Source 1 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Genesis
Or HaChaim on Genesis 12:1
The passage explains that God spoke to Abraham before appearing to him because Abraham had uniquely recognized his Creator on his own, and then tested Abraham's obedience to His commands before revealing His presence to him—distinguishing Abraham from other created beings who received revelations without prior testing.
וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֶל אַבְרָם וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם שֶׁדִּבֵּר אֵלָיו ה׳ קוֹדֶם הֵרָאוֹת לוֹ, מַה שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה כֵּן בְּכָל הַנִּבְרָאִים, שְׁנֵי טְעָמִים בַּדָּבָר: אוֹ לִהְיוֹת שֶׁהוּא עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם נִשְׁתַּדֵּל בְּהַכָּרַת בּוֹרְאוֹ מַה שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה אָדָם זוּלָתוֹ, וּבֶן חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים הִכִּיר אֶת בּוֹרְאוֹ מֵעַצְמוֹ בְּהִתְחַכְּמוּתוֹ (נדרים לב:), לָזֶה לֹא הֻצְרַךְ לְהִגָּלוֹת אֵלָיו אֶלָּא אָמַר אֵלָיו דִּבְּרוֹתָיו וּכְבָר הֻכַּר אֶצְלוֹ הַמְדַבֵּר. אוֹ אֶפְשָׁר, כִּי לֶהֱיוֹתוֹ אָדָם רִאשׁוֹן בַּקְּדֻשָּׁה, אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲשָׂרָה דּוֹרוֹת שֶׁקָּדְמוּהוּ לֹא הָיָה אָדָם שֶׁהִכִּיר אֱלֹהוּתוֹ וְדִבֵּר אִתּוֹ אֱלֹהִים, לָזֶה נָהַג ה׳ עִמּוֹ בְּסֵדֶר זֶה שֶׁלֹּא הֶרְאָה שְׁכִינָתוֹ אֵלָיו עַד שֶׁבָּחַן אוֹתוֹ אִם מְקַיֵּם גְּזֵרוֹתָיו, וּלְאַחַר שֶׁקִּיֵּם דְּבָרָיו וְהָלַךְ לוֹ מֵאַרְצוֹ וְכוּ׳ אָז נִגְלָה אֵלָיו דִּכְתִיב (בראשית יב:ז) ״וַיֵּרָא ה׳ אֶל אַבְרָם״, מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן שְׁאָר הַנִּבְרָאִים שֶׁכְּבָר קָדְמָה וְנִשְׁתַּקְּעָה הָאֱמוּנָה בְּלִבָּם מֵאַבְרָהָם וְהֻשְׁרְשׁוּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה הָיָה נִגְלֶה לָהֶם תְּחִלָּה. וְצֵא וּלְמַד מֵאָבוֹת וּמִמֹּשֶׁה בַּסְּנֶה. וְדֶרֶךְ זֶה מַסְכִּים לְדִבְרֵי רַזַ״ל (בראשית רבה פל״ט) שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּ פָּסוּק (תהלים מה:יא) ״שִׁמְעִי בַת וּרְאִי״ וְגוֹ׳ בְּאַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ, בַּתְּחִלָּה שִׁמְעִי וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֶל וְגוֹ׳, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִגְלָה אֵלָיו ״וַיֵּרָא״ וְגוֹ׳, וְהוּא אָמרוֹ ״וּרְאִי״. וְלֹא הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם שְׁמִיעָה וּרְאִיָּה כְּאַחַת אֶלָּא בְּהֶפְסֵק בֵּינֵיהֶם. וְלָזֶה לֹא אָמַר הַכָּתוּב ״שִׁמְעִי וּרְאִי בַּת״ אוֹ ״בַּת שִׁמְעִי וּרְאִי״ וְהִפְסִיק בֵּין ״שִׁמְעִי״ לְ״וּרְאִי״.
ויאמר ה׳ אל אברם, G'd said to Abram, etc. There are two reasons for the most unusual phenomenon of G'd speaking to Abraham without having first appeared to him in some kind of vision. 1) Abraham's constant endeavour to get to know his Creator, something no one had ever done before him. According to our tradition Abraham already recognised his Creator at the age of five without having received any guidance from a teacher. G'd therefore did not have to prove His existence to Abraham by appearing to him in a vision. He could take it for granted that Abraham was aware of who was speaking to him. 2) During the ten generations since Noach that preceded Abraham not a single human being had recognised his G'd so that G'd had found him worthy to speak to. G'd therefore decided to test Abraham before speaking to him. He did this by demanding of Abraham that he leave his home, etc. Only after he had successfully passed that test did G'd decide to reveal Himself to Abraham in a vision as we find in 12,7. G'd did not relate in this manner to later generations because those generations had already absorbed a measure of faith in G'd through the example of their patriarch Abraham. They were born into an environment of some sanctity, an advantage not enjoyed by Abraham. As a result, G'd was able to commence His communications with such people by granting them a vision before He spoke to them. In Psalms 45,11 the Psalmist refers to Abraham's experience when he says: "Take heed, lass, and note, incline your ear; forget your people and your father's house." Our sages declared that the first half of that verse שמעי, listen, applied to our patriarch Abraham, i.e. when G'd spoke to him in 12,1. The second half of the verse where the Psalmist speaks about דאי, i.e. a visual experience, refers to 12,7 when G'd is reported to have appeared to Abraham in a vision. The sound and the vision did not occur simultaneously. To signify this the Psalmist did not say שמעי וראי בת, but placed the word בת in the middle. The best proof for the correctness of our view is the comparison with Moses' experience at the burning bush (Exodus 3,2-4) when a visual phenomenon preceded G'd speaking to him.
Source 2 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 14:19
The passage explains that two clouds that had been in front of the Israelites moved behind them during the night to conceal the Israelite camp from the Egyptians, with darkness covering the Egyptians' view while light illuminated the Israelite encampment.
נִמְצֵאתָ אוֹמֵר כִּי שְׁנֵי עֲנָנִים שֶׁהָיוּ לִפְנֵיהֶם נָסְעוּ לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם, וְטַעַם הַשֵּׁנִי כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּחְשִׁיךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם בִּלְתִּי דַּעַת מְקוֹם תַּחֲנוֹתָם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וַיְהִי הֶעָנָן וְהַחֹשֶׁךְ וַיָּאֶר אֶת הַלָּיְלָה, פֵּרוּשׁ כִּי הֻצְרַךְ לִשְׁנֵיהֶם לְהַחְשִׁיךְ בִּפְנֵיהֶם לְבַל יֵדְעוּ מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹ אוֹרָה הַלַּיְלָה, וְהָאוֹר יַגִּיד לָהֶם מָקוֹם. לָזֶה כִּסָּה חֹשֶׁךְ פְּנֵיהֶם, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לוֹ חֹשֶׁךְ לְבַד כִּי יַבְהִיק אוֹר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמוֹשְׁבוֹתָם, לָזֶה עָשָׂה ה׳ שְׁנַיִם – הֶעָנָן וְהַחֹשֶׁךְ.
Source 3 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Leviticus
Or HaChaim on Leviticus 17:11
The passage explains that the soul of an animal resides specifically in its blood rather than in its flesh, and that God gave the blood on the altar to atone for human souls, meaning the blood of animals is not given to humans for arbitrary use but only for this sacred purpose, which is why the killing of an animal requires a court of twenty-three judges just as human judgment does.
עוֹד יְכַוֵּן הַכָּתוּב לְהַזְהִיר עַל נֶפֶשׁ הַבְּהֵמָה לְבַל הֲמִיתָהּ, כִּי לֹא נָתַן ה׳ דַּם הַבְּהֵמוֹת לָנוּ אֶלָּא לְכַפֵּר עַל נַפְשׁוֹתֵינוּ, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ נְתַתִּיו לָכֶם עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לִשְׁלֹל זוּלַת סִבָּה זוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ לָנוּ בְּמַתָּנָה לַעֲשׂוֹת כָּל אֲשֶׁר נַחְפֹּץ עֲשׂוֹת בּוֹ. וְתִמְצָא (סנהדרין ב.) שֶׁדִּין הֲרִיגַת בְּהֵמָה צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה עַל פִּי בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה כְּמִשְׁפַּט אָדָם, שֶׁהִשְׁוָה הַכָּתוּב מִשְׁפָּטָם לְמִשְׁפַּט אָדָם, וְלֹא הֻתְּרָה בְּהֵמָה לִשְׁחֹט אֶלָּא לְצָרְכֵי בְּשָׂרָהּ כִּי תְאַוֶּה נֶפֶשׁ אָדָם לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר, שֶׁכֵּן גָּמַר קוֹנֵה עוֹלָמוֹ וְהִקְנָה לָנוּ, דִּכְתִיב (דברים יב:כ): ״כִּי תְאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר בְּכָל אַוַּת״ וְגוֹ׳:
The verse also intends to warn us not to kill animals without an ulterior purpose. We are only allowed to take the life of an animal (the ones which are fit for consumption by Jews) to help us atone for our sins. The sequence of the words נתתיו לכם על המזבח are intended to demonstrate that the "gift" G'd has made us of the domesticated animals on earth carries with it some restrictions. We are not absolute owners of these animals to do with them whatever we please; rather they should serve to help us recapture our standing with the Almighty in the event that we became guilty of certain sins. We are taught in Sanhedrin 2 that if a domestic animal is guilty of an offence for which the Torah decreed that said animal has to die, such as initiating sexual intercourse with a human being, it is judged by a tribunal of no fewer than 23 judges, the same number required to judge a human being, someone who has killed a human being. It is not permitted to slaughter such an animal except when one wants to consume its meat. In Deut. 12,20 the Torah is on record as permitting man to indulge his craving for meat. In other words, the Torah had to write a special verse in order to permit us to eat meat which was not intended as sacrificial meat.
Source 4 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 3:11
Moses expresses doubt about his worthiness to speak before Pharaoh, explaining that a person of humble status cannot be trusted as an emissary and may jeopardize the mission because humans possess free will, and he fears his own lack of merit might prevent Israel's redemption.
פֵּרוּשׁ, אֲפִילּוּ בִּשְׁלִיחוּת שֶׁאֵינָהּ הֵפֶךְ רְצוֹנוֹ, כִּי אֵינִי חָשׁוּב לְדַבֵּר לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ, וּמֵאֶמְצָעוּת כֵּן לֹא יֵאָמֵן בִּשְׁלִיחוּתוֹ וְיִסְתַּכֵּן, שֶׁהָאָדָם בַּעַל בְּחִירָה וְרָצוֹן. וְצֵא וּלְמַד מִמַּאֲמַר שְׁמוּאֵל (שמואל א טז:ב) ״אֵיךְ אֵלֵךְ וְשָׁמַע שָׁאוּל וַהֲרָגָנִי״, וְתִמְצָא שֶׁלֹּא יֵאָמֵן אָדָם בִּנְבוּאָה לְצַד בְּחִינַת הַשִּׁפְלוּת, כָּאָמוּר בִּנְבוּאַת עָמוֹס (קהלת רבה א א ב) שֶׁהָיוּ מְזַלְזְלִין בּוֹ בְּנֵי דּוֹרוֹ וְכוּ׳. וְעוֹד כִּי אוֹצִיא וְגוֹ׳, כִּי לָזֶה צָרִיךְ אָדָם גָּדוֹל בְּמַעֲשִׂים שֶׁיִּזְכֶּה לִזְכוּת גָּדוֹל כָּזֶה, וְחָשׁ שֶׁמָּא יֶאֱרַע תַּקָּלָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶמְצָעוּת מְנִיעַת זְכוּתוֹ, וְזֶה מֵהָעֲנָוָה וְהַשִּׁפְלוּת.
Source 5 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Numbers
Or HaChaim on Numbers 20:12
The passage explains that God's statement was conveyed in a language of exaltation to Moses and Aaron so that their specific sin would be recorded, preventing future generations from thinking they were equal to the wicked generation in the wilderness.
וְיִתְבָּאֵר עַל פִּי מַה שֶׁאָמְרוּ בַּמִּדְרָשׁ (במדבר רבה יט,יב) שֶׁאָמַר מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי ה׳: הֲרֵי גָּזַרְתָּ עָלַי לָמוּת בַּמִּדְבָּר עִם הַדּוֹר הָרָע הַזֶּה וְכוּ׳, יֹאמְרוּ הַדּוֹרוֹת שֶׁאֲנִי שָׁוֶה לָהֶם, יִכָּתֵב עָלַי עַל מַה נֶעֱנַשְׁתִּי, לְפִיכָךְ כְּתִיב יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי וְגוֹ׳, עַד כָּאן. וְהוּא מַה שֶׁרָמַז ה׳ בְּאָמְרוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר לְשׁוֹן רוֹמְמוּת לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן, שֶׁנִּכְתַּב חֶטְאָם שֶׁעָלָיו מֵתוּ שֶׁהוּא ״יַעַן לֹא״ וְגוֹ׳, וְלֹא יַחְשְׁבוּ הַדּוֹרוֹת שֶׁהֵם שָׁוִים לַדּוֹר הָרָע חָס וְשָׁלוֹם.
Source 6 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Genesis
Or HaChaim on Genesis 28:12
The passage explains that the word "behold" (וְהִנֵּה) is used repeatedly in Jacob's dream to indicate that unlike ordinary dreams which are vague and unclear, everything in this dream was revealed to him with absolute clarity as if in bright daylight, demonstrating that this was an actual prophecy rather than a mere dream.
טַעַם אָמְרוֹ וְהִנֵּה: לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁאֵין הַחֲלוֹם מֻחְלָט בִּבְחִינַת הַצֶּדֶק כִּי חֲלוֹמוֹת שָׁוְא הֵם, גַּם שֶׁעַל כָּל פָּנִים יִהְיֶה בָּהֶם תֶּבֶן כִּי הֵם בְּמַרְאֵה הַשִּׁעֲמוּם, לָזֶה אָמַר ״וְהִנֵּה״ – פֵּרוּשׁ כִּי הַדְּבָרִים בְּלֹא שִׁעֲמוּם וְדִמְיוֹנוֹת אֶלָּא כָּל דָּבָר נִגְלֶה אֶצְלוֹ וּמְבֹאָר כְּיוֹם יָאִיר וְאֵין זֶה דּוֹמֶה לִשְׁאָר הַחֲלוֹמוֹת שֶׁרוֹאֶה דָּבָר וְאֵינוֹ מַחְלִיט בִּרְאִיָּתוֹ מַה שֶׁהוּא רוֹאֶה. וְלָזֶה תִּמְצָא שֶׁדִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר בְּכָל פְּרָט וּפְרָט מֵהַנִּגְלֶה אֵלָיו בַּחֲלוֹם ״וְהִנֵּה״, גַּבֵּי רְאִיַּת הַסֻּלָּם אָמַר וְהִנֵּה סֻלָּם, גַּבֵּי רְאִיַּת הַמַּלְאָכִים אָמַר וְהִנֵּה מַלְאֲכֵי וְגוֹ׳, גַּבֵּי גִּלּוּי שְׁכִינָה אָמַר וְהִנֵּה ה׳, הַכַּוָּנָה בָּזֶה כִּי הָיְתָה נְבוּאָה מַמָּשׁ.
Inasmuch as many dreams contain matter without significance, the Torah added the word והנה to indicate that in this dream every detail appeared to Jacob as especially vivid and significant. He had total recall of everything he dreamed and referred to each detail later on. This is why the word והנה is repeated before every segment of the dream. The Torah thereby characterises the dream as a prophetic revelation.
Source 7 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Genesis.1.27
Or HaChaim on Genesis.1.27:2
The passage explains that God created humans with two forms of divine image: a visible, recognizable image that exists in all people regardless of spiritual status, and a second spiritual, hidden divine image that is specifically granted to Israel as God's chosen inheritance.
עוֹד יִרְצֶה לוֹמַר כִּי בָּרָא הָאָדָם בִּב׳ צְלָמִים: הָרִאשׁוֹן צֶלֶם הַנִּכָּר בְּכָל אָדָם, וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּבְנֵי אָדָם הָרֵקִים מֵהַקְּדֻשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה, וַעֲלֵיהֶם אָמַר בְּצַלְמוֹ פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁל הַנִּבְרָא. וְהַב׳ הֵם בְּחִינַת הַמְאֻשָּׁרִים עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל נַחֲלַת שַׁדַּי, כְּנֶגֶד אֵלּוּ אָמַר בְּצֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים בְּרָאוֹ. הֲרֵי זֶה בָּא לְלַמְּדֵנוּ כִּי יֵשׁ בַּנִּבְרָאִים ב׳ צְלָמִים: צֶלֶם הַנִּכָּר וְצֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים רוּחָנִי נֶעְלָם, וְהָבֵן:
It also wants to tell [us] that He created man with two images: the first is the image that is recognizable in all men, and even in men that are empty of holiness, 'that they are not from the Children of Israel' - about them it states, "in his image," the explanation [of which] is [the image] of the creature; and the second is the level of the happy ones, the people of Israel, the inheritance of My field - corresponding to those, it states, "in the image of God" He created him. Behold, it comes to teach us that there are two images among the creations; the image that is recognizable [that he is a man] and the image of God, [which is] spiritual and hidden; and understand [this].
Source 8 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 34:6
The passage discusses why Divine mercy is needed even before a person sins, arguing that God extends compassion to those who lack merit from performing positive commandments, and that God's merciful attribute established before sin continues unchanged even after sin occurs.
וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר שֶׁיִּצְטָרֵךְ לְרַחֲמִים אֲפִלּוּ קֹדֶם שֶׁיֶּחֱטָא, אִם אֵין לוֹ זְכוּת שֶׁהוּא קִיּוּם מִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה לֵיהָנוֹת מֵהֶם, הוּא הָאָדוֹן יָחֹן אוֹתוֹ בְּרַחֲמִים. וְהִנֵּה לְפָנֶיךָ מִקְרָא (דברים יא:יג): ״וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ וְגוֹ׳ וְנָתַתִּי מְטַר״ וְגוֹ׳, הֲרֵי שֶׁבִּשְׂכַר מַעֲשֶׂה הַטּוֹב יָבֹא הַטּוֹב, וְאִם הָיָה אָדָם אָנוּס וְלֹא לָמַד וְכוּ׳ אֵין לוֹ לֹא שָׂכָר וְלֹא עֹנֶשׁ וּבַמֶּה יְרֻחַם, לָזֶה אָמַר ה׳ קֹדֶם שֶׁיֶּחֱטָא, וְהוּא חִדּוּשׁ. וְעוֹד אֲפִלּוּ הִתְעִיב מַעֲשָׂיו וְעָבַר עַל מִצְוֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה יִתְנַהֵג עִמּוֹ בְּרַחֲמִים. עוֹד יִרְצֶה לְהוֹדִיעַ כִּי כְּשֶׁיֵּטִיב ה׳ בְּרַחֲמָיו לְאִישׁ, הֲגַם שֶׁיֶּחֱטָא לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִטּוּבוֹ דָּבָר, וְתִהְיֶה הַמִּדָּה שֶׁהָיָה בָּהּ קוֹדֶם מִתְנַהֶגֶת גַּם אַחַר שֶׁחָטָא. לָזֶה אָמַר רַחֲמִים שֶׁקּוֹדֶם שֶׁיֶּחֱטָא לְהַשְׁווֹת לָהֶם רַחֲמִים שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אַחַר שֶׁיֶּחֱטָא. וּבָזֶה נָחָה דַּעְתִּי בִּרְאוֹת כִּי לֹא יִשְׁתַּנֶּה טוּב הָרְשָׁעִים וְלֹא כְלוּם כִּי כֵן הִיא הַמִּדָּה.
I believe that a person is in need of G'd's attribute of Mercy even before he has committed a sin unless he had acquired merits through the performance of G'd's commandments. The merit acquired by performance of positive commandments entitles a person to have G'd invoke the attribute of Mercy on his behalf. Examination of Deut. 11,13 will demonstrate my point. The Torah writes: "It will be as a result of your hearkening diligently to My commandments ….and perform them,…I will give the rain of your land in its season…and you will gather in your harvest, etc." This shows that as a result of performing a good deed one will become the recipient of G'd's goodness. If, on the other hand, a person has been prevented from performing G'd's commandments by circumstances beyond his control he will neither receive the reward promised by the Torah for the performance of the commandments nor will he be punished for non-performance. How then would G'd's Mercy become evident? This is why the Torah refers to G'd's Mercy as something that needs to be invoked even before a person commits a sin. This "Mercy" will assure such a person of a harvest, etc., even if he had been unable to establish a claim to G'd's goodness. In addition, G'd promised Moses that He would invoke His attribute of Mercy even on behalf of people guilty of sinful conduct. G'd informed Moses of another aspect of the attribute of Mercy by telling him [by means of the repetition Ed.] that a sinner would not forfeit any of G'd's goodness which he had been in line for before he sinned, and before G'd invoked His attribute of Mercy on his behalf. This thought has helped me make peace with the fact that we observe the wicked who have been spared through G'd's attribute of Mercy continue to prosper to the same degree as they prospered before G'd invoked the attribute of Mercy on their behalf.
Source 9 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Numbers
Or HaChaim on Numbers 6:24
The passage explains that blessing is mentioned before protection because God will command protection according to the measure and greatness of the blessing, and further suggests that the blessing will be so great that God will need to protect you from harm that might result from abundance, similar to the warning about eating and becoming satisfied.
הִקְדִּים הַבְּרָכָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הַשְּׁמִירָה, לוֹמַר שֶׁיְּצַוֶּה ה׳ שְׁמִירָתוֹ לָהֶם לְפִי עֵרֶךְ הַבְּרָכָה וּגְדֻלָּתָהּ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה שֶׁכָּל כָּךְ תִּהְיֶה גְּדֻלַּת הַבְּרָכָה עַד שֶׁיִּצְטָרֵךְ ה׳ לִשְׁמָרְךָ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה יְבָרֶכְךָ וְלֹא יְסֻבַּב רָעָה מֵהַבְּרָכָה כְּדֶרֶךְ ״פֶּן תֹּאכַל וְשָׂבָעְתָּ״ וְגוֹ׳ (דברים ח:יב).
Source 10 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 20:1
God spoke the Ten Commandments using both the attribute of judgment and the attribute of mercy, delivering all the commandments in a single utterance with divine power, and the Torah must be accepted in its entirety as one cannot truly possess the Torah while rejecting even a single commandment.
וַיְדַבֵּר וְגוֹ׳ אֶת כָּל הַדְּבָרִים וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם זִכְרוֹן שֵׁם אֱלֹהִים בִּנְתִינַת תּוֹרָה, לוֹמַר כִּי הַתּוֹרָה נִתְּנָה מִמִּדַּת הַדִּין וּמִמִּדַּת הָרַחֲמִים, מִדַּת הַדִּין וַיְדַבֵּר אֱלֹהִים, מִדַּת רַחֲמִים אָנֹכִי ה׳, עוֹד הוֹדִיעַ סוֹד אָמְרוֹ (מלכים א יח:לט) ״ה׳ הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים״, כִּי דִּבֵּר אֱלֹהִים אָנֹכִי ה׳, וְהוּא מַה שֶׁאָנוּ מְיַחֲדִים פַּעֲמַיִם בְּאַהֲבָה בְּפָסוּק ״שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ ה׳ אֶחָד״: עוֹד יִרְצֶה בְּאָמְרוֹ אֵת כָּל הַדְּבָרִים, לוֹמַר כִּי אֵין חֵפֶץ בִּמְקַבֵּל תּוֹרָה אֶלָּא אִם יְקַבֵּל כָּל הַתּוֹרָה, וְכָל הַמְקַבֵּל עָלָיו תּוֹרָה חוּץ מִמִּצְוָה אַחַת אֵין לוֹ תּוֹרָה (בכורות ל:). עוֹד יִרְצֶה עַל פִּי מַה שֶׁהִקְדַּמְתִּי בְּפָרָשַׁת בְּרֵאשִׁית, כִּי כְּשֶׁיְּדַבֵּר ה׳ בְּתִגְבֹּרֶת הַמְכֻנֵּית לְשֵׁם אֱלֹהִים, יְדַבֵּר דְּבָרִים מֻפְלָאִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין הַפֶּה יָכוֹל לְדַבֵּר, וְהוּא שֶׁיֹּאמַר הַדְּבָרִים שְׁלֵמִים וְכֵן רַבִּים בְּדִבּוּר אֶחָד כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה בִּבְרִיאַת עוֹלָם, כְּמוֹ כֵן בְּיוֹם מַתַּן תּוֹרָה דִּבֵּר בְּתִגְבֹּרֶת אֶת כָּל הַדְּבָרִים בְּדִבּוּר אֶחָד.
וידבר אלוקים את כל הדברים האלה, G'd spoke all these words, etc. The reason we find the attribute of Justice, i.e. אלוקים mentioned at this point is that G'd gave the Torah to the Jewish people in His capacity as the attribute of Justice as well as in His capacity as the attribute of Mercy. The words וירד אלוקים reflect the attribute of Justice, whereas the words אנכי השם reflect the attribute of Mercy. By saying אנכי ה׳ אלוקיך, G'd also revealed the mystical dimension of both attributes being part of the same essence, something we repeat twice daily when we recite the first line of קריאת שמע prayer. When the Torah writes: את כל הדברים, this is a reminder that one cannot accept Torah piecemeal. Anyone who accepts all of the Torah's commandments bar one is considered as having rejected the whole Torah (Bechorot 30). I have explained in my introduction to פרשת בראשית that when G'd speaks in His capacity as אלוקים, He utters words which are so exalted that a human mouth cannot utter these words or comprehend them. I postulated that the entire Ten Commandments were a single utterance. There were many such utterances by G'd in His capacity as אלוקים during the directives He gave while creating the universe. We may therefore view the revelation at Mount Sinai and the Ten Commandments as a re-enactment of the creation of the universe.
Source 11 · Acharonim
idea-groundedOr HaChaim on Leviticus 19:2
Or HaChaim on Leviticus 19:2
Or HaChaim considers the command to be holy as a central concept, explaining the pathways to achieving holiness and the necessity of sanctification in everyday life.
Source 12 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Genesis
Or HaChaim on Genesis 1:31:1
The passage explains that God's creation was recognized as good only through humanity, since goodness cannot be distinguished except through humans who acknowledge and give thanks to the Benefactor, and God emphasized this by saying "behold it was very good" after creating humans—because while God's work is inherently good, humans possess free choice and can corrupt His works through evil actions.
בְּאֶמְצָעוּת בְּרִיאַת הָאָדָם נִרְאָה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בִּכְלָלוּתוֹ כִּי טוֹב הוּא, כִּי אִם אֵין אָדָם מַה תּוֹעֶלֶת בְּכָל הַתִּקּוּן וּבְכָל הַבְּרִיאָה וְצִמְחֵי הָאֲדָמָה, כִּי אֵין הַבְחָנַת טוֹבָה נִכֶּרֶת אֶלָּא בְּאֶמְצָעוּת הָאָדָם, כִּי אֵלָיו יֻכַּר וְיֻבְחַן הַטּוֹב וְיוֹדֶה לַמֵּטִיב. וְאָמְרוֹ תֵּבַת וְהִנֵּה מַה שֶׁלֹּא דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר בַּיָּמִים שֶׁאָמַר בָּהֶם ״כִּי טוֹב״, לֶהֱיוֹת כִּי הָאָדָם מָצִינוּ לוֹ שֶׁקִּלְקֵל מַעֲשָׂיו וְעָשָׂה מַעֲשֵׂה הָרַע, לָזֶה דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר וְהִנֵּה כִּי מַה שֶׁהָיָה אָז לְצַד מַעֲשֵׂה ה׳ טוֹב הָיָה מְאֹד, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הוּא הָאָדָם בִּקֵּשׁ חִשְּׁבוֹנוֹת רַבּוֹת לְצַד הֱיוֹת הַבְּחִירָה בְּיָדוֹ לְהָרַע אוֹ לְהֵיטִיב וְשָׁלַל הַטּוֹב וְהִוָּה בְּמַעֲשָׂיו בְּחִינַת הָרַע, אֲבָל לְצַד מַעֲשֵׂה ה׳ לֹא בָּרָא אֶלָּא לְצַד הַטּוֹב.
Source 13 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 19:1
The passage explains that God delayed giving the Torah until the third month not due to lack of desire, but because the Israelites needed time to purify themselves through seven weeks of counting after leaving Egypt, demonstrating God's great love for them by not prolonging their journey without the wedding of receiving the Torah.
בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וְגוֹ׳. הִנֵּה לְמַה שֶׁקָּדַם מֵעֹצֶם חִבָּתוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְגֹדֶל חֶשְׁקוֹ לָתֵת לָהֶם אֲרוּסָתָם זֹאת הַתּוֹרָה, תִּקְשֶׁה לָמָּה נִתְעַכֵּב ה׳ מִתֵּת הַתּוֹרָה עַד חֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי, כִּי מִן סִימָנֵי הָאַהֲבָה הִיא שֶׁלֹּא יִתְעַכֵּב חוֹשֵׁק מִבֹּא לַחֲשׁוּקָתוֹ. וְאִם לְצַד הַדֶּרֶךְ, הֲלֹא מָצִינוּ שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ לֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר עֶבֶד אַבְרָהָם קָפְצָה לוֹ הָאָרֶץ (סנהדרין צה,א) בְּלֶכְתּוֹ לָקַחַת אִשָּׁה לְיִצְחָק, וּמִכָּל שֶׁכֵּן וְקַל וָחֹמֶר לַחֲתֻנַּת נְשִׂיאַת רֹאשׁ כִּי תִּקְפֹּץ הָאָרֶץ וְגַם הַשָּׁמַיִם אִם יִצְטָרְכוּ לָהּ. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן בָּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְנָתַן אֲמַתְלָא לַדָּבָר, כִּי לֹא מִעוּט הַחֵשֶׁק הוּא הַסּוֹבֵב, אֶלָּא לְצַד הַכְשָׁרַת הֶחָתָן, כִּי לֹא הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל רְאוּיִים לְצַד שֶׁהָיוּ בָּאָרֶץ הַטְּמֵאָה וְהָיוּ לְנִדָּה בֵּינֵיהֶם, וְהֻצְרְכוּ לִסְפֹּר סְפִירַת טָהֳרָתָם שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת כְּדֶרֶךְ שִׁבְעָה נְקִיִּים אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה׳ לְזָבָה (זהר ח״ג צז:), וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ לְצֵאת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, פֵּרוּשׁ, לְסִבַּת יְצִיאָתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם הוּא הַסּוֹבֵב עַכָּבַת הַדָּבָר עַד הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי. וְהָרְאָיָה, כִּי כְּשֶׁקָּרְבוּ יְמֵי הַכְשָׁרָתָם בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם נָסְעוּ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם בָּאוּ, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה, פֵּרוּשׁ, שֶׁנָּסְעוּ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם בָּאוּ, וְכֵן הוּבָא בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שבת פז:) שֶׁבַּיּוֹם שֶׁנָּסְעוּ בּוֹ בָּאוּ. וְהִצַּצְתִּי בָּעִנְיָן וָאֶרְאֶה עֹצֶם חִשְׁקוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּכֶּרֶת מִתּוֹךְ מַעֲשָׂיו, בְּהָעִיר לָמָּה הִטְרִיחָם ה׳ בַּדֶּרֶךְ עַד הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי. וְאִם לַסִּבָּה שֶׁכָּתַבְנוּ עֲדַיִן תִּקְשֶׁה שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לִקְפֹּץ הָאָרֶץ וּלְהַגִּיעַ לְמִדְבַּר סִינַי בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם, וְשָׁם יִתְעַכְּבוּ עַד סְפֹר שִׁבְעָה שָׁבוּעוֹת וְיִהְיֶה זְמַן הַכּוֹשֶׁר כַּנִּזְכָּר. אָכֵן זֶה יַגִּיד עֹצֶם חֵשֶׁק נְתִינַת הַתּוֹרָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, כִּי לְגוֹדֶל חִשְׁקוֹ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בָּהֶם לֹא רָצָה לַהֲבִיאָם וּלְהִתְעַכֵּב זְמַן אָרוֹךְ בְּלֹא חֲתוּנָּה בְּבֵית חַתְנוּת, וְלָזֶה הָיָה מְמַעֵט הַיָּמִים בְּרִחוּק מָקוֹם. וְתִקַּח לְךָ שִׁעוּרָן שֶׁל דְּבָרִים מֵחָשׁוּק וַחֲשׁוּקָתוֹ, כִּי לֹא יִצְטַעֵר בְּעַכָּבָתוֹ מִבּוֹא אֵלֶיהָ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעוּ עֵת דּוֹדִים וַעֲדַיִן לֹא עָלְתָה כַּלָּה לְחֻפָּתָהּ, אֲשֶׁר לֹא כֵן בְּעֵת כַּלָּה בְּחֻפָּתָהּ לֹא יַעֲצוֹר כֹּחַ לְעַכֵּב בִּיאָתוֹ אֵלֶיהָ:
בחדש השלישי לצאת בני ישראל, In the third month after the Exodus of the children of Israel, etc. Considering G'd's love for Israel and His urgent desire to give them their fiancee (the Torah), it is difficult to understand why G'd waited until the third month after the Exodus. One of the signs of fondness for one's counterpart is that one does not allow obstacles to stand in the way of one's joining the beloved. We have instances in the Torah when G'd even accelerated the union of lover and beloved such as when Eliezer traversed the distance from the Holy Land (Hebron) to Aram Naharayim in a single day (G'd having telescoped the earth under his feet) only in order to bring about the union of Isaac and Rebeccah even more speedily than was possible without this miracle (compare Sanhedrin 95). In view of this, we could have expected G'd to at least do the same for the Israelites and ensure their arrival at Mount Sinai immediately after they had crossed the Sea of Reeds. G'd therefore felt called upon to explain that the fact that מתן תורה was delayed somewhat was not to be interpreted as a lack of ardour of the bride for the groom but was due to the groom not being properly prepared before that date. Having spent so many years in a country full of all kinds of abominations, the Israelites had absorbed much of the spiritual pollution prevailing in Egypt and they required 49 days during which they progressively cleansed themselves of these pollutants and readied themselves for their bride. According to the Zohar third volume page 97 the seven weeks that we count between Passover and Shavuot are to be viewed as seven times the 7 day purification rite that a זבה, a woman suffering from a vaginal discharge, has to undergo before she is ritually pure. When the Torah speaks of לצאת בני ישראל ממצרים, this is not to be understood as a date as much as a cause. Seeing the point of departure of the Israelites was Egypt (and not some other place), it required a certain number of days before the groom could ready himself spiritually for union with a bride such as the Torah. As soon as the Israelites were close to regaining their spiritual purity, i.e. on the first of the third month, they immediately arrived at their destination at Mount Sinai. The Torah describes arrival in the desert of Sinai and arrival opposite the Mountain as occurring practically simultaneously. We find confirmation of this in Shabbat 87 where the Talmud states: "on the day they travelled they arrived." Reviewing all these events I have asked myself that if our perception is correct, why did G'd not telescope the earth underneath the Israelites and bring them to Mount Sinai immediately? They could then have awaited the proper moment for מתן תורה at the end of seven weeks while encamped at Mount Sinai However, I have concluded that G'd demonstrated His love for the people by the manner in which He did things. Had He allowed the Israelites to encamp at Mount Sinai immediately and had then made them wait for seven weeks before giving them the Torah, this would not have reflected His love for the people. You do not make the lover wait an inordinate amount of time in the presence of his beloved. G'd therefore chose to reduce the number of days the Israelites were encamped at Mount Sinai prior to the revelation to a minimum. As long a a groom is not aware that the time for the wedding is at hand he does not consider the absence of his bride as painful. Once the time is at hand and the bride is missing he does get upset. The Israelites' sojourn in the desert prior to their arrival in the desert of Sinai has to be viewed in that vein.
Source 14 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Genesis
Or HaChaim on Genesis 37:1
The passage explains that Jacob settled in the land as a stranger rather than as an owner, demonstrating his righteousness, even though God had specifically given him the land as an inheritance, and this status continued until the events involving Joseph led to the family's descent to Egypt and eventual return to inherit the land.
אָכֵן לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁקָּדַם לוֹמַר בַּפָּרָשָׁה הַקּוֹדֶמֶת וְהוֹדִיעַ כִּי עֵשָׂו אָחִיו יָרַשׁ אֶת הַר שֵׂעִיר מִכֹּחַ זְכוּת אָבִיו, חָל עַל הַכָּתוּב לְהוֹדִיעַ יְרֻשַּׁת יַעֲקֹב. וְאָמַר וַיֵּשֶׁב וְגוֹ׳, נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהוֹדִיעַ מִדַּת טוּבוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנַהֵג בָּאָרֶץ אֶלָּא בְּגֵרוּת, הֲגַם שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁעֵשָׂו יָרַשׁ יְרֻשָּׁתוֹ וְהָאָדוֹן דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר אֵלָיו שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ בְּיִחוּד אֶת הָאָרֶץ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי בַּפָּרָשָׁה הַקּוֹדֶמֶת (בראשית ל״ה:י״ב) בְּפָסוּק ״לְךָ אֶתְּנֶנָּה״, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא עָשָׂה בּוֹ רֹשֶׁם וְהָיָה מִתְגּוֹרֵר בְּגֵרוּת כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן פֵּרוּשׁ: שֶׁהָיָה מִתְנַהֵג בָּהּ כְּאֶרֶץ לֹא לוֹ אֶלָּא אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן. אוֹ יֹאמַר, הֲגַם שֶׁהִיא אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן הַנִּתֶּנֶת לוֹ מוֹרָשָׁה, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן הָיָה גֵּר בָּהּ עַד שֶׁנִּתְגַּלְגְּלוּ הַדְּבָרִים עַל יְדֵי תּוֹלְדוֹת יוֹסֵף, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ אֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת יַעֲקֹב יוֹסֵף וְגוֹ׳, וְנִמְכַּר לְמִצְרַיִם וְיָרְדוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ מִצְרַיִם, וְהֶעֱלָה אוֹתָם הַמַּבְטִיחַ לְקַיֵּם הַבְטָחָתוֹ אֶל הָאָרֶץ וְיָרְשׁוּ נַחֲלָתָם.
However, since the Torah told us in the preceding paragraph that Jacob's brother Esau inherited the land of Se-ir thanks to the merit of his fathers, the Torah also had to tell us what Jacob's heritage was. The entire verse is an acknowledgment of Jacob's goodness. Although he had noted that his brother had inherited the land of Har Se-ir (see my commentary on 35,12), he, Jacob did not do so but was content to continue on the basis of his fathers who had merely considered themselves as sojourning on that land, i.e. he still viewed it as ארץ כנען. Another possibility is that it is called here the land of Canaan which had been given to Jacob by G'd as an inheritance although he personally conducted himself there as if he were only an alien until the trouble with Joseph happened. This is one of the meanings of: "These are the developments of Jacob, Joseph." It means that effectively, the history of the development of the Jews as a people began with the sale of Joseph, the subsequent descent into Egypt, how G'd redeemed them from there and kept His promise and how they eventually inherited the land of Caanan.
Source 15 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 20:2:1
The passage explains that God's introduction "I am the Lord your God" is followed by the reason for the commandments - that He took Israel out of Egypt, a place of intense imprisonment where captives were never released, which was compounded by the impurity of Egypt and the status of the Israelites as slaves there.
טַעַם כֶּפֶל אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ וְגוֹ׳ מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים, פְּשַׁט הַדְּבָרִים הוּא שֶׁכַּוָּנָתוֹ לְהַגְדִּיל עוֹצֶם שְׁבִיָּתָם שֶׁהָיוּ בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, מָקוֹם שֶׁאֲסִירָיו לֹא פָתַח (ישעיהו יד:יז) וְגוֹ׳, נוֹסָף עַל הַפְלָגַת טֻמְאָתָהּ, וְעוֹד שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁם בְּגֶדֶר עֲבָדִים וְהוֹצִיאָנוּ ה׳.
Source 16 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Deuteronomy
Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 6:5
The passage explains that loving God requires first establishing fear of God, and that through this love one becomes attached to God and achieves a level where God's name becomes uniquely united with the person, as exemplified by Abraham who was beloved of God, and this love is awakened in the Jewish heart through recognizing that God chose to be their God and deserves praise.
וְאָהַבְתָּ. אָמַר בְּתוֹסֶפֶת וָא״ו, לוֹמַר מִלְּבַד מִצְוַת שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא קַבָּלַת עֹל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם הִיא מִצְוַת אַהֲבַת ה׳. עוֹד יִרְצֶה לְהָעִיר לְהַקּוֹדֵם לָאַהֲבָה עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (זוהר ח״ג נו.) אֵין אָדָם מַשִּׂיג גֶּדֶר הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתַּקְדִּים בּוֹ הַיִּרְאָה, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וְאָהַבְתָּ מִלְּבַד גֶּדֶר הַיִּרְאָה. וְאָמְרוֹ אֶת ה׳ פֵּרוּשׁ עַל יְדֵי הָאַהֲבָה אָדָם מִתְדַּבֵּק בַּה׳, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ ״אֶת ה׳״. עוֹד יִרְצֶה שֶׁעַל יְדֵי אַהֲבַת ה׳ יַשִּׂיג מַדְרֵגָה זוֹ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה ה׳ מְיַחֵד שְׁמוֹ עָלָיו בְּיִחוּד, כְּדֶרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (בראשית כח:יג) ״אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק״, וּפֵרוּשׁ שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד רָאוּי בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְיַחֵד שֵׁם אֱלֹהוּתוֹ עָלָיו. וְתִמְצָא שֶׁאַבְרָהָם בֵּאֵר בּוֹ הַכָּתוּב שֶׁהָיָה אָהוּב, דִּכְתִיב (ישעיה מא:ח) ״זֶרַע אַבְרָהָם אֹהֲבִי״, וּכְמוֹ כֵן רָמַז הַכָּתוּב כָּאן שֶׁכָּל שֶׁאָהוּב ה׳ יִקָּרֵא ה׳ אֱלֹהָיו בְּיִחוּד, וְתֵיבַת ה׳ נִמְשֶׁכֶת לְפָנֶיהָ וּלְאַחֲרֶיהָ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה לְעוֹרֵר לֵב אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאַהֲבַת ה׳ עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ילקוט שמעוני סוף פרשת נח) בְּפָסוּק ״יוֹשֵׁב תְּהִלּוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל״ (תהלים כב:ד), שֶׁלֹּא בָּחַר ה׳ מִכָּל הַתְּהִלּוֹת זוּלַת כְּשֶׁהִלְּלוּהוּ וְאָמְרוּ לְפָנָיו ״בָּרוּךְ ה׳ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, אָז יָשַׁב עַל כִּסֵּא מַלְכוּת עוֹלָם. וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וְאָהַבְתָּ אֶת ה׳ לְטַעַם זֶה שֶׁלֹּא בָּחַר לִהְיוֹת אֶלָּא אֱלֹהֶיךָ. וּבְהָעִיר הָאָדָם לִבּוֹ לִפְרָטִים כָּאֵלּוּ תִּתְנַתֵּק נַפְשׁוֹ וְתִתַּר מִמְּקוֹמָהּ בְּהִתְעוֹרְרוּת נִפְלָא וְרָם בְּאַהֲבַת הַנֶּאֱהָב יִתְעַלֶּה רוּם תִּפְאֶרֶת כְּבוֹדוֹ.
ואהבת את ה׳ אלוקיך, "And you shall love the Lord your G'd, etc." The conjunctive letter ו means that not only is there a commandment to accept the authority of the Kingdom of G'd but there is an additional commandment to love G'd. The sequence of the verses also teaches that we must not make the mistake of believing that love of G'd is possible without an initial dose of fear of the Lord. The Zohar volume three page 56 spells this out. The letter ו then means that after we have achieved a degree of fear of the Lord we will be able to develop love for Him. The reason the Torah uses the word את which implies joining something, is to teach us that the means to develop דבקות ה׳, an affinity for G'd, is by loving G'd in addition to fearing Him. Moreover, once we love G'd we can achieve the level of closeness to G'd which enables Him to be מיחד שמו עלינו, to freely associate His name with us, such as when G'd described Himself to Jacob in Genesis 28,13 as "the G'd of Abraham and the G'd of Isaac". Or, you find that the prophet Isaiah 41,9 quotes G'd as describing Israel as "the seed of Abraham who loved Me." Our verse hints that anyone who is beloved of G'd will experience that He associates His name with such a person. The word י־ה־ו־ה in our verse therefore is to be read both as referring to what precedes it as well as to what follows it. This verse is also designed to encourage the heart of the Israelite to love G'd, similar to what we have been taught by Yalkut Shimoni at the end of Parshat Noach where the author explains the verse ישב תהלות ישראל (Psalms 22,4) that the only one of all the praises offered to Him, He chose only the ones offered by Israel. Only after Israel had offered this form of praise did G'd assume His seat on His throne in the celestial regions. This is alluded to by the words ואהבת את ה׳ אלוקיך, as long as G'd has not become "your G'd," He is not prepared to reign as G'd at all. When a Jew is conscious of this he is bound to develop feelings of love for G'd.
Source 17 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Deuteronomy
Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 30:2
The phrase "and you shall return to God" indicates a complete return to God Himself, which goes beyond merely "returning to your heart" (recognizing one's wrongdoing); rather, true repentance before God to improve one's ways is the deeper level of return.
וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ. אָמְרוֹ ״וְשַׁבְתָּ״, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק בְּמַה שֶׁאָמַר ״וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ אֶל לְבָבֶךָ״, לְפִי מַה שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי כִּי ״וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ אֶל לְבָבֶךָ״ וְגוֹ׳ הוּא טַעֲנַת הַנִּצָּחוֹן לְלִבּוֹ הַטּוֹעֶה, וְזֶה לְעִנְיַן לְהַכִּיר כִּי לֹא טוֹב עָשָׂה, וְהַתְּשׁוּבָה לִפְנֵי ה׳ לְהֵיטִיב דְּרָכָיו הוּא מַאֲמַר ״וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד״.
Source 18 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Numbers
Or HaChaim on Numbers 11:10
God's anger was intense because those who seek to repent are stirred by the evil inclination and there is no greater evil than this, and what appeared bad to Moses was the same matter over which God's anger burned greatly, as the sages taught that God showed Moses the future punishment and Moses questioned whether it was fitting to give them meat and then kill them.
וַיִּחַר אַף ה׳ מְאֹד. טַעַם מְאֹד, לְצַד שֶׁכָּל עוֹשֶׂה רִשְׁעָה לְצַד תִּגְבֹּרֶת הַפִּתּוּי וַעֲרֵבוּת הָאִסּוּר יֵשׁ לָדוּן בּוֹ צַד הָאוֹנֶס, אֲבָל אֵלּוּ שֶׁמְּבַקְשִׁים לָשׁוּב הֲרֵי הֵם כִּמְגָרִים בָּהֶם יֵצֶר הָרַע וְאֵין גָּדֵר רַע גָּדוֹל בָּזֶה. וּבְעֵינֵי מֹשֶׁה רָע. כִּי יַקְפִּיד הָאִישׁ עַל מַעֲשֵׂה יָדָיו, וְצֵא וּלְמַד מִמַּה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּשְׁמוּאֵל (תענית ה.) שֶׁחִסְּרוּ מִיָּמָיו שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶה בָּרָעָה אֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא אֶת שָׁאוּל, וּכְמוֹ כֵן רַע עַל מֹשֶׁה מַעֲשֶׂה בִּלְתִּי הָגוּן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. עוֹד יִרְצֶה עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ שֶׁרַע בְּעֵינֵי מֹשֶׁה מַה שֶׁחָרָה ה׳ אַפּוֹ מְאֹד כָּל כָּךְ, וּכְמַאֲמָרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ספרי חלק א צה) שֶׁהֶרְאָה ה׳ לְמֹשֶׁה פֻּרְעָנוּת שֶׁעָתִיד לְהָבִיא וְאָמַר לְפָנָיו: ״רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, וְכִי הָגוּן הוּא שֶׁתִּתֵּן לָהֶם בָּשָׂר וְתַהַרְגֵם״ וְכוּ׳, עַד כָּאן:
ויחר אף ה׳ מאד. G'd's anger was kindled very much. The reason why the Torah describes G'd's anger as מאד, "very much," is that people who fall victim to seduction by Satan have been victimised, in a sense. The same could not be said of the people described in our paragraph who had actually provoked the evil urge within themselves. There is no category of sin which is greater than that. ובעיני משה רע, and it was wicked in the eyes of Moses. Man is upset if something he considers his own creation does not live up to his expectations. You may find an illustration of this when the prophet Samuel is reported as having aged prematurely and died as a result of the anguish of seeing King Saul whom he had crowned not having met the challenge of wiping out Amalek. In order to save Samuel from experiencing Saul's death at the hands of the Philistines (compare Taanit 5) G'd had him die prematurely. Moses too was upset at Israel acting in a manner not befitting them. Alternatively, we may understand the words ובעיני משה רע as referring to G'd's anger. It displeased Moses that G'd had become so angry at the Israelites on this account. According to Sifri 1,95 G'd gave Moses a preview of the punishment He was going to exact from Israel on account of this misdemeanour. Moses reacted by asking G'd whether He really considered it fair to feed the Israelites meat only to let them die as a result of their eating the meat.
Source 19 · Acharonim
VerifiedOr HaChaim on Exodus
Or HaChaim on Exodus 3:4
Moshe was a prophet even before he was born and recognized the one calling to him, unlike Shmuel who did not initially recognize the voice addressing him.
לֹא כִּשְׁמוּאֵל שֶׁלֹּא הִכִּיר הַקּוֹרֵא (שמואל א ג:ד), כִּי מֹשֶׁה נָבִיא הָיָה בְּטֶרֶם יָצָא מִבֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ וְהִכִּיר הַקּוֹרֵא.