The Abarbanel reads the pasuk 'and you will say, I will set a king over me like all the nations around me' not as a positive commandment but as a divine prediction of future ingratitude — God foreknowing that Israel, once settled and secure, would foolishly demand a king simply to resemble the surrounding peoples, not out of any genuine military necessity. (Abarbanel on Deuteronomy – Parashat Shoftim)
This reading has an ancient root in Chazal: Rabbi Nehorai teaches in the Gemara that the entire passage concerning kingship 'was stated only in response to the Jewish people's complaint,' and that Samuel's warnings were intended to frighten them into retracting their request — implying that appointing a king carries no intrinsic positive value. (Sanhedrin 20b)
The Alshekh reinforces this line of interpretation by citing the very same reasoning — that the request for a king reflected ingratitude and a desire to 'be equal with the nations,' and that even if there had been a legitimate moment for such a request it would have been upon entering the land to fight, not after conquest and peaceful settlement. (Alshekh on Torah, Deuteronomy 17:14)
By contrast, the Abarbanel presents the governance of judges and elected councils — illustrated through the Roman republic, Venice, and Florence — as the positive ideal, noting that elected leadership for fixed terms produces upright governance 'in which nothing is perverse or crooked,' and he traces this model back to Moses's own appointment of tribal heads as judges, an arrangement Moses deliberately submitted to the people's own choice rather than imposing unilaterally. (Abarbanel on Deuteronomy – Parashat Shoftim) (Abarbanel on Deuteronomy – Moses Appoints Judges)
The Abarbanel's commentary on Yitro's advice further grounds the judicial ideal in the Torah itself: Jethro's counsel is presented as directing Moses to select capable men to bear the burden of communal governance, with Moses retaining only the functions no one else could perform — establishing a layered structure of judges and elders as the normative, divinely endorsed form of Israelite leadership. (Abarbanel on Exodus – Yitro and the Appointment of Judges)