Sources discuss whether permitted species of grasshoppers may be consumed while still living, examining the slaughter requirements and practical conditions for their consumption under Jewish dietary law.
וּמֻתָּר לְאָכְלָן חַיִּים
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What the sources say
The starting point on which all sources agree is that kosher locusts require no slaughter: the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Ritual Slaughter 1:3) rules explicitly that "fish and locusts require no slaughter — their gathering alone permits them," and the Shulchan Arukh (Yoreh De'ah 85:2) codifies this identically, a ruling confirmed by the Beit Yosef (Yoreh De'ah 85) as the shared view of Rashi, the Tosafot, the Rosh, and the Rambam.
From that shared premise, however, a direct dispute emerges about eating them alive: the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Ritual Slaughter 1:3) draws the explicit conclusion that "it is permitted to eat them alive," whereas the Kaf HaChayim (Yoreh De'ah 85) rules that despite requiring no slaughter, "it is nonetheless forbidden to eat them alive," directing the reader to the earlier discussion in his work.
A separate concern surfaces from the Chayyei Adam (51), which rules that one recites the appropriate brachah only when eating a food in the manner it is normally eaten — whether alive or cooked — so that eating locusts alive when that is not the customary way would require a different brachah, implying an independent dimension to the permissibility question beyond shechitah alone.
משנה תורה, הלכות שחיטה א׳:ג׳
Mishneh Torah, Ritual Slaughter 1:3
Fish and grasshoppers do not require shechita, but rather their collection is what permits them, and it is permissible to eat them alive.
דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים אֵינָן צְרִיכִים שְׁחִיטָה אֶלָּא אֲסִיפָתָן הִיא הַמַּתֶּרֶת אוֹתָן. וּמֻתָּר לְאָכְלָן חַיִּים:
משנה תורה, הלכות מאכלות אסורות ב׳:כ׳-כ״ב
Mishneh Torah, Forbidden Foods 2:20-22
Further details the practical rules for locusts, including the need for tradition and how permitted locusts are classified. Relevant for whether any additional handling requirement exists while they are alive.
זֶה שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ בְּפֶרֶק זֶה הָאוֹכֵל כְּזַיִת. כְּשֶׁאָכַל כְּזַיִת מִבְּרִיָּה גְּדוֹלָה אוֹ שֶׁצֵּרֵף מְעַט מִבְּרִיָּה זוֹ וּמְעַט מִבְּרִיָּה זוֹ שֶׁבְּמִינָהּ עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל כְּזַיִת. אֲבָל הָאוֹכֵל בְּרִיָּה טְמֵאָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ כֻּלָּהּ הֲרֵי זֶה לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה פְּחוּתָה מִן הַחַרְדָּל. בֵּין שֶׁאֲכָלָהּ מֵתָה בֵּין שֶׁאֲכָלָהּ חַיָּה. וַאֲפִלּוּ סָרְחָה הַבְּרִיָּה וְנִשְׁתַּנֵּית צוּרָתָהּ הוֹאִיל וַאֲכָלָהּ כֻּלָּהּ לוֹקֶה: נְמָלָה שֶׁחֲסֵרָה אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת מֵרַגְלֶיהָ אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה עָלֶיהָ אֶלָּא בִּכְזַיִת. לְפִיכָךְ הָאוֹכֵל זְבוּב שָׁלֵם אוֹ יַתּוּשׁ שָׁלֵם בֵּין חַי וּבֵין מֵת לוֹקֶה מִשּׁוּם שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף:
When, in this chapter, we have spoken about partaking of an olive-sized portion, [the intent is that] one ate an olive-sized portion of a large creature or one collected some from one species and some from another similar species until one partakes of an olive sized portion. If, however, one eats an entire forbidden creature by itself, one is liable for lashes according to Scriptural Law even if it is smaller than a mustard seed. [This applies] whether one partook of it after it died or while it was alive. Even if the creature decayed and lost its form, one is liable for lashes since one consumed it in its entirety. When an ant has lost even one of its legs, one is not liable for lashes for partaking of it unless one eats an olive-sized portion. For this reason, one who eats an entire fly or an entire mosquito whether alive or dead is worthy of lashes for partaking of a flying teeming animal.
בית יוסף, יורה דעה פ״ה
Beit Yosef, Yoreh De'ah 85
Collects and analyzes the earlier sources on kosher locusts, including how the permitted species are identified and whether there are additional conditions attached to their consumption.
חגבים אין טעונין שחיטה כן כתבו שם רש"י והתוס' והרא"ש והביאו ראיות לדבר וכ"כ הרמב"ם בתחלת ה"ש:
חיי אדם נ״א
Chayyei Adam 51
Covers prohibited and permitted creatures, including locusts, in a practical summary of halakhah for everyday observance.
(א) שיהיה דרכו לאכול כך אם חי חי ואם מבושל מבושל אבל אם אין דרך לאכלן חיין ואכלן חיין וכן במבושל מברך שהכל.
שולחן ערוך, יורה דעה פ״ה — ד"ה חגבים אינם טעונים שחיטה
Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 85:2
Sets out the laws of kosher locusts and the conditions for identifying which species may be eaten. This is the core practical halakhic siman on permitted locusts.
חגבים אינם טעונים שחיטה:
Locusts do not require slaughter.
כף החיים על שולחן ערוך יורה דעה פ״ה
Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 85
The passage discusses the identifying characteristics of kosher grasshoppers, the prohibition against eating them alive, and various customs regarding their consumption in different Jewish communities.
ז) [סעיף ב'] חגבים אינם טעונים שחיטה. אבל מ"מ אסור לאכלם חיים וכדלעיל רסי' י"ג.