Mishnah Berakhot
Mishnah Berakhot 6:1
This Mishnah establishes the brachot over different types of food: fruit of the tree (Ha'Etz), fruit of the ground (Ha'Adamah), and the catch-all 'Shehakol.' It is the Tannaitic source for the entire system of food blessings.
עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ, חוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן, שֶׁעַל הַיַּיִן אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן. וְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה, חוּץ מִן הַפַּת, שֶׁעַל הַפַּת הוּא אוֹמֵר הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ.
Although wine is produced from fruit of the tree, due to its significance, its blessing differs from other fruits of the tree. Over wine one recites: Who creates fruit of the vine. Over fruits that grow from the earth, one recites: Who creates fruit of the ground, with the exception of bread.
Why it matters — The Mishnaic source establishing the blessing categories of Ha'Etz and Ha'Adamah that determine what bracha is recited on bananas.