Tanakhתנ״ך

Jacob's Wrestling and the Name Israel

Jewish sources interpret Jacob's nighttime struggle at the Yabbok ford as a transformative spiritual encounter—whether understood as a battle with Esau's guardian angel, an internal prophetic vision, or a cosmic struggle that elevates divine potential. The renaming to Israel marks Jacob's triumph and his elevated spiritual status as one who prevails with God and humanity.

כִּי שָׂרִיתָ עִם אֱלֹהִים וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים וַתּוּכָל

22 sources · verified

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What the sources say

The pasuk itself establishes the core facts: Yaakov wrestled alone with a mysterious figure through the night, and when the figure could not prevail he wrenched Yaakov's hip; Yaakov refused to release him without a blessing, and the figure then renamed him Yisrael, explaining that he had 'striven with beings divine and human, and prevailed' — though the figure refused to reveal his own name. (Genesis)

A central dispute runs through the sources concerning the nature of the encounter: Chazal in Bereshit Rabbah identify the figure as Esau's guardian angel — the heavenly patron of Israel's great adversary — whose inability to prevail is likened to an athlete who buckles when he sees the king standing over his son, and Rashi follows this identification; the Rambam, by contrast, holds that the entire wrestling match took place within a prophetic vision, since the text itself ultimately identifies the figure as an angel, just as Abraham's encounter followed an initial declaration that 'the Lord appeared to him.' (Bereishit Rabbah – The Wrestler as Esav's Angel) (Rashi's Commentary on Genesis) (Rambam, Moreh Nevuchim – The Encounter as Prophetic Vision)

The Ramban reads the wound to Yaakov's hip as a prophetic sign about future generations: the angel 'touched all the righteous people who were destined to come from Jacob,' pointing to a generation when Esau — understood as Rome — would come close to uprooting Jacob's seed entirely, as occurred in the era of the Sages of the Mishnah during the period of religious persecution. (Ramban on Genesis)

On the name-change itself, the Sforno offers an eschatological reading: the name Yaakov encoded the promise of ultimate triumph 'at the end,' and once that triumph is realized there is no further need for a name pointing only to a future vindication; Yisrael, by contrast, is the name that confirms the striving has already been won — a condition the Sforno projects to the end of days when Israel survives the destruction of the nations. (Sforno – Yisrael as the Name of Spiritual Mastery)

The Malbim draws the sharpest conceptual distinction between the two names: Yaakov denotes Yaakov's natural, this-worldly mode of conduct, while Yisrael denotes the miraculous, divinely-directed mode in which divine influence rests upon him so fully that 'divine beings fear him and the children of God serve him'; yet because the miraculous is not constant, the name Yaakov was not abolished — unlike Avraham, whose original name was entirely replaced — so that both names remain in force depending on which dimension of his existence is operative. (Malbim on Genesis 35:10)

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Genesis

Genesis 32:23-33:3

In this biblical passage, Jacob wrestles with a mysterious man until daybreak. After prevailing, he is renamed Israel, which signifies 'he who struggles with God,' indicating a transformation and elevation in his spiritual and national identity.

וַיִּוָּתֵ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֵּאָבֵ֥ק אִישׁ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ עַ֖ד עֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ וַיַּ֗רְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ ל֔וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖ע בְּכַף־יְרֵכ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֙קַע֙ כַּף־יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּהֵאָֽבְק֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י עָלָ֖ה הַשָּׁ֑חַר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֲשַֽׁלֵּחֲךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שִׁמְךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־שָׂרִ֧יתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִ֛ים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַתּוּכָֽל׃ וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹת֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ וַיִּקְרָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב שֵׁ֥ם הַמָּק֖וֹם פְּנִיאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־רָאִ֤יתִי אֱלֹהִים֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים וַתִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁי׃

Jacob was left alone. And a figure wrestled with him until the break of dawn. When he saw that he had not prevailed against him, he wrenched Jacob’s hip at its socket, so that the socket of his hip was strained as he wrestled with him. Then he said, “Let me go, for dawn is breaking.” But he answered, “I will not let you go, unless you bless me.” Said the other, “What is your name?” He replied, “Jacob.” Said he, “Your name shall no longer be Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven with beings divine and human, and have prevailed.” Jacob asked, “Pray tell me your name.” But he said, “You must not ask my name!” And he took leave of him there. So Jacob named the place Peniel, meaning, “I have seen a divine being face to face, yet my life has been preserved.”

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Hoshea – The Prophet Recalls Yaakov's Struggle

Hosea 12:4-5:1

The prophet Hoshea references Yaakov's wrestling with the angel and weeping before him, interpreting the encounter as a paradigm of Israel's relationship with God — a struggle that culminates in divine encounter and covenant.

בַּבֶּ֖טֶן עָקַ֣ב אֶת־אָחִ֑יו וּבְאוֹנ֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ה אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ וַיָּ֤שַׂר אֶל־מַלְאָךְ֙ וַיֻּכָ֔ל בָּכָ֖ה וַיִּתְחַנֶּן־ל֑וֹ בֵּֽית־אֵל֙ יִמְצָאֶ֔נּוּ וְשָׁ֖ם יְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּֽנוּ׃

In the womb he tried to supplant his brother; Grown to manhood, he strove with a divine being, He strove with an angel and prevailed— The other had to weep and implore him. At Bethel [Jacob] would meet him, There to commune with him.

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Bereishit – The Struggle at the Yabbok

Genesis 32:25-33:1

The primary text describing Yaakov's nighttime wrestling with the mysterious 'ish' (man/angel), his hip socket being dislocated, and his receiving the new name Yisrael — 'for you have striven with God and with men and have prevailed.'

וַיִּוָּתֵ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֵּאָבֵ֥ק אִישׁ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ עַ֖ד עֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ וַיַּ֗רְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ ל֔וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖ע בְּכַף־יְרֵכ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֙קַע֙ כַּף־יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּהֵאָֽבְק֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י עָלָ֖ה הַשָּׁ֑חַר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֲשַֽׁלֵּחֲךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שִׁמְךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־שָׂרִ֧יתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִ֛ים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַתּוּכָֽל׃ וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹת֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ וַיִּקְרָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב שֵׁ֥ם הַמָּק֖וֹם פְּנִיאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־רָאִ֤יתִי אֱלֹהִים֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים וַתִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁי׃

Jacob was left alone. And a figure wrestled with him until the break of dawn. When he saw that he had not prevailed against him, he wrenched Jacob’s hip at its socket, so that the socket of his hip was strained as he wrestled with him. Then he said, “Let me go, for dawn is breaking.” But he answered, “I will not let you go, unless you bless me.” Said the other, “What is your name?” He replied, “Jacob.” Said he, “Your name shall no longer be Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven with beings divine and human, and have prevailed.” Jacob asked, “Pray tell me your name.” But he said, “You must not ask my name!” And he took leave of him there. So Jacob named the place Peniel, meaning, “I have seen a divine being face to face, yet my life has been preserved.”

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud, Berakhot

Berakhot 26b-27a

The Talmud discusses the nature of Jacob's struggle, interpreting it as a spiritual battle that includes employing the essence of time and prayer, casting Jacob's night-time struggle as a form of connection with the divine.

עַד שֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת, שֶׁהֲרֵי קׇרְבַּן מוּסַף קָרֵב וְהוֹלֵךְ עַד שֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא מִנְחָה גְדוֹלָה מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּמֶחֱצָה וּלְמַעְלָה. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא מִנְחָה קְטַנָּה מִתֵּשַׁע שָׁעוֹת וּמֶחֱצָה וּלְמַעְלָה. אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, פְּלַג מִנְחָה קַמָּא קָאָמַר אוֹ פְּלַג מִנְחָה אַחֲרוֹנָה קָאָמַר? תָּא שְׁמַע דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר:

Jacob instituted the evening prayer, as it is stated: “And he encountered [vayifga] the place and he slept there for the sun had set” (Genesis 28:11). The word encounter means nothing other than prayer, as it is stated when God spoke to Jeremiah: “And you, do not pray on behalf of this nation and do not raise on their behalf song and prayer, and do not encounter [tifga] Me for I do not hear you” (Jeremiah 7:16). Jacob prayed during the evening, after the sun had set.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Bereishit Rabbah – The Wrestler as Esav's Angel

Bereshit Rabbah 77:3

The Midrash identifies the mysterious wrestler as the guardian angel of Esav (Samael), and explains that the struggle took place in the form of a Torah scholar debating with Yaakov. The name change to Yisrael signifies Yaakov's mastery and triumph over the forces of impurity.

רַבִּי חָמָא בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר שָׂרוֹ שֶׁל עֵשָׂו הָיָה, הוּא דַּהֲוָה אָמַר לֵיהּ (בראשית לג, י): כִּי עַל כֵּן רָאִיתִי פָנֶיךָ כִּרְאֹת פְּנֵי אֱלֹהִים וַתִּרְצֵנִי, מָשָׁל לְאַתְּלֵיטוֹס שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד וּמִתְגּוֹשֵׁשׁ עִם בְּנוֹ שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ, תָּלָה עֵינָיו וְרָאָה אֶת הַמֶּלֶךְ עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבָּיו וְהִרְפִּישׁ עַצְמוֹ לְפָנָיו, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית לב, כו): וַיַּרְא כִּי לֹא יָכֹל לוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי וַיַּרְא בַּשְּׁכִינָה כִּי לֹא יָכֹל לוֹ.

Rabbi Ḥama ben Rabbi Ḥanina said: It was Esau’s guardian angel. That is what he said to him: “For therefore, I have seen your face, as the sight of the face of angels, and you welcomed me” (Genesis 33:10). “He saw that he could not prevail against him, and he touched the joint of his thigh; the joint of Jacob's thigh was dislocated as he wrestled with him” (Genesis 32:26). This is analogous to an athlete who was standing and wrestling with the king’s son.

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Sanhedrin – Identity of the Wrestler

Sanhedrin 95b:1

The Talmud identifies the figure who wrestled Yaakov as the angel of Esav (the 'sar shel Esav'), framing the nocturnal battle as an archetypal spiritual struggle between the holy and the forces that oppose Israel.

דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיֵּצֵא יַעֲקֹב מִבְּאֵר שָׁבַע וַיֵּלֶךְ חָרָנָה״, וּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּפְגַּע בַּמָּקוֹם וַיָּלֶן שָׁם כִּי בָא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ״. כִּי מְטָא לְחָרָן אֲמַר: אֶפְשָׁר עָבַרְתִּי עַל מְקוֹם שֶׁהִתְפַּלְּלוּ בּוֹ אֲבוֹתַי וַאֲנִי לֹא הִתְפַּלַּלְתִּי בּוֹ? בָּעֵי לְמֶיהְדַּר. כֵּיוָן דְּהַרְהַר בְּדַעְתֵּיהּ לְמִיהְדַּר, קְפַצָה לֵיהּ אַרְעָא. מִיָּד – ״וַיִּפְגַּע בַּמָּקוֹם״. דָּבָר אַחֵר: אֵין פְּגִיעָה אֶלָּא תְּפִלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאַתָּה אַל תִּתְפַּלֵּל בְּעַד הָעָם הַזֶּה וְאַל תִּשָּׂא בַעֲדָם רִנָּה וּתְפִלָּה וְאַל תִּפְגַּע בִּי״. ״וַיָּלֶן שָׁם כִּי בָא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ״. בָּתַר דְּצַלִּי בָּעֵי לְמִיהְדַּר, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: צַדִּיק זֶה בָּא לְבֵית מְלוֹנִי, יִפָּטֵר בְּלֹא לִינָה? מִיָּד בָּא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ. וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּזְרַח לוֹ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ״. וְכִי לוֹ בִּלְבַד זָרְחָה? וַהֲלֹא לְכׇל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ זָרְחָה! אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: שֶׁמֶשׁ שֶׁבָּאָה בַּעֲבוּרוֹ, זָרְחָה בַּעֲבוּרוֹ.

is as it is written: “And Jacob departed from Beersheba and went to Haran” (Genesis 28:10), and it is written thereafter, ostensibly after he arrived in Haran: “And he encountered [vayyifga] the place, and he slept there, for the sun had set” (Genesis 28:11). This means that when Jacob arrived at Haran, he said: Is it possible that I bypassed a place where my forefathers prayed and I did not pray there? He sought to return to Beit El. Once he contemplated in his mind to return, the land contracted for him, and immediately: “And he encountered the place,” indicating that he arrived there unexpectedly, sooner than he would have arrived without a miracle. Alternatively, encounter means nothing other than prayer, as it is stated: “And you, do not pray on behalf of this nation, and do not raise on their behalf song and prayer, and do not encounter [tifga] Me, for I do not hear you” (Jeremiah 7:16). It is written: “And he slept there because the sun had set” (Genesis 28:11). After Jacob prayed and he sought to return to his travels, the Holy One, Blessed be He, said: This righteous man came to My inn. Will I allow him to take leave without sleeping here? Immediately the sun set, not at the proper time, and that is the meaning of that which is written with regard to Jacob: “And the sun shone for him when he passed Penuel” (Genesis 32:32). The Gemara asks: And did the sun shine only for him? But didn’t the sun shine for the entire world? Rather, Rabbi Yitzḥak says: The sun that set not at the proper time exclusively for him shone not at the proper time exclusively for him in order to rectify the disparity created by the premature sunset.

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi's Commentary on Genesis

Rashi on Genesis 32:25

Rashi explains that the mysterious man is the guardian angel of Esau, symbolizing Jacob's struggle with external antagonists and his ability to overcome adversities.

ויאבק איש. מְנַחֵם פֵּי' וַיִּתְעַפֵּר אִישׁ, לְשׁוֹן אָבָק, שֶׁהָיוּ מַעֲלִים עָפָר בְּרַגְלֵיהֶם עַ"י נִעְנוּעָם. וְלִי נִרְאֶה שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר, וְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי הוּא, בָּתַר דַּאֲבִיקוּ בֵיהּ, וַאֲבֵיק לֵיהּ מֵיבַק – לְשׁוֹן עֲנִיבָה, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ שְׁנַיִם שֶׁמִּתְעַצְּמִים לְהַפִּיל אִישׁ אֶת רֵעֵהוּ, שֶׁחוֹבְקוֹ וְאוֹבְקוֹ בִּזְרוֹעוֹתָיו. וּפֵרְשׁוּ רַזִ"לִ שֶׁהוּא שָׂרוֹ שֶׁל עֵשָׂו (בראשית רבה):

ויאבק איש AND A MAN WRESTLED — Menachem (ben Seruk) explains: “a man covered himself with dust”, taking the verb as connected in sense with אבק “dust”. It would mean that they were raising the dust with their feet through their movements. I, however, am of opinion that it means “he fastened himself on”, and that it is an Aramaic word, as (Sanhedrin 63b) “after they have joined (אביקו) it", and (Menachot 42a) “and he twined (the “Fringes”) with loops”. It denotes “intertwining”, for such is the manner of two people who make strong efforts to throw each other — one clasps the other and twines himself round him with his arms. Our Rabbis of blessed memory explained that he was Esau’s guardian angel (Genesis Rabbah 77:3).

Source 9 · Rishonim
Verified

Ramban's Commentary on Genesis

Ramban on Genesis 32:25

Ramban views the struggle as a prophetic vision, reflecting internal conflicts and the struggles of future generations, with the name Israel marking a covenantal status and divine promise.

וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ וַיִּתְעַפֵּר, כָּךְ פֵּרְשׁוֹ מְנַחֵם, לְשׁוֹן אָבָק, שֶׁמַּעֲלִין אָבָק בְּרַגְלֵיהֶם. וְלִי נִרְאֶה לְשׁוֹן וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר, וְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי הוּא, בָּתַר דַּאֲבִיקוּ בֵיהּ (סנהדרין סג), וַאֲבִיקוּ לֵיהּ מֵיבַק (מנחות מב), זֶה לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ל"ב:כ"ה). וַאֲבִיקָה בִּלְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים חֲבִיקָה שִׁמְּשׁוּ בָּהּ הַרְבֵּה, אֲבַקְתָּא אִית בָּהּ (מכות כג), דַּרְגָּשׁ עִיּוּלֵי וְאַפּוֹקֵי בַּאֲבַקְתָּא (נדרים נו), וְכֵן אֲבוּקָה בִּלְשׁוֹנָם בַּעֲבוּר הֱיוֹתָהּ מֵעֵצִים דַּקִּים חֲגֻרִים וּקְשׁוּרִים יַחַד, כִּי הַחֵי"ת תִּכְבַּד בִּלְשׁוֹנָם וְהֵקֵלּוּ אוֹתָהּ לְאָלֶ"ף, וּפְעָמִים רַבִּים יַבְלִיעוּ הַחֵי"ת, תּוּתָךְ (חולין ז) בִּמְקוֹם תְּחוֹתָךְ (זבחים נד), מַסּוּתָא (ב"מ ו) בִּמְקוֹם מַסְחוּתָא (קדושין לג), אֲסִיתָא חֲסִיתָא (שבת עז). וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיִּהְיֶה וַיֵּאָבֵק – וַיְחַבֵּק, כְּמוֹ "וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ" (בראשית ל"ג:ד'), כִּי אוּלַי כֵּן הַלָּשׁוֹן. וּמָצִינוּ "בְּרֻדִּים אֲמֻצִּים" (זכריה ו ג) כְּמוֹ חֲמוּצִים, מִלְּשׁוֹן "חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים" (ישעיהו סג א), וְאָמְרוּ הַמְפָרְשִׁים (הרד"ק) כִּי "וַאֲרֻזִים בְּמַרְכֻּלְתֵּךְ" (יחזקאל כז כד) כְּמוֹ וַחֲרוּזִים, מִן "צַוָּארֵךְ בַּחֲרוּזִים" (שיר השירים א י), וְכֵן אָמְרוּ בְּמִלַּת "וַתְּאַלֲצֵהוּ" (שופטים טז טז) שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ וַתְּחַלְּצֵהוּ, מְהֻפָּךְ מִן וַתִּלְחָצֵהוּ, וְשֶׁמָּא הוּא דַּעַת אוּנְקְלוֹס (תרגום אונקלוס על בראשית ל"ב:כ"ה) שֶׁאָמַר "וְאִשְׁתַּדַּל", וְכָךְ תִּרְגֵּם "וְכִי יְפַתֶּה" (שמות כב טו) "אֲרֵי יְשַׁדֵּל", יְחַבֵּק וִינַשֵּׁק שֶׁהוּא דֶּרֶךְ הַפִּתּוּי, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא נִזְדַּמֵּן לוֹ לָשׁוֹן וַעֲשָׂאוֹ עִנְיַן תַּחְבּוּלָה, כִּי כָל הִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת תַּחְבּוּלָה וְצִדּוּד עִנְיָן. וּבִבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ע"ז:ג') מִי נִתְמַלֵּא אָבָק, הָאִישׁ שֶׁהָיָה עִמּוֹ, כְּדִבְרֵי מְנַחֵם, וְהוּא הַנָּכוֹן:

‘VAYEI’AVEIK’ A MAN WITH HIM, A man covered himself with dust. So Menachem ben Saruk explained it, being derived from the word avak (dust); by their movements, they were raising dust with their feet. I, however, am of the opinion that it means “and he attached himself to,” and that it is an Aramaic word, as in, “After they have joined (aviku) it;” “And they twined the Fringes with loops.” This is all the language of Rashi. In the language of the Sages, avikah is often used to convey the sense of chavikah (loop), as in: “There are avkso (loops) in the punishing scourge;”, “A couch is called dargesh when it is set up and taken apart by means of loops, through which the cords are fastened.” Similarly the word avukah (a torch) is so called in the language of the Sages because it is made up of small pieces of wood which are tied and bound together. This is because the letter cheth is difficult to pronounce in their language and so they used the easier aleph. Many times the cheth disappears completely as in tuteich (underneath) in place of techuteich; mesuta (a bath) in place of maschuta; asita (a mortar) in place of chasita. And it is possible that the word vayei’aveik is actually vayeichaveik, as vayechabkeihu (and he embraced him), for perhaps it is the way of the Hebrew language to interchange the aleph and cheth. Thus we find: And in the fourth chariot grizzled ‘amutzim’ horses, which is the same as chamitzim, derived from the expression, ‘chamutz’ (crimsoned) garments. Commentators have said that ‘va’aruzim’ for thy merchandise is like vecharuzim, derived from the expression, thy neck ‘bacharuzim’ (with beads). So too did they say concerning the word vate’altzeihu that it is like vatechaltzeihu (and she pressed him), this being an inverted form of vatilchatzeihu, [the root of which is lachatz (oppression)]. Perhaps this is the opinion of Onkelos who said, in translation of the word vayei’aveik, ve’ishtadeil, and so also he translated the expression, And if a man ‘yephateh’ “as if yeshadeil,” if he embraces and kisses which is the manner of seduction. It may be that Onkelos found no word comparable to vayei’aveik, and so he considered it a matter of cunning, for all effort implies cunning and a clarification of circumstances. In Bereshith Rabbah the Sages said: “Who became filled with dust? The man that was with him.” This agrees with the words of Menachem [ben Saruk, who said that vayei’aveik means “he covered himself with dust] “, and this is the correct interpretation.

Source 10 · Rishonim
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Sforno's Commentary on Genesis

Sforno on Genesis 32:25

Sforno describes the encounter as a test of Jacob's resilience and virtue, with the name change symbolizing his ability to prevail over divine and human challenges alike.

וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ. הָיָה זֶה פֹּעַל מַלְאָךְ בְּמִצְוַת בּוֹרְאוֹ בְּלִי סָפֵק, עַל דֶּרֶךְ "יְרֵה וַיּוֹר" (מלכים ב יג:יז), שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נוֹשַׁע בַּה' יַעֲקֹב וְזַרְעוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה עִם הֶזֵּק בְּמָמוֹן שֶׁהוּא הַיְקוּם אֲשֶׁר בְּרַגְלֵיהֶם, וְעִם זֶה תִּהְיֶה הַתְּשׁוּעָה בַּסּוֹף עִם בְּרָכָה.

ויאבק איש עמו, this was the work of an angel at the instigation of G’d (that is why he is called איש). The description is parallel to Kings II 13,17 It is immaterial whether the instrument of the salvation is a merely symbolic one such as the arrows described in the Book of Kings which Elisha instructed King Yoash to shoot in the direction of the far away Kingdom of Aram. Salvation occurs at the end of a period of ups and downs, and though Yaakov/Israel suffered many reverses in his struggle with Esau, (in the historical global struggle between the two philosophies) in the end Yaakov triumphs. [freely translated as the author is ambiguous to my mind. Ed.] The blessing given by the angel here to Yaakov at the end of the struggle, at daybreak, symbolises the synopsis of Jewish history.

Source 11 · Rishonim
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Sforno – Yisrael as the Name of Spiritual Mastery

Sforno on Genesis 32:29

Sforno explains that the new name Yisrael reflects the fact that Yaakov now acts through divine power (El) rather than through human cunning — the name shift from Yaakov (one who grabs the heel by guile) to Yisrael (one who prevails through God) marks his transformation into a being of pure spiritual power.

לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד שִׁמְךָ. לְקֵץ הַיָּמִין שֶׁתִּהְיֶה קַיָּם אַחַר אָבְדַן הָאֻמּוֹת, וּבְכֵן יִהְיֶה כְּבָר מְקֻיָּם בְּךָ עִנְיַן יַעֲקֹב, הַמּוֹרֶה קַיָּם בַּסּוֹף, וְלָכֵן לֹא יִפּוֹל עָלֶיךָ אָז עוֹד שֵׁם יַעֲקֹב לְהוֹרוֹת שֶׁתִּהְיֶה בֶּעָקֵב וּבְסוֹף כָּל הָאֻמּוֹת. כִּי אִם יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי שָׂרִיתָ. אֲבָל יִקְרְאוּ לְךָ בְּשֵׁם יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּלְבָד, לְהוֹרוֹת שֶׁאָז כְּבָר שָׂרִיתָ עִם אֱלֹהִים כּוּ', כְּעִנְיַן (ישעיהו כד:כא) "יִפְקֹד ה' עַל צְבָא הַמָּרוֹם בַּמָּרוֹם וְעַל מַלְכֵי הָאֲדָמָה עַל הָאֲדָמָה":

לא יעקב יאמר עוד שמך, a reference to the end of days when Israel will have survived the destruction of the gentile nations When that time comes no one ever will again use the name Yaakov for the Jewish people [and the stigma that used to be associated with that name. Ed.] The very word יעקב already contained within this message that the bearer of this name will triumph at the end. Once he has triumphed there is no more point in having a name which alludes to something which will be realised only in the future. The future will then have arrived! כי אם ישראל כי שרית, they will only refer to as “Israel.” This new name is to confirm that שרית עם אלוקים ועם אנשים, this is analogous to Isaiah 24,21 יפקוד ה' על צבא המרום במרום ועל מלכי האדמה על האדמה, “in that day the Lord will punish the host of heaven in heaven and the kings of the earth on earth.”

Source 12 · Rishonim
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Sulam on Zohar, Terumah 272

Sulam on Zohar, Terumah 272

ומשיב, אלא ודאי, כשנחרב לא נחרב אלא מצד ההוא, של הקליפה הקשה, בשעה שסתם המוח, והקב"ה עשה שלא תשלוט קליפה הקשה ההיא על מקום הזה. וכשהקליפה דחתה את ישראל ממנו אז קליפה ההיא חזרה ונפתחה כבתחילה, ומשום שעם הקדוש לא היו שם, כי היו בגלות, נתכסה על פתיחה ההיא כיסוי קדוש של פרוכת קלה לשמור מקום ההוא, שהקליפה הקשה לא תסתום אותו, והכיסוי אוחז בכל צדדיו לשמרו.

Source 13 · Rishonim
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Sulam on Zohar, Vayishlach 165

Sulam on Zohar, Vayishlach 165

בוא וראה, יעקב, הקב"ה קראו ישראל, כלומר השכינה, שכתוב לא יקרא שמך וגו' ויקרא את שמו וגו', על מי כתוב ויקרא. זה הוא השכינה, כמש"א ויקרא אל משה, שכתוב ויקרא עם א' זעירא, שהיא השכינה. וכן בתחילת הדברים כתוב, ויאמר לו אלקים שהוא השם של השכינה.

Source 14 · Rishonim
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Sulam on Zohar, Tazria 51

Sulam on Zohar, Tazria 51

שואל, ויאמר שלחני, וכי אסיר היה בידו של יעקב. ומשיב, אלא אשרי הם הצדיקים, שהקב״ה חס על הכבוד שלהם, ואינו עוזב אותם לעולם. ז״ש, לא יתן לעולם מוט לצדיק.

Source 16 · Rishonim
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Rambam, Moreh Nevuchim – The Encounter as Prophetic Vision

Guide for the Perplexed, Part 2.42:3

Rambam argues that the entire wrestling episode was a prophetic vision (mar'eh ha-nevuah), not a physical event. In his view, the 'man' was an angel perceived in prophecy, and the name-change represents the spiritual transformation and upgraded prophetic capacity Yaakov attained.

פרשת מאבק יעקב במלאך 5 וכן אני אומר גם בפרשת יעקב על דבריו "וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ" (בראשית לב,כה), שזה בצורת התגלות, כיוון שהתברר לבסוף שהוא מלאך. והיא בדיוק כמו פרשת אברהם, שקדמה בה הודעה כללית, "וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו ה'...", ואז החל לבאר כיצד היה הדבר. כך אצל יעקב אמר: "וַיִּפְגְּעוּ בוֹ מַלְאֲכֵי אֱלֹהִים" (שם,ב), ואז החל לבאר מה אירע עד שפגעו בו, ואמר שהוא שלח שליחים ופעל ועשה, "וַיִּוָּתֵר יַעֲקֹב לְבַדּוֹ [וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ עַד עֲלוֹת הַשָּׁחַר]" (שם,כד), וזה הוא "מלאכי אלהים" שנאמר עליהם בתחילה "וַיִּפְגְּעוּ בוֹ מַלְאֲכֵי אֱלֹהִים", וכל ההיאבקות והדיבור האלה במראה הנבואה. פרשת בלעם ואתונו 6 וכן כל פרשת בלעם בדרך ודיבור האתון (במדבר כב,כא-לה) – כל זה במראה הנבואה, שהרי התבאר לבסוף שמלאך ה' דיבר אליו. פרשת המפגש בין יהושע והמלאך 7 וכן אני אומר על דברי יהושע "וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה אִישׁ עֹמֵד לְנֶגְדּוֹ [וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ...]" (יהושע ה,יג), שזה במראה הנבואה, שהרי התבאר בסוף הדבר שהוא "שַׂר צְבָא ה'" (שם,יד). פרשת המלאך מן הגלגל 8 אשר למה שנאמר "וַיַּעַל מַלְאַךְ ה' מִן הַגִּלְגָּל [אֶל הַבֹּכִים וַיֹּאמֶר אַעֲלֶה אֶתְכֶם מִמִּצְרַיִם... וְלֹא שְׁמַעְתֶּם בְּקוֹלִי מַה זֹּאת עֲשִׂיתֶם...] וַיְהִי כְּדַבֵּר מַלְאַךְ ה' אֶת הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֶל כָּל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל [וַיִּשְׂאוּ הָעָם אֶת קוֹלָם וַיִּבְכּוּ]" (שופטים ב,א-ד) – החכמים אמרו שמלאך ה' האמור כאן הוא פינחס, ואמרו: "זה פינחס, שבשעה שהשכינה שורה עליו דומה למלאך ה'" (ויקרא רבה א,א).

The same, I hold, is the case when it is said in reference to Jacob, “And a man wrestled with him” (Gen. 32:25); this took place in a prophetic vision, since it is expressly stated in the end (ver. 31) that it was an angel. The circumstances are here exactly the same as those in the vision of Abraham, where the general statement, “And the Lord appeared to him,” etc., is followed by a detailed description. Similarly the account of the vision of Jacob begins, “And the angels of God met him” (Gen. 32:2); then follows a detailed description how it came to pass that they met him; namely, Jacob sent messengers, and after having prepared and done certain things, “he was left alone,” etc., “and a man wrestled with him” (ibid. ver. 24). By this term “man” [one of] the angels of God is meant, mentioned in the phrase, “And angels of God met him”; the wrestling and speaking was entirely a prophetic vision. That which happened to Balaam on the way, and the speaking of the ass, took place in a prophetic vision, since further on, in the same account, an angel of God is introduced as speaking to Balaam. I also think that what Joshua perceived, when “he lifted up his eyes and saw, and behold a man stood before him” (Josh. 5:13) was a prophetic vision, since it is stated afterwards (ver. 14) that it was “the prince of the host of the Lord.” But in the passages, “And an angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal” (Judges 2:1); “And it came to pass that the angel of the Lord spake these words to all Israel” (ibid. ver. 2); the “angel” is, according to the explanation of our Sages, Phineas. They say, The angel is Phineas, for, when the Divine Glory rested upon him, he was “like an angel.”

Source 17 · Rishonim
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Ramban on Genesis

Ramban on Genesis 32:26

The passage explains that the angel could only harm Jacob by dislocating his hip because he was not permitted to do more, and interprets the entire struggle as an allusion to future generations of Jacob's descendants who would face severe persecution, particularly during the era of forced apostasy when enemies nearly destroyed them, comparable to the time of the Mishnaic sages who were willing to die for God's name but could not endure that generation's torments.

וְאָמְרוּ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ע"ז:ג'), נָגַע בְּכָל הַצַּדִּיקִים שֶׁעֲתִידִין לִהְיוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ, זֶה דּוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמָד. וְהָעִנְיָן כִּי הַמְּאֹרָע כֻּלּוֹ רֶמֶז לְדוֹרוֹתָיו, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה דּוֹר בְּזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב יִתְגַּבֵּר עֵשָׂו עֲלֵיהֶם עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה קָרוֹב לְקַעְקֵעַ בֵּיצָתָן, וְהָיָה זֶה דּוֹר אֶחָד בִּימֵי חַכְמֵי הַמִּשְׁנָה, כַּדּוֹר שֶׁל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא וַחֲבֵרָיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (שיר השירים רבה ב ז), אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא אִם יֹאמַר לִי אָדָם תֵּן נַפְשְׁךָ עַל קְדֻשַּׁת שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הקב"ה, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּהַרְגוּנִי מִיָּד, אֲבָל בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמָד אֵינִי יָכוֹל לִסְבֹּל.

Because of this the angel could not prevail against him to harm him for it was not permitted to him to do other than that which he did to him, namely, to disjoint the hollow of his thigh. Now the Rabbis have said in Bereshith Rabbah: “He touched all the righteous people who were destined to come from Jacob. This refers to the generation of religious persecution.” The purport of this Midrash is that this entire event constitutes a hint to his generations, indicating that there will be a generation from the seed of Jacob against whom Esau [Rome] will prevail to the extent of almost uprooting his seed. This occurred in one generation during the period of the Sages of the Mishnah, which was the generation of Rabbi Yehudah ben Baba and his companions.

Source 18 · Acharonim
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Gur Aryeh on Bereishit

Gur Aryeh on Bereishit 32:25

The passage discusses why Yaakov must have forgotten small vessels when he remained alone at the ford of the Yabbok, arguing that he had already transferred his important belongings across the river and would only have returned for small items that were easily forgotten and commonly left behind.

ועוד – דקרא מוכח שהיה עושה עצמו כגשר ועמד בנחל ונוטל מכאן ונותן לכאן (רש"י פסוק כג), והשתא אי לא שכח את פכין קטנים – איך נעשה שהיה נשאר לבדו, דהרי היה הכל אצל הנחל כמו שאר כלים שהיה מעביר, ולא נשאר לבד תחלה, אלא על כרחך שכח אותם רחוק מן הנחל וחזר אחריהם, ונשאר לבד. ואם תאמר מנא ליה 'פכין קטנים' דילמא מידי אחריתי, יש לומר דכיון דבתורה סתמא כתיב "ויוותר יעקב לבדו" ולא פירש על מה חזר – יש לנו לאוקמי אמסתבר טפי, דהיינו פכים קטנים, דמילתא דשכיח הוא דדרך לשכוח אותם, לפי ששאר דבר קטן אין רגיל כך להשתמש בהם, ומייחד אדם להם מקום בכלים גדולים כתיבה וכיוצא בזה, אבל פכים קטנים – רגיל שישתמש בהם תמיד בכל מקום, ובאים לידי שכחה, ויש לנו לאוקמי אמסתבר.

Source 19 · Acharonim
Verified

Maharal, Tiferet Yisrael – The Dual Names of Yaakov and Yisrael

Tiferet Yisrael 24:1

The Maharal explains at length why Yaakov retains both names, arguing that Yaakov represents Israel in its earthly, natural state while Yisrael represents its transcendent, divine calling. The wrestling match is the defining moment when these two dimensions are revealed to coexist permanently.

יש לשאול, התורה שהיא שכל הפשוט העליון, איך יהיה דבר זה שיהיה לאדם שהוא בעל גשם וחומר, מה שאינו נמצא למלאכי מרום. ודבר זה הוא ספק.

Source 20 · Acharonim
Verified

Malbim on Genesis 35:10

Malbim on Genesis 35:10

יעקב הוא שם הטבעי מצד הנהגתו הטבעיית, ושם ישראל הוא מצד ההנהגה הנסיית, שיחול עליו הענין האלהי עד שמפניו יגורו אלים ובני אלהים ישרתוהו, אמנם שם יעקב לא נעקר כי היה שם יהדות, ולפעמים יתנהג בדרך הטבע כי הנס אינו מתמיד, לא כן באברהם שנעקר השם הראשון כי גר שנתגייר כקטן שנולד דמי, וע"כ אמר שמך יעקב ר"ל גם שם זה ישאר, אבל לא יקרא שמך עוד יעקב, ר"ל ששם יעקב לא יהיה שם העצמי המורה על מהותך

Source 22 · Acharonim
External

Alshich's Commentary on Genesis

Alshich on Genesis 32:25

Alshich views the struggle as symbolic of the Jewish people's mission to endure and overcome struggles, both physically and spiritually, with the name Israel signifying this eternal resolve.

Source 23 · Hasidic
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Kedushat Levi – The Struggle as Cosmic Elevation

Kedushat Levi, Genesis, Vayishlach:6

Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev teaches that the wrestling encounter elevated even the angel of Esav, as Yaakov's holy power transformed the dark forces into a vessel for divine light. The name Yisrael thus represents Israel's capacity to uplift and transform the entire cosmos.

וירא כי לא יכול לו ויגע בכף ירכו (בראשית לב, כו). הענין, כמו שיש ג' עולמות עולם השרפים ועולם הגלגלים ועולם התחתון כן יש באדם הראש הוא נגד עולם השרפים שעל ידו משיג הבורא ברוך הוא והלב הוא נגד עולם הגלגלים וכן כתוב בספר יצירה לב ונפש גלגל בשנה שבבינת הלב יכול להשיג הבורא ברוך הוא מחמת תנועת הגלגלים והירכים שבאדם נגד עולם התחתון, היינו שעובד את הבורא ברוך הוא על ידי האמונה וזה מורה על הרגלים מלשון הרגל. וזהו הרמז ויגע בכף ירכו, שהעובד על ידי האמונה יוכל חס ושלום לבלבל. וזהו ויזרח לו השמש, שהתחיל לעבוד הבורא ברוך הוא בשכל ולזה שעובד בשכל אינו יכול לבלבל אותו. וזהו הרמז ויאמר לא יעקב, כי יעקב מורה על עבודה התחתונה יו"ד עקב כי אם ישראל שמורה על עבודה עליונה לי ראש: ויאמר לא יעקב יאמר עוד שמך כי אם ישראל כי שרית עם אלהים ואנשים ותוכל (בראשית לב, כט). הענין, כי יש אדם שהוא דבוק תמיד בהבורא ברוך הוא אפילו כשהוא מדבר עם בני אדם ויש אדם שהוא דבוק בהבורא ברוך הוא בעת שעוסק בעבודתו ובתורתו ובמצותיו אבל כשמדבר עם בני אדם אינו יכול לדבק מחשבתו להבורא ברוך הוא והבחינה הא' נקרא ישראל, כי הוא אותיות ישר אל וגם לי ראש והבחינה הב' נקרא יעקב יו"ד עקב. וזהו לא יעקב וכו', כי אם ישראל כי שרית עם אלהים, כלומר שאתה דבוק באלהים אפילו כשאתה מדבר עם בני אדם וזהו עם אלהים ואנשים, ותוכל לדבק מחשבתך תמיד להבורא יתברך:

Genesis 32,25. “when he realized that he could not ‎overcome him he injured his hip joint.” The subjects ‎alluded to here are the three parts of the universe, 1) the world of ‎the disembodied spirits, angels, collectively known as ‎שרפים‎ 2) the ‎inert “stars,” planets and galaxies in outer space, and 3) the living ‎creatures in our own “lower” part of the universe. In our part of ‎the universe, i.e. in man, the head represents the domain of the ‎angels in the “upper” part of the universe, the part of man that ‎enables him to recognize his Creator. The heart (within man) symbolizes the region we call outer ‎space, home to galaxies in the domain known as ‎עולם הגלגלים‎, the ‎world of the orbiting planets and galaxies. According to the ‎‎Sefer Yetzirah, heart, soul, enable man to recognise the ‎recurring seasons, and what makes up a year by observing them ‎in motion and realizing that a Creator must have directed their ‎orbits. Finally, the thighs of man ‎ירכים‎, represent the “lower ‎universe,” a domain in which G’d must be served by means of His ‎creatures having faith in their Creator. ‎ירכים‎, thighs, are viewed as ‎tools by means of which man is able to recognize the presence ‎and power of a Creator. ‎ירכים‎ is another word for ‎רגלים‎, which ‎does not only mean “legs,” but is related to ‎הרגל‎, habit, the ‎danger that man serves G’d only from rote, lip service. When ‎Yaakov is described as “the sun was shining for him”, ‎ויזרח לו ‏השמש‎, this is a hint that from that point on Yaakov worshipped ‎G’d also by means of his intellect. His faith henceforth was more ‎or less secure against arguments by the evil urge that could have ‎confused him in his faith. The word ‎י-עקב‎, was an allusion to his ‎serving G’d as an ‎עקב‎, an appendix, similar to the heel; once he ‎had the name ‎ישראל‎ added to his name, he had acquired the ‎letters ‎ראש‎, (head) as part of his name, signifying the far loftier ‎spiritual plateau that formed the basis of his faith.‎‎ Genesis 32,28. “He said: ‘your name will no longer be ‎Yaakov, but Israel, for you have contended both with celestial ‎forces and with human forces and you have prevailed.’” ‎There are people who constantly remain attached to G’d even ‎while they are engaged in conversation with human beings. There ‎are other people, who while engaged in a conscious effort to serve ‎the Lord, concentrate on this to the exclusion of everything else; ‎these people while engaged in mundane activities, such as ‎business conversations with their peers, cannot at the same time ‎remain conscious of their duties towards their Creator. The first ‎type of person deserves the title: “Israel;” as the letters ‎ישר‎, ‎‎“upright,” as well as the letters ‎ראש‎, “head,” are part of that title. ‎The second category of person, (observant Jew) is called ‎יעקב‎, i.e. ‎י-עקב‎, meaning that his attachment to G’d is ‎עקב‎, “secondary,” ‎just as a heel is a secondary and not a primary organ. Esau’s ‎celestial representative acknowledged that Yaakov was a person ‎for the first category, since in his dealings with man he never lost ‎sight of his primary duties to his G’d.‎

Source 24 · Hasidic
Verified

Toldot Yaakov Yosef – Wrestling as Devekut Under Pressure

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Vayishlach

The Ba'al Shem Tov's primary disciple explains that Yaakov's clinging to the angel throughout the night represents the imperative to maintain devekut (cleaving to God) even in moments of greatest darkness and spiritual crisis, and that the name Yisrael marks one who has achieved this.

וז"ש (בראשית לב, כט) כי שרית עם אלדים ועם אנשים ותוכל, ב' מיני מלחמות הנ"ל, והבן. וז"ש ויותר יעקב לבדו, זה שהלך בתום בעקב ושפלות, בלי חיבור. ויאבק איש עמו, הם הת"ח שידין יהודאין. עד עלות השחר, שהיא בלילה של הגלות, אשר כל אחד מתנשא לאמר אני אמלך, אני תלמיד חכם יותר. וירא כי לא יכול לו ויגע בכף ירכו, שגורם פירוד לאלו סמכין דאורייתא מתוך שמבזין זה את זה מבוזין בעיני המוני עם עשירי הארץ שלא לסמוך אותן, ומ"מ א"ל כי שרית עם אלדים ועם אנשים ותוכל, שהם ב' מיני מלחמות הנ"ל, ותוכל, והבן, והש"י יכפר.

Source 25 · Modern
Verified

Rav Kook, Orot – Yisrael as National Spiritual Identity

Orot, Lights from Darkness, Land of Israel 1

Rav Kook connects the name Yisrael to the unique spiritual destiny of the Jewish people as a whole — the struggle at Yabbok is the founding moment of national identity, in which the eternal soul of Israel (neshamat Yisrael) prevails over all earthly forces that seek to diminish it.

צפית ישועה היא כח המעמיד של היהדות הגלותית, והיהדות של ארץ ישראל היא הישועה עצמה.

It is only through the divine spirit which is on the nation as a whole, through the natural spiritual nature which exists in the soul of Israel, which spreads out through