a prerequisite for ascending the ladder of holiness.

מָה יַעֲנוּ אֵפוֹא הָעוֹסְקִים בַּהֲנָאוֹתֵיהֶם בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה וּבְטֵלִים מִמֶּנָּה, אוֹ כִּי יַעַסְקוּ בְּחֶפְצֵיהֶם אִישׁ לְבִצְעוֹ. כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר: הַשָּׂכוּר אֵצֶל חֲבֵרוֹ לְאֵיזֶה מְלָאכָה שֶׁתִּהְיֶה, הִנֵּה כָּל שְׁעוֹתָיו מְכוּרוֹת הֵן לוֹ לְיוֹמוֹ, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ב"מ נ"ו): שְׂכִירוּת מְכִירָה לְיוֹמֵהּ. וְכָל מָה שֶׁיִּקַּח מֵהֶן לַהֲנָאַת עַצְמוֹ בְּאֵיזֶה אֹפֶן שֶׁיִּהְיֶה, אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא גֶּזֶל גָּמוּר. וְאִם לֹא מְחָלוֹ, אֵינוֹ מָחוּל, שֶׁכְּבָר אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (יומא פו): עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ, אֵין יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר עַד שֶׁיְּרַצֶּה אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ.

For the Sages already stated: "sins between man and his fellow are not atoned for on Yom Kippur until he has pacified his fellow"(Yoma 85b). Not only that but even if one does a Mitzva (good deed) during the time of his work, it will not be considered a merit but rather a sin in his hand. For a sin cannot be considered a Mitzva. And scripture states: "[I am G-d who loves justice and] hates theft in an offering" (Isaiah 61:8). In relation to this, our Sages of blessed memory said: "one who steals a measure of wheat, mills it, bakes and recites a blessing over it, is not blessing but rather blaspheming as written 'and the robber who blesses blasphemes G-d' (Tehilim 10:3)". Similarly, it was said: "woe to this person whose defense attorney has become his prosecutor" (Vayikra Raba 30).

Source 14 · Hasidic
Verified

Toldot Yaakov Yosef – Kedoshim

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Kedoshim 1

The Toldot Yaakov Yosef, citing the Baal Shem Tov, teaches that love of God and love of Israel are inseparable — one who truly loves God must love God's children, and failing in bein adam l'chaveiro is tantamount to a deficiency in one's relationship with God.

וכי תימא כדרשת חז"ל (ב"מ לב.) אם יאמר לך אביך חלל השבת אל תשמע לו, וכן בשאר המצות וכו'. קשה, א"כ ה"ל ללמדינו זה בשאר מצות קלות, ואז הי' נלמד במכל שכן בשבת החמורה, מה שאין כן עכשיו.