Talmud Bavli, Berakhot
Berakhot 40b
The Gemara discusses the blessings recited on various foods, establishing the categories of 'Borei Pri HaEtz' for tree fruits and 'Borei Pri HaAdamah' for ground produce, and explores cases of doubt.
אֲבָל הֵיכָא דְּכִי שָׁקְלַתְּ לֵיהּ לְפֵירֵי לֵיתֵיהּ לִגְווֹזָא דַּהֲדַר מַפֵּיק, לָא מְבָרְכִינַן עֲלֵיהּ ״בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ״ אֶלָּא ״בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה״.
However, in a situation where, when you take the fruit, the branch does not remain and again produce fruit, we do not recite the blessing: Who creates fruit of the tree, but rather: Who creates fruit of the ground.
Why it matters — This is the foundational Talmudic passage establishing the two blessings and their applicability — the basis for all later rulings on which bracha to say on bananas.