This Talmudic passage contains central laws and teachings about tzedakah: one who gives is greater than one who lends; one who influences others to give is even greater; tzedakah saves from death; and various practical rules about communal charity funds.
אָמַר רַב אַסִּי: לְעוֹלָם אַל יִמְנַע אָדָם עַצְמוֹ [מִלָּתֵת] שְׁלִישִׁית הַשֶּׁקֶל בְּשָׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהֶעֱמַדְנוּ עָלֵינוּ מִצְוֹת לָתֵת עָלֵינוּ שְׁלִישִׁית הַשֶּׁקֶל בַּשָּׁנָה לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית אֱלֹהֵינוּ״. וְאָמַר רַב אַסִּי: שְׁקוּלָה צְדָקָה כְּנֶגֶד כׇּל הַמִּצְוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהֶעֱמַדְנוּ עָלֵינוּ מִצְוֹת וְגוֹ׳״ – ״מִצְוָה״ אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא ״מִצְוֹת״. (סִימָן: גָּדוֹל, מִקְדָּשׁ, מֹשֶׁה) אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: גָּדוֹל הַמְעַשֶּׂה יוֹתֵר מִן הָעוֹשֶׂה – שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהָיָה מַעֲשֵׂה הַצְּדָקָה שָׁלוֹם, וַעֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח עַד עוֹלָם״; זָכָה – ״הֲלֹא פָרֹשׂ לָרָעֵב לַחְמֶךָ״. לֹא זָכָה – ״וַעֲנִיִּים מְרוּדִים תָּבִיא בָיִת״. אֲמַר לְהוּ רָבָא לִבְנֵי מָחוֹזָא: בְּמָטוּתָא מָנַיְיכוּ, עוּשׂוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֶיהְוֵי לְכוּ שְׁלָמָא בְּמַלְכוּתָא. וְאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: בִּזְמַן שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּים, אָדָם שׁוֹקֵל שִׁקְלוֹ – וּמִתְכַּפֵּר לוֹ; עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁאֵין בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּים, אִם עוֹשִׂין צְדָקָה – מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו – בָּאִין אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם וְנוֹטְלִין בִּזְרוֹעַ. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן נֶחְשָׁב לָהֶן לִצְדָקָה – שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְנֹגְשַׂיִךְ צְדָקָה״.
Rav Asi says: A person should never prevent himself from giving at least one-third of a shekel a year in charity, as it is stated: “And we also established mitzvot upon ourselves, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the House of our God” (Nehemiah 10:33). And Rav Asi says: Charity is equivalent to all the other mitzvot combined, as it is stated in that verse: “We also established mitzvot upon ourselves.” A mitzva is not written here, but rather mitzvot, in the plural, thereby teaching that this mitzva is equivalent to all the other mitzvot. The Gemara offers a mnemonic device for the following statements extolling the mitzva of charity: Greater; Temple; Moses. Rabbi Elazar says: One who causes others to perform [me’aseh] a meritorious act is greater than one who performs that act himself, as it is stated: “And the causing [ma’aseh] of righteousness shall be peace, and the work of righteousness, quietness, and assurance forever” (Isaiah 32:17). If one merits, the following verse is applied to him: “Is it not to share your bread with the hungry?” (Isaiah 58:7), i.e., he will wholeheartedly give charity to the poor. If he does not merit, the latter clause of that verse is applied to him: “You shall bring the poor that are cast out to your house,” i.e., he will be compelled by the government to billet soldiers in his house and sustain them against his will. Rava said to the people of Meḥoza: I beg of you, strive with each other to perform acts of charity and righteousness, so that you will live in peace with the government, since if you do not act charitably toward each other, you will end up paying fines to the government. And Rabbi Elazar says: When the Temple is standing, a person contributes his shekel for the Temple service and achieves atonement for his sins. Now that the Temple no longer stands, if people act charitably, it will be well for them; but if not, the nations of the world will come and take their money by force. The Gemara comments: And even so, the money taken from them by force is credited to them as if they had freely given charity, as it is stated: “And I will make your oppressors charity” (Isaiah 60:17).