Tanakhתנ״ך

The Destruction of the First Temple

Sources examine the spiritual and moral causes behind the destruction of the First Temple, focusing on idolatry, injustice, and the failure of the Jewish people to maintain proper ethical and religious conduct. The sources emphasize how breaches in interpersonal responsibility and violations of core commandments led to the Temple's destruction.

לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא הוֹכִיחוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה

16 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The Gemara's primary answer, stated explicitly in Yoma 9b, is that the First Temple was destroyed on account of three sins that existed within it: idol worship, forbidden sexual relations, and bloodshed.

This verdict is rooted in the words of the prophets themselves: Yirmiyahu 7:1–15 warns that theft, murder, adultery, false oaths, and the worship of Baal will cause God to do to the Temple what He did to Shiloh, and Eichah 1:5 confirms that God afflicted Jerusalem on account of her many transgressions.

II Melachim 24–25 adds a specific historical dimension, attributing the destruction to God's anger over all the sins that Manasseh had committed, noting that Judah was cast out from the divine presence on that account.

Netzach Yisrael 4:2 probes why precisely these three sins caused the destruction, noting that all three are categorized as 'impurity' in the halachic tradition and that one must die rather than transgress any of them — making their violation a uniquely catastrophic desecration of the Temple.

Shabbat 119b and Bava Metzia 30b surface additional layers: Rabbi Ḥanina teaches that Jerusalem fell because the people did not rebuke one another, and Rabbi Yoḥanan states that they judged strictly by Torah law without going beyond the letter of the law — both pointing to a failure of moral responsibility that allowed the three cardinal sins to take hold.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Jeremiah 7:1-15

ירמיהו ז׳:א׳-ט״ו

Jeremiah 7:1-15

Yirmiyahu rebukes the people for relying on the Temple while continuing in injustice and idolatry. He warns that the house can become like Shiloh if they do not mend their ways.

כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהֹוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵיטִ֥יבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַעַלְלֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשַׁכְּנָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ הֲגָנֹ֤ב ׀ רָצֹ֙חַ֙ וְֽנָאֹ֔ף וְהִשָּׁבֵ֥עַ לַשֶּׁ֖קֶר וְקַטֵּ֣ר לַבָּ֑עַל וְהָלֹ֗ךְ אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יְדַעְתֶּֽם׃ וְעָשִׂ֜יתִי לַבַּ֣יִת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר נִֽקְרָא־שְׁמִ֣י עָלָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ בֹּטְחִ֣ים בּ֔וֹ וְלַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם וְלַאֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְשִׁלֽוֹ׃

Thus said GOD of Hosts, the God of Israel: Mend your ways and your actions, and I will let you dwell in this place. Will you steal and murder and commit adultery and swear falsely, and sacrifice to Baal, and follow other gods whom you have not experienced, therefore I will do to the House that bears My name, on which you rely, and to the place that I gave you and your ancestors, just what I did to Shiloh.

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Jeremiah 26:4-6

ירמיהו כ״ו:ד׳-ו׳

Jeremiah 26:4-6

God tells Yirmiyahu to warn that if the nation does not listen and walk in the Torah, the Temple will be made like Shiloh and the city a curse to the nations.

וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֑ה אִם־לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֵלַ֔י לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹרָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃ לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁלֵ֣חַ אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְהַשְׁכֵּ֥ם וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּֽם׃ וְנָתַתִּ֛י אֶת־הַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּ֖ה כְּשִׁלֹ֑ה וְאֶת־הָעִ֤יר (הזאתה) [הַזֹּאת֙] אֶתֵּ֣ן לִקְלָלָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {פ}

“Say to them: Thus said GOD: If you do not obey Me, abiding by the Teaching that I have set before you, heeding the words of My servants the prophets whom I have been sending to you persistently—but you have not heeded— then I will make this House like Shiloh, and I will make this city a curse for all the nations of earth.”

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

II Kings 24-25

מלכים ב כ״ד-כ״ה

II Kings 24-25

The biblical account of the First Temple’s destruction ties the national collapse to Judah’s rebellion against Babylonia and the removal of the people from the land after the city and Temple are burned.

בְּיָמָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֑ל וַיְהִי־ל֨וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים עֶ֙בֶד֙ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שׇׁב וַיִּמְרׇד־בּֽוֹ׃ וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח יְהֹוָ֣ה ׀ בּ֡וֹ אֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּים֩ וְאֶת־גְּדוּדֵ֨י אֲרָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת ׀ גְּדוּדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ גְּדוּדֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥ם בִּיהוּדָ֖ה לְהַאֲבִיד֑וֹ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֔ר בְּיַ֖ד עֲבָדָ֥יו הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃ אַ֣ךְ ׀ עַל־פִּ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה הָֽיְתָה֙ בִּֽיהוּדָ֔ה לְהָסִ֖יר מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו בְּחַטֹּ֣את מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה׃ כִּ֣י ׀ עַל־אַ֣ף יְהֹוָ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה בִירוּשָׁלַ֙͏ִם֙ וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִכ֥וֹ אֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ {ס}

In his days, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years. Then he turned and rebelled against him. GOD let loose against him the raiding bands of the Chaldeans, Arameans, Moabites, and Ammonites—letting them loose against Judah to destroy it, in accordance with the word that GOD had spoken through the prophets—God’s servants. All this befell Judah at the command of GOD, who banished [them] from the divine presence because of all the sins that Manasseh had committed, Indeed, Jerusalem and Judah were a cause of anger for GOD, so that they were cast out from the divine presence. Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.

Source 4 · Tanach
Verified

Lamentations 1:1-5

איכה א׳:א׳-ה׳

Lamentations 1:1-5

Eichah describes Jerusalem’s desolation and portrays the destruction as the result of her sins and fall from greatness.

הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהֹוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ {ס}

ה Her enemies are now the masters, Her foes are at ease, Because GOD has afflicted her For her many transgressions; Her infants have gone into captivity Before the enemy.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Sanhedrin 102a

סנהדרין ק״ב א — ד"ה דִּכְתִיב

Sanhedrin 102a:3

The Gemara links the downfall of the kingdom to leadership failures and idolatrous practices, highlighting the spiritual corruption that led to national ruin.

דִּכְתִיב: ״וְשַׁחֲטָה שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ וַאֲנִי מוּסָר לְכֻלָּם״. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הֵם הַעֲמִיקוּ מִשֶּׁלִּי. אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי: כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה לָרֶגֶל עוֹבֵר בַּעֲשֵׂה, וְהֵם אָמְרוּ: כׇּל הָעוֹלֶה לָרֶגֶל יִדָּקֵר בַּחֶרֶב. ״וְיַדַּח יָרׇבְעָם (בֶּן נְבָט) אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַחֲרֵי ה׳ וְהֶחֱטִיאָם חֲטָאָה גְדוֹלָה״. אָמַר רַבִּי חָנִין: ״כִּשְׁתֵּי מַקְלוֹת הַמַּתִּיזוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ״.

The Gemara continues its discussion of Jeroboam. With regard to that which is written: “And the apostates are deep in slaughter and I am rejected by them all” (Hosea 5:2), Rabbi Yoḥanan says that the Holy One, Blessed be He, says: They issued decrees that are more profound and more extreme than my own. I said: Anyone who does not ascend to Jerusalem for the pilgrimage Festival violates a positive mitzva, and they said: Anyone who ascends to Jerusalem for the pilgrimage Festival will be stabbed with the sword. In that way, Jeroboam successfully prevented the residents of the kingdom of Israel from ascending to Jerusalem. With regard to the verse: “And Jeroboam drove Israel from following the Lord, and caused them to sin a great sin” (II Kings 17:21), Rabbi Ḥanin says: This is like two sticks that when they collide cause each other to carom, as due to the strife, Jeroboam caused the subjects of the kingdom of Israel to grow distant from God.

Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Shabbat 119b

שבת קי״ט ב — ד"ה אָמַר רַב עַמְרָם בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן

Shabbat 119b:9

This passage says Jerusalem was destroyed because people failed to rebuke one another and because they degraded Torah scholars and educators.

אָמַר רַב עַמְרָם בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא, אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא הוֹכִיחוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הָיוּ שָׂרֶיהָ כְּאַיָּלִים לֹא מָצְאוּ מִרְעֶה״. מָה אַיִל זֶה, רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְּצַד זְנָבוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, אַף יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבְּאוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר כָּבְשׁוּ פְּנֵיהֶם בַּקַּרְקַע וְלֹא הוֹכִיחוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁבִּיזּוּ בָּהּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּהְיוּ מַלְעִיבִים בְּמַלְאֲכֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וּבוֹזִים דְּבָרָיו וּמִתַּעְתְּעִים בִּנְבִיאָיו עַד עֲלוֹת חֲמַת ה׳ בְּעַמּוֹ עַד [לְ]אֵין מַרְפֵּא״. מַאי ״עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא״? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל הַמְבַזֶּה תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים אֵין לוֹ רְפוּאָה לְמַכָּתוֹ.

Rav Amram, son of Rabbi Shimon bar Abba, said that Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said that Rabbi Ḥanina said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because the people did not rebuke one another, as it is stated: “Her ministers were like stags that found no pasture, and they walked without strength before their pursuer” (Lamentations 1:6). Just as this stag turns its head toward the other’s tail when it grazes, and each one feeds on its own, so too, the Jewish people in that generation lowered their faces to the ground and did not rebuke one another. Rabbi Yehuda said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because they disparaged the Torah scholars in it, as it is stated: “And they mocked the messengers of God and disdained His words and taunted His prophets, until the wrath of God arose against His people, until it could not be healed” (II Chronicles 36:16). What is the meaning of: Until it could not be healed? Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: It means that anyone who disparages Torah scholars cannot be healed from his wound.

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Bava Metzia 30b

בבא מציעא ל׳ ב — ד"ה אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּן זוֹ לִפְנִים מִשּׁוּרַת הַדִּין

Bava Metzia 30b:14

The Gemara teaches that Jerusalem was destroyed because people insisted on strict justice beyond the letter of the law, failing to practice lifnim mishurat hadin with compassion.

אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּן זוֹ לִפְנִים מִשּׁוּרַת הַדִּין. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא עַל שֶׁדָּנוּ בָּהּ דִּין תּוֹרָה. אֶלָּא דִּינֵי דְּמָגִיזְתָּא לְדַיְּינוּ?! אֶלָּא אֵימָא: שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּ דִּינֵיהֶם עַל דִּין תּוֹרָה וְלָא עֲבַדוּ לִפְנִים מִשּׁוּרַת הַדִּין.

It was taught in the baraita: “That they must perform”; that is referring to acting beyond the letter of the law, as Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Jerusalem was destroyed only for the fact that they adjudicated cases on the basis of Torah law in the city. The Gemara asks: Rather, what else should they have done? Should they rather have adjudicated cases on the basis of arbitrary decisions [demagizeta]? Rather, say: That they established their rulings on the basis of Torah law and did not go beyond the letter of the law.

Source 8 · Chazal
Verified

Taanit 29a:2

תענית כ״ט א:ב׳

Taanit 29a:2

The mishna states that on the Ninth of Av a decree was issued against the ancestors that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael.

בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָב נִגְזַר עַל אֲבוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ, מְנָלַן — דִּכְתִיב:

§ The mishna taught: On the Ninth of Av, it was decreed upon our ancestors that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael.

Source 9 · Chazal
Verified

Mishnah Ta'anit 4:6

משנה תענית ד׳:ו׳

Mishnah Ta'anit 4:6

On the ninth of Av, a decree was issued against the ancestors that they would not enter the land, the Temple was destroyed in the first and second instances, Beitar was conquered, and the city was plowed.

בְּתִשְׁעָה בְאָב נִגְזַר עַל אֲבוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ, וְחָרַב הַבַּיִת בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְנִלְכְּדָה בֵיתָר, וְנֶחְרְשָׁה הָעִיר.

Source 10 · Chazal
Verified

Yoma 9b

יומא ט׳ ב — ד"ה מִקְדָּשׁ רִאשׁוֹן מִפְּנֵי מָה חָרַב —

Yoma 9b:3

The famous sugya states that the First Temple was destroyed because of the cardinal sins of idolatry, sexual immorality, and bloodshed.

מִקְדָּשׁ רִאשׁוֹן מִפְּנֵי מָה חָרַב — מִפְּנֵי שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים שֶׁהָיוּ בּוֹ: עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְגִלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, וּשְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים. עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״כִּי קָצַר הַמַּצָּע מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ״.

§ The Tosefta continues with a discussion of the sins of the Jewish people over the generations: Due to what reason was the First Temple destroyed? It was destroyed due to the fact that there were three matters that existed in the First Temple: Idol worship, forbidden sexual relations, and bloodshed. Idol worship, as it is written: “The bed is too short for stretching [mehistare’a], and the cover is too narrow for gathering” (Isaiah 28:20).

Source 11 · Acharonim
Verified

Netzach Yisrael 4:2

Netzach Yisrael 4:2

The passage asks why the First Temple was destroyed for three sins—idolatry, sexual immorality, and bloodshed—while the Second Temple was destroyed for baseless hatred, and explains that these three transgressions share a common character: each one alone warrants execution, they all involve a type of impurity called tumah that defiles the Temple, and therefore the Temple was destroyed on account of these three kinds of impurity.

ויש לך לשאול, למה חרב בית המקדש ראשון בעון אלו ג' עונות, ואילו מקדש שני בשביל שנאת חנם. ועוד, כי אלו ג' עבירות, דהיינו עבודה זרה גילוי עריות ושפיכות דמים, יש להם ענין אחד, כי בשלשתן יהרג ואל יעבור (סנהדרין עד:), ולמה נשתתפו שלשתן בחורבן. ואלו ג' חטאים נקראו טומאה, כדאיתא במסכת שבועות בפרק קמא (ז:) "וכפר על המקדש מטומאת בני ישראל" (ר' ויקרא טז, טז), יש לי להביא בענין זה עבודה זרה, גלוי עריות, שפיכות דמים. ולפיכך בשביל אלו ג' טומאות חרב הבית.

Source 12 · Acharonim
Verified

Maamar HaGeulah, Chapter 1 2:2

מאמר הגאולה, פרק א׳ · קלקולי הגלות. הסתר פנים ב׳:ב׳ — ד"ה וכאשר גרמו העונות אז הסתירו המאורות

Maamar HaGeulah, Chapter 1 2:2

When Israel's transgressions increased, the celestial lights withdrew their radiance from one another, their offspring did not receive sufficient sustenance from the seventh, the strength of holiness was weakened along with all that cleaves to it, and the power of impurity grew strong against it—all of this caused by Israel's sins, for through their transgression impurity was strengthened and grew powerful to stand in places of holiness according to the measure of their sin.

וכאשר גרמו העונות אז הסתירו המאורות פניהם ולא האירו זה לזה, וגם תולדותיהם לא לקחו מחיה די שביעתם, ואז תשש כח הקדושה וכל הנמשכים אחריה ונתגבר כנגד זה כח הטומאה, והבן מאוד כי כל זה גרמו עוונות ישראל כי בחטאם נתחזקה הטומאה והייתה מתגברת לעמוד במקומות מן הקדושה לפי חטאם.

Source 13 · Acharonim
Verified

Maamar HaGeulah, Chapter 1 2:3

מאמר הגאולה, פרק א׳ · קלקולי הגלות. הסתר פנים ב׳:ג׳ — ד"ה ותדע שכל כך נתגברה עד שאם

Maamar HaGeulah, Chapter 1 2:3

The passage states that idolatry had become so prevalent that had it continued further the world would have required destruction, but out of love for Israel, the Holy One did not wait for their iniquity to be completely filled; instead He hastened their exile, which is what is meant by "the Lord watched over the evil" (Daniel 9:14).

ותדע שכל כך נתגברה עד שאם היה הדבר נמשך יותר כבר היה צריך העולם ליחרב, ומאהבת הב"ה את ישראל לא המתין להם עד מלאת סאתם רק הקדים להגלותם, והוא ענין "וישקד ה' על הרעה" (דניאל ט, יד) וכו'.

Source 14 · Acharonim
Verified

Maamar HaGeulah, Chapter 6 1:4

מאמר הגאולה, פרק ו׳ · הכרתת הקליפות א׳:ד׳ — ד"ה והנה בהיות הנביא מתנבא בראשונה טרם

Maamar HaGeulah, Chapter 6 1:4

The prophet foretold the destruction of the Temple (referred to as "the Lebanon falling in might") before the Temple was destroyed because of entanglement or complication in matters of that time.

והנה בהיות הנביא מתנבא בראשונה טרם חרב הבית על כן אמר בכאן "והלבנון באדיר יפול" והוא חורבן הבית, כי מפני ההסתבכות הזה – חרב.

Source 15 · Acharonim
Verified

Tomer Devorah 1

תומר דבורה א׳ — ד"ה הו' - כי חפץ חסד הוא

Tomer Devorah 1:13

At the time of the Temple's destruction, the attribute of judgment (administered by the angel Gabriel) intensified and sought to completely uproot Israel due to their liability for destruction, but God showed them mercy because they were performing acts of kindness toward one another, and this trait of kindness—which God desires—caused Him to preserve a remnant of Israel despite their culpability.

הו' - כי חפץ חסד הוא - הֲלֹא כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁנוּ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בַּהֵיכָל יָדוּעַ מַלְאָכִים מְמֻנִּים לְקַבֵּל גְּמִילוּת חֶסֶד שֶׁאָדָם עוֹשֶׂה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, וְכַאֲשֶׁר מִדַּת הַדִּין מְקַטְרֶגֶת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִיַּד אֹתָם הַמַּלְאָכִים מַרְאִים הַחֶסֶד הַהוּא וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְרַחֵם עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא חָפֵץ בְּחֶסֶד, וְעִם הֱיוֹת שֶׁהֵם חַיָּבִים אִם הֵם גּוֹמְלִים חֶסֶד זֶה לָזֶה - מְרַחֵם עֲלֵיהֶם, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בִּזְמַן הַחֻרְבָּן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְגַבְרִיאֵל (יְחֶזְקֵאל י, ב) בֹּא אֶל בֵּינוֹת לַגַּלְגַּל וְגוֹ' כִּי הוּא שַׂר הַדִּין וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְנָתַן לוֹ רְשׁוּת לְקַבֵּל כֹּחוֹת הַדִּין בֵּינוֹת לַגַּלְגַּל מִתַּחַת לַכְּרוּבִים מֵאֵשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ דְּהַיְנוּ דִּין גְּבוּרַת הַמַּלְכוּת וְהָיָה הַדִּין מִתְחַזֵּק עַד שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ לְכַלּוֹת אֶת הַכֹּל לְקַעֲקֵעַ בֵּיצָתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּתְחַיְּבוּ כְּלָיָה וּכְתִיב (שם, ח) וַיֵּרָא לַכְּרוּבִים תַּבְנִית יַד אָדָם תַּחַת כַּנְפֵיהֶם וְהַיְּנוּ שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְגַבְרִיאֵל הֵם גּוֹמְלִים חֲסָדִים אֵלּוּ עִם אֵלּוּ וְאַף אִם הֵם חַיָּבִים נִצּוֹלוּ וְהָיָה לָהֶם שְׁאֵרִית. וְהַטַּעַם מִפְּנֵי מִדָּה זוֹ כִּי חָפֵץ חֶסֶד הוּא רוֹצֶה בְּמַה שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל גּוֹמְלִים חֶסֶד וְאוֹתוֹ צַד מַזְכִּיר לָהֶם עִם הֱיוֹת שֶׁאֵינָם כְּשֵׁרִים בְּצַד אַחֵר.

The sixth: "For He is One that desires kindness" - did we not already explain in its place that in the known chamber, there are angels appointed to receive the bestowing of kindness that a man does in this world? And when the trait of justice prosecutes against Israel, these angels immediately show this kindness, and the Holy One, blessed be He, has mercy upon Israel, since He desires kindness. And even with their being liable, if they bestow kindness - this one to that one - He has mercy upon them. And it is like it was at the time of the destruction [of the Temple]: That it was told to Gavriel (Ezekiel 10:2), "Go inside the wheelwork, etc." - as he is the minister of judgement and power; and He gave him authority to receive powers of judgement, inside the wheelwork from under the cherubs, from the fire of the altar. This is the judgement of the power of kingship (malkhut). And the judgement was intensified until it sought to finish everything off - to uproot the seed of Israel, since they were liable for destruction. And it is written (Ezekiel 10:8), "And by the cherubs there appeared the form of the hand of a man under their wings." And this is [meaning] that the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Gavriel, "They are bestowing acts of kindness - these with those - and even if they are liable, they are saved and there shall be a remnant from them." And the reason is because of this trait - since He is One who desires kindness, He desires that which Israel does kindness. And He recalls that side for them, even as they are not fitting from another side.

Source 16 · Hasidic
Verified

Shem MiShmuel, Vaetchanan 7:6

שם משמואל, ואתחנן ז׳:ו׳

Shem MiShmuel, Vaetchanan 7:6

In the First Temple period, hatred and divisiveness among Israel's leaders brought them to three cardinal transgressions through external corruptions that attached to them; in the Second Temple period, baseless hatred spread throughout all Israel and caused its destruction, with the former characterized by disunity of leaders and the latter by disunity of tribes.

וזה הי' ענין חרבן בית ראשון ושני, דבדרז"ל דבבית ראשון הי' שנאה ופירוד לבבות בנשיאי ישראל, וע"כ מובן שעם כל גדולתם באו לידי ג' עבירות, שכחות חיצונים שנדבקו בהם הביאם לכל אלה, ובבית שני התפשטה השנאת חנם בכל ישראל, ובשביל זה נחרב, ואפשר שזה נרמז בכתוב ויהי בישורון מלך "בהתאסף ראשי עם" זהו היפוך מה שהי' בימי בית ראשון, "יחד שבטי ישראל" זהו היפוך מה שהי' בימי בית שני, ובספרי רשב"א משל לאדם שהביא שתי ספינות וקשרם בהוגנים ובעשתות ובנה עליהם פלטורין כל זמן שהספינות קשורות פלטורין קיימים וכו', ונראה שהשני בתי מקדשות המשיל בפלטורין, ובעוה"ר הוא מכה המהלכת בכל עת הגלות: