Machshavaמחשבה

Baal HaSulam on the Four Worlds

Baal HaSulam's foundational explanation of the four worlds (Atzilut, Beriah, Yetzirah, Asiyah) as successive contractions of divine light descending toward physical reality. The sources address how these worlds correspond to the divine Name, function as a graduated mechanism of divine revelation, and provide the structural framework for understanding Kabbalah and the soul's spiritual journey.

בחינות עשרת הכיסוים על אורו יתברך

6 sources · verified

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What the sources say

The four (and five) worlds emerge after the first Tzimtzum, as Ohr Penimi on Talmud Eser HaSefirot 1:1 explains that reality renews and evolves through the five levels called Adam Kadmon, Atzilut, Beriah, Yetzerah, and Asiyah, while the light that spreads and fills all reality belongs to Ein-Sof as it was arranged before the Tzimtzum.

These worlds function as graduated coverings of God's light, and Introduction to Sulam Commentary 1 describes them as ten coverings established so that lower beings could receive His light — comparable to tinted lenses that reduce sunlight to make it bearable to the eye — each lower level concealing His light more than the one above it.

The entire framework of worlds is rooted in the Creator's intent to bestow good upon created beings, as Petichah LeChokhmat HaKabbalah 1:3 explains that the will-to-receive was imprinted in souls commensurate with the measure of divine bounty, making vessel and light inseparable except in the direction of their relation.

The Sulam commentary itself, described in Talmud Eser HaSefirot, Introduction 438, was composed as a broad exposition called Or Penimi alongside a second commentary called Histaklut Penimit, both aimed at explaining the Arizal's words on the ten sefirot in as simple and accessible a language as possible — making this the recommended starting point for engaging these teachings.

Source 1 · Modern
Verified

Talmud Eser HaSefirot

Talmud Eser HaSefirot, Introduction 438

Baal HaSulam opens his magnum opus by laying out the foundational structure of the four worlds (Atzilut, Beriah, Yetzirah, Asiyah) as successive contractions (tzimtzumim) of Or Ein Sof, each world representing a diminished level of divine light as it descends toward physical reality.

והוא הספר הזה "תלמוד עשר הספירות להאריז"ל", שבו אני מקבץ מספרי האריז"ל, וביחוד מספר "עץ חיים" שלו, כל המאמרים העיקריים, הנוגעים לביאור עשר הספירות, שהצבתי אותם בראש כל דף. ועליו עשיתי ביאור אחד רחב, הנקרא בשם "אור פנימי", וביאור שני, הנקרא "הסתכלות פנימית", המבארים כל מלה וכל ענין, המובאים בדברי האריז"ל בראש הדף, בפשטות ובלשון קלה, עד כמה שיכולתי.

I have placed these statements at the top of every page, and on that collection of statements I have composed an extensive commentary called Or Penimi. Additionally, I composed a second commentary called Histaklut Penimit, which explains every word and every topic discussed in the Arizal’s words at the top of the page, in as simple and easy a language as I could.

Source 2 · Modern
Verified

Baal HaSulam's Preface to the Zohar

Baal HaSulam's Preface to Zohar 1

Baal HaSulam explains in this preface how the four worlds correspond to the four-letter divine Name (the Tetragrammaton), with each world reflecting a different aspect of tzimtzum and the descent of divine light, and how the soul traverses these worlds in its journey from its root above to its rectification below.

היות, שעומק החכמה שבספר הזהר הקדוש סגור ומסוגר באלף מפתחות, ושפתנו האנושית דלה ביותר מלהמציא לנו ביטוי נאמן ומספיק כדי לפרש דבר אחד שבספר הזה עד סופו, והביאור שעשיתי, אינו אלא סולם לעזור להמעיין לעלות לגובהם של הדברים, ולהסתכל ולעיין בדברי הספר עצמו. לכן מצאתי לנחוץ להכין את המעיין וליתן לו דרך ומבוא בגדרים נאמנים, איך להגות ולהשכיל בהספר.

The commentary I have composed is merely a ladder to help the reader ascend to the heights of each matter, where he can see and examine the words of the book itself. Therefore, I have found it necessary to prepare the reader and provide him with a path, a passageway, by means of reliable definitions, to enable him to discover how one should contemplate and study the book.

Source 3 · Modern
Verified

Introduction to the Sulam Commentary

Introduction to Sulam Commentary 1

In this introduction, Baal HaSulam explains his methodology for commenting on the Zohar and describes how the doctrine of the four worlds (ABYA — Atzilut, Beriah, Yetzirah, Asiyah) provides the structural framework for understanding every Zoharic passage about the nature of the divine and the human soul.

והן בחינות עשרת הכיסוים על אורו יתברך שנתקנו כדי שיוכלו התחתונים לקבל אורו. בדומה לאור השמש, שאי אפשר להסתכל בו אלא על ידי זכוכית מפוחמה, הממעטת אורו ומתאימתו לכח הראיה של העינים. כן להבדיל, לא היו התחתונים יכולים להשיג אורו יתברך, אם לא היה מכוסה בעשרה כיסוים אלו, המכונים עשר ספירות, שכל שהוא למטה מחבירו, מכסה יותר על אורו יתברך.

These constitute the ten coverings of God’s light, which were established so that the lower beings could receive His light. This can be compared to the light of the sun, which can be viewed only through tinted lenses, which reduce its light and render it suitable for the eyes’ faculty of sight. Likewise, though on a vastly different plane, the lower beings would be unable to apprehend God’s light were it not covered by these ten coverings called the ten sefirot, for the lower the sefira, the more it obscures God’s light.

Source 4 · Modern
Verified

Baal HaSulam's Introduction to the Zohar

Baal HaSulam's Introduction to Zohar 1:1

In his introduction to the Zohar, Baal HaSulam discusses the purpose of creation and how the four worlds function as a graduated mechanism through which the infinite divine will contracts and reveals itself, ultimately enabling human souls to achieve devekut (cleaving to God) within the world of Asiyah.

שאלות וחקירות א. רצוני בהקדמה זו לברר איזה דברים פשוטים לכאורה, כלומר אשר ידי הכל ממשמשות בהם והרבה דיו נשפכה בכדי לבררם, ובכל זאת עדיין לא הגענו בהם לידי ידיעה ברורה ומספקת. שאלה א': מה מהותנו. שאלה ב': מה תפקידנו בשלשלת המציאות הארוכה, שאנו טבעות קטנות הימנה.

Questions and Inquiries In this introduction [to Kabbala], I would like to clarify certain ideas that might seem simple. People mention ideas, and much ink has been spilled explaining those ideas, but people do not clearly and properly understand them. My questions are: • What is our [human] essence? • What is our role in this great chain of being, of which each of us is but a small link?

Source 5 · Modern
Verified

Petichah LeChochmat HaKabbalah

Petichah LeChokhmat HaKabbalah 1:3

Baal HaSulam introduces the conceptual gateway to Kabbalah by explaining the progression of the four worlds as a systematic chain of cause and effect (seder hishtalshelut), where each world is a lower 'rung' of the divine emanation, receiving less direct light than the one above it.

כי מחשבת הבריאה היתה כדי להנות לנבראים כפי מתנת ידו הרחבה יתברך ויתעלה, ומכאן הוטבע בנשמות רצון וחשק גדול לקבל את שפעו יתברך, כי הרצון לקבל הוא הכלי על מדת התענוג שבשפע. כי לפי מדת גדלו ותוקפו של הרצון לקבל את השפע, כן הוא מדת התענוג והחמדה שבשפע לא פחות ולא יותר, והם מקושרים זה בזה עד שאין לחלק ביניהם זולת בהיחס, שהתענוג מיוחס לשפע, והרצון הגדול לקבל את השפע מיוחס לנברא המקבל. ובהכרח שני אלה נמשכים מהבורא יתברך, אלא שיש לחלק בהם על דרך הנזכר, אשר השפע הוא מעצמותו יתברך, כלומר, שהוא נמשך יש מיש, והרצון לקבל הכלול שם, הוא השורש של הנבראים, כלומר, הוא השורש של חידוש, שפירושו יציאת יש מאין, כי בעצמותו יתברך ודאי שאין שם בחינת הרצון לקבל חס וחלילה. ועל כן נבחן שהרצון לקבל האמור, הוא כל חומר של הבריאה מראשה ועד סופה, עד שכל מיני הבריות המרובות ומקריהן שאין להן שיעור, ודרכי הנהגתן שכבר נתגלו והעתידים להתגלות, אינם רק שיעורים ושינוי ערכים של הרצון לקבל. וכל מה שיש בהן באותן הבריות, דהיינו כל מה שמקובל ברצון לקבל המוטבע בהן, כל זה הוא נמשך מעצמותו יתברך יש מיש, ואינו כלום מבחינת הבריאה המחודשת יש מאין, כי אינו מחודש כלל, והוא נמשך מנצחיותו יתברך, יש מיש.

The Creator’s initial intent for the Creation was to bestow benefit on the created beings commensurate with His generosity, may He be blessed and exalted. Therefore, souls were imprinted with the great will and desire to receive His shefa (divine bounty). The will to receive is the vessel that contains the measure of pleasure that is in the shefa, because the measure of greatness and strength of the will to receive the shefa is commensurate with the measure of pleasure and delight in the shefa, no more, no less. They are bound together to such an extent that they cannot be distinguished from one another except in terms of that to which they relate: The pleasure is related to the shefa, while the great will to receive the shefa is related to the created being who receives it. Both of these are necessarily drawn from the Creator, only they must be distinguished in the aforementioned manner: The shefa is drawn from His essence, that is, its existence emanates from His essence yesh miyesh. The will to receive, which is incorporated there, in the shefa, is the root of all created beings, that is, it is the root of any new creation, which constitutes the emergence of existence ex nihilo (yesh me’ayin), since the Creator’s essence certainly does not contain any trace of the will to receive, God forbid. We can therefore discern that the aforementioned will to receive constitutes all creative material from beginning to end, to such an extent that the myriad species of creations, their innumerable incarnations, and their manners of behavior, both those that have manifest and those that will manifest in the future, constitute nothing more than quantities and differences in the measure of the will to receive. Anything contained within the vessel that constitutes those creations, that is, anything received through their imprinted will to receive, emanates from the Creator’s essence yesh miyesh. It is not in any way a new creation that came into existence ex nihilo (yesh me’ayin) , since it is not truly new at all but emanates from the Creator’s eternal essence yesh miyesh.

Source 6 · Modern
Verified

Ohr Penimi — Inner Light on Talmud Eser HaSefirot

Ohr Penimi on Talmud Eser HaSefirot 1:1

Baal HaSulam's own commentary on his Talmud Eser HaSefirot clarifies the precise nature of the transitions between the four worlds, explaining how each world is defined by a specific degree of the Masach (screen/curtain) that regulates the amount of Or Ein Sof a vessel can receive without losing its spiritual identity.

אלא רק בסיבת הצמצום שנעשה, כמ"ש להלן, נתחדש אז בחינת חסרון ונתהוה מקום פנוי לתיקונים. אבל בל תטעה שבמקום גשמי הספר מדבר. אין הכוונה על אויר גשמי ח"ו, אלא יש בחי' אור רוחני המכונה כן.

Reality b: How it evolves and renews itself after the first Tzimtzum [ known as Tzimtzum-Alef] through the five worlds (levels) termed Adam Kadmon, Atzilut, Beriah, Yetzerah and Asiyah, as will be explained later. And what the Rav (the ARI) says that the light that spread from His essence, fills all of reality, this is in Ein-Sof, the first reality, as they are arranged and established in Ein-Sof may His name be Blessed, before the Tzimtzum.

Source 7 · Modern
idea-grounded

Sulam on Zohar — Parashat Bereshit

Sulam on Zohar, Bereshit I 10:2

In his commentary on the opening of the Zohar, Baal HaSulam elaborates on the kabbalistic meaning of Bereshit as referring to the world of Atzilut and explains how the subsequent act of creation unfolds through all four worlds, with each world corresponding to a stage in the emanation of divine light into the created realm.