Machshavaמחשבה

Abstinence from Worldly Pleasure in Jewish Thought

These sources explore the rabbinic and biblical perspectives on voluntary restraint from worldly indulgence. They present a sustained tension: the Nazirite is called holy for self-denial, yet some sages call unnecessary fasting sinful. Kohelet's reflection on vanity, the Ramchal's concept of prishut (abstinence), and teachings on prioritizing Torah over business affairs collectively illuminate the Jewish ethical and spiritual framework for relating to olam hazeh.

טוֹבָתִי בַּל־עָלֶֽיךָ

14 sources · all verified

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Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Kohelet – Vanity of Pleasures

Ecclesiastes 2:1-11

Kohelet describes his own experiment in indulging every worldly pleasure — wine, building projects, wealth — and concludes it is all 'hevel u'reut ruach,' vanity and chasing after wind, with no lasting gain.

וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָֽׁאֲל֣וּ עֵינַ֔י לֹ֥א אָצַ֖לְתִּי מֵהֶ֑ם לֹֽא־מָנַ֨עְתִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֜י מִכׇּל־שִׂמְחָ֗ה כִּֽי־לִבִּ֤י שָׂמֵ֙חַ֙ מִכׇּל־עֲמָלִ֔י וְזֶֽה־הָיָ֥ה חֶלְקִ֖י מִכׇּל־עֲמָלִֽי׃ וּפָנִ֣יתִֽי אֲנִ֗י בְּכׇל־מַעֲשַׂי֙ שֶֽׁעָשׂ֣וּ יָדַ֔י וּבֶֽעָמָ֖ל שֶׁעָמַ֣לְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַכֹּ֥ל הֶ֙בֶל֙ וּרְע֣וּת ר֔וּחַ וְאֵ֥ין יִתְר֖וֹן תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

I withheld from my eyes nothing they asked for, and denied myself no enjoyment; rather, I got enjoyment out of all my wealth. And that was all I got out of my wealth. Then my thoughts turned to all the fortune my hands had built up, to the wealth I had acquired and won—and oh, it was all futile and pursuit of wind; there was no real value under the sun!

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Bamidbar – The Nazirite

Numbers 6:1-21

The Torah presents the Nazirite who abstains from wine, cutting hair, and ritual impurity as one who is 'holy unto God' — the paradigmatic biblical model of voluntary self-restraint from worldly pleasure.

דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּ֤י יַפְלִא֙ לִנְדֹּר֙ נֶ֣דֶר נָזִ֔יר לְהַזִּ֖יר לַֽיהֹוָֽה׃ מִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר חֹ֥מֶץ יַ֛יִן וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְכׇל־מִשְׁרַ֤ת עֲנָבִים֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַעֲנָבִ֛ים לַחִ֥ים וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י נִזְר֑וֹ מִכֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵעָשֶׂ֜ה מִגֶּ֣פֶן הַיַּ֗יִן מֵחַרְצַנִּ֛ים וְעַד־זָ֖ג לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃ כׇּל־יְמֵי֙ נֶ֣דֶר נִזְר֔וֹ תַּ֖עַר לֹא־יַעֲבֹ֣ר עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ עַד־מְלֹ֨את הַיָּמִ֜ם אֲשֶׁר־יַזִּ֤יר לַיהֹוָה֙ קָדֹ֣שׁ יִהְיֶ֔ה גַּדֵּ֥ל פֶּ֖רַע שְׂעַ֥ר רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃

Speak to the Israelites and say to them: If any man or woman explicitly utters a nazirite’s vow, to set themselves apart for GOD, they shall abstain from wine and any other intoxicant; they shall not drink vinegar of wine or of any other intoxicant, neither shall they drink anything in which grapes have been steeped, nor eat grapes fresh or dried. Throughout their term as nazirite, they may not eat anything that is obtained from the grapevine, even seeds or skin. Throughout the term of their vow as nazirite, no razor shall touch their head; it shall remain consecrated until the completion of their term as nazirite of GOD, the hair of their head being left to grow untrimmed.

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Tehillim – 'No good beyond You'

Psalms 16:2

David declares 'You are my Lord; I have no good except in You,' a verse interpreted throughout rabbinic literature as expressing that all genuine benefit lies only in closeness to God, not in worldly goods.

אָמַ֣רְתְּ לַֽ֭יהֹוָה אֲדֹנָ֣י אָ֑תָּה ט֝וֹבָתִ֗י בַּל־עָלֶֽיךָ׃

I say to GOD, “You are my Sovereign, my benefactor; there is none above You.”

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Ta'anit – One Who Fasts: Saint or Sinner?

Taanit 11a

Shmuel says one who fasts unnecessarily is called a sinner; Rav says such a person is called holy (kadosh). This sustained Talmudic discussion crystallizes the classic rabbinic ambivalence about voluntary self-denial in this world.

אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: כׇּל הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּתַעֲנִית נִקְרָא חוֹטֵא. סָבַר כִּי הַאי תַּנָּא, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הַקַּפָּר בְּרַבִּי אוֹמֵר, מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו מֵאֲשֶׁר חָטָא עַל הַנָּפֶשׁ״, וְכִי בְּאֵיזֶה נֶפֶשׁ חָטָא זֶה? אֶלָּא שֶׁצִּיעֵר עַצְמוֹ מִן הַיַּיִן. וַהֲלֹא דְּבָרִים קַל וְחוֹמֶר: וּמָה זֶה, שֶׁלֹּא צִיעֵר עַצְמוֹ אֶלָּא מִן הַיַּיִן — נִקְרָא חוֹטֵא, הַמְצַעֵר עַצְמוֹ מִכׇּל דָּבָר וְדָבָר — עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: נִקְרָא קָדוֹשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״קָדוֹשׁ יִהְיֶה גַּדֵּל פֶּרַע שְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ״. וּמָה זֶה, שֶׁלֹּא צִיעֵר עַצְמוֹ אֶלָּא מִדָּבָר אֶחָד — נִקְרָא קָדוֹשׁ, הַמְצַעֵר עַצְמוֹ מִכׇּל דָּבָר — עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה.

§ The Gemara returns to the primary topic of the tractate, the issue of fasts. Shmuel said: Whoever sits in observance of a fast is called a sinner, as it is inappropriate to take unnecessary suffering upon oneself. The Gemara comments: Shmuel holds in accordance with the opinion of the following tanna, as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Elazar HaKappar the Great says: What is the meaning when the verse states, with regard to a nazirite: “And he will atone for him for that he sinned by the soul [nefesh]” (Numbers 6:11). But with what soul did this nazirite sin? Rather, the nazirite sinned by the distress he caused himself when he abstained from wine, in accordance with the terms of his vow. And are these matters not inferred a fortiori? And if this nazirite, who distressed himself by abstaining only from wine, is nevertheless called a sinner and requires atonement, then with regard to one who distresses himself by abstaining from each and every matter of food and drink when he fasts, all the more so should he be considered a sinner. Conversely, Rabbi Elazar says: One who accepts a fast upon himself is called sacred, as it is stated with regard to the nazirite: “He shall be sacred, he shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow long” (Numbers 6:5). Here too, one can apply an a fortiori inference: And if this nazirite, who distressed himself by abstaining from only one matter, wine, is nevertheless called sacred, then with regard to one who distresses himself by abstaining from every matter, all the more so should he be considered sacred.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Avot DeRabbi Natan – Minimizing Worldly Needs

Avot DeRabbi Natan 28

This chapter teaches that a person should minimize his engagement with business and worldly affairs and dedicate himself primarily to Torah, illustrating the rabbinic ideal of limiting one's immersion in olam hazeh.

הוא היה אומר דברי תורה קשין לקנותן (ככלי מילת) ונוחין לאבדן ככלי פשתן. דברי שטות ודברי תיפלות נוחין לקנותם וקשין לאבדם כשק. פעמים שאדם לוקח שק מן השוק בסלע ומשתמש בו והולך ד׳ או חמש שנים. רבי יהודה הנשיא אומר כל המקבל עליו תענוגי העולם הזה מונעין ממנו תענוגי העולם הבא וכל שאינו מקבל תענוגי העולם הזה נותנין לו תענוגי העולם הבא: רבי יהודה בן אילעי אומר כל העושה דברי תורה עיקר וד״א טפל עושין אותו עיקר בעולם (הזה). דרך ארץ עיקר ודברי תורה טפל עושין אותו טפל בעולם (הזה). משלו משל למה הדבר דומה לאיסטרטיא שהיא עוברת בין שני דרכים אחת של אור ואחת של שלג אם מהלך כנגד האור הרי נכווה באור ואם מהלך נגד שלג הרי הוא לוקה בצינה כיצד יעשה ילך בינתיים ויזהר בעצמו שלא יכווה באור ושלא ילקה בצינה (רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר אל תרצה את חבירך וכו׳):

He used to say: The words of the Torah are as difficult to acquire as fine woollen clothes, but are as easily lost as linen garments. Foolish and frivolous words are easily acquired, but are as hard to lose as a sack. Often a man buys a sack in the market for a sela‘ and continues using it for four or five years. R. Judah the Prince said: Whoever indulges in the pleasures of this world will be withheld from the pleasures of the world to come; but whoever denies himself the pleasures of this world will be granted the pleasures of the world to come. R. Judah b. Ilai said: He who treats the words of the Torah as of primary importance and worldly affairs as secondary will himself be of primary importance in the world; but he who treats worldly affairs as of primary importance and the words of the Torah as secondary will himself be of secondary importance in the world. [This may be illustrated by] a parable. To what is the matter like? To a public roadway which runs between two paths, one formed of fire and the other of snow. If a man walks close to the path of fire he will be scorched by the heat, and if he walks close to the path of snow he will be frost-bitten; so what should he do? He should walk in the middle of the roadway and so protect himself from being scorched by the fire or bitten by the frost.

Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Nedarim – Is the Nazirite a Sinner?

Nedarim 10a

The Talmud debates whether the Nazirite is called a sinner because he denied himself wine. Rabbi Elazar HaKappar argues that one who causes himself unnecessary suffering is indeed called a sinner, raising the foundational tension between asceticism and Jewish law.

וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הַקַּפָּר בְּרַבִּי, דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הַקַּפָּר בְּרַבִּי אוֹמֵר: ״וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו מֵאֲשֶׁר חָטָא עַל הַנָּפֶשׁ״. וְכִי בְּאֵיזוֹ נֶפֶשׁ חָטָא זֶה? אֶלָּא: שֶׁצִּיעֵר עַצְמוֹ מִן הַיַּיִן. וַהֲלֹא דְּבָרִים קַל וָחוֹמֶר: וּמָה זֶה שֶׁלֹּא צִיעֵר עַצְמוֹ אֶלָּא מִן הַיַּיִן נִקְרָא חוֹטֵא, הַמְצַעֵר עַצְמוֹ מִכׇּל דָּבָר עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. מִכָּאן כׇּל הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּתַעֲנִית נִקְרָא חוֹטֵא.

And Rabbi Elazar HaKappar the Distinguished agrees, as it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Elazar HaKappar the Distinguished says: It is written with regard to the priest who sacrificed the offering of a nazirite: “And he shall make atonement for him, for that he sinned against the soul.” Against which soul did the nazirite sin? Rather, his sin is that he caused himself suffering by refraining from wine. Are these matters not inferred a fortiori: Just as this nazirite, who causes himself suffering only by refraining from wine, is called a sinner, one who causes himself suffering by refraining from everything is all the more so to be considered a sinner. From here it can be derived that whoever fasts unnecessarily is called a sinner.

Source 7 · Rishonim
Verified

Rabbeinu Yonah – Sha'arei Teshuvah

Sha'arei Teshuvah 2:8

Rabbeinu Yonah discusses the spiritual danger of excessive attachment to the pleasures of this world, noting that such attachment dulls the heart and distracts a person from the fear of God and repentance.

עַל כֵּן לֹא יִשְׁקְדוּ עַל דַּלְתוֹת חֲכָמִים וְתַלְמִידִים.

For they do not go to seek God and do not want to know His ways.

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

Orchot Tzaddikim – Gate of Abstinence

Orchot Tzadikim, 14

This anonymous musar classic dedicates a chapter to praising the quality of prishut, warning that one who is deeply attached to the pleasures of olam hazeh will inevitably compromise his spiritual integrity and distance himself from Torah.

כַּמָּה רָעוֹת תְּלוּיוֹת בַּקִּנְאָה! נָחָשׁ הַקַּדְמוֹנִי נִתְקַנֵּא בְּאָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, וְגָרַם מִיתָה לָעוֹלָם, וְעָלָיו נִגְזַר (בראשית ג יד): ״עַל גְּחוֹנְךָ תֵלֵךְ, וְעָפָר תֹּאכַל״. וְכֵן רְאֵה מָה אֵרַע לְקַיִן, וּלְקֹרַח, וּלְבִלְעָם, וּלְדוֹאֵג, וְלַאֲחִיתֹפֶל, וּלְגֵחֲזִי, וְלַאֲדוֹנִיָּה, וּלְאַבְשָׁלוֹם, וּלְעֻזִּיָּהוּ, שֶׁנָּתְנוּ עֵינֵיהֶם בְּמָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלָּהֶם: לֹא דַּי מָה שֶׁבִּקְשׁוּ לֹא נִתַּן לָהֶם, אֶלָּא אַף מָה שֶׁבְּיָדָם נִטַּל מֵהֶם. מִכָּל אֵלֶּה יִלְמַד הָאָדָם שֶׁיִּפְרֹשׁ מִן הַקִּנְאָה וּמִן הַחֶמְדָּה; כִּי אֲפִלּוּ מָה שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ אֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, כִּי מָחָר בָּא וְאֵינֶנּוּ, וּמָה יוֹעִיל לוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ?

How many evils are dependent upon envy?The primeval serpent was envious of Adam and brought death to the world, and concerning him it was decreed. "Upon thy belly shalt thou go and dust shall you eat" (Gen. 3:14). Likewise see what happened to Cain and to Korah and to Balaam and to Doeg and to Ahithophel and to Gehazi and to Adonijah and to Absalom and to Uzziah, who hankered after that which did not belong to them! It wasn't enough that they were punished in that what they wanted was not given to them, but what was already in their hand was taken from them. From all of these instances, a man ought to learn to separate himself from jealousy and lust. If whatever a man has is not really his, for when tomorrow comes it may vanish, then what good will come to him from something that doesn't belong to him?

Source 9 · Rishonim
Verified

Chovot HaLevavot – Gate of Abstinence

Duties of the Heart, Ninth Treatise on Abstinence, Introduction

Rabbeinu Bachya ibn Paquda dedicates an entire gate to praising the middah of prishut (abstinence), arguing that separating oneself from excessive worldly engagement is a prerequisite for genuine devotion to God.

בַּפְּרִישׁוּת מִן הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְהַטּוֹב לָנוּ מִמֶּנָּה. וְזֶה פֶּתַח הַשַּׁעַר: אָמַר הַמְחַבֵּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִקְדַּמְנוּ לְדַבֵּר בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן הָאָדָם עִם נַפְשׁוֹ וְהָיְתָה הַפְּרִישׁוּת מִן הָעוֹלָם אֶחָד מֵאָפְנֵי הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן, רָאִיתִי לִסְמֹךְ לוֹ בֵּאוּר מִינֵי הַפְּרִישׁוּת וְתֹכֶן חִיּוּב מָה שֶׁהוּא חוֹבָה מִמֶּנָּה עַל אַנְשֵׁי הַתּוֹרָה בַּעֲבוּר מָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מִתַּקָּנַת הַתּוֹרָה וְהָעוֹלָם וּמְנוּחַת הַנְּפָשׁוֹת וְהַגּוּפוֹת בִּשְׁנֵי הָעוֹלָמִים. וְרָאוּי לָנוּ לְבָאֵר מִדִּבְרֵי הַפְּרִישׁוּת שִׁבְעָה עִנְיָנִים. הָאֶחָד מָה הִיא הַפְּרִישׁוּת הַכּוֹלֶלֶת וְצֹרֶךְ אַנְשֵׁי הָעוֹלָם אֵלֶיהָ.

Since our previous discussion dealt with the accounting of a man with himself, and abstinence from this world's interests was one of the ways of such accounting, I deemed it proper to follow with a clarification of the various types of abstinence, and which forms of abstinence are a duty for men of torah (religious people) to adopt. For this furthers the improvement of one's religious and secular pursuits and brings peace of mind and of body in both worlds [here and hereafter]. It is proper for us to clarify seven matters on the subject of abstinence. 1. What is general abstinence and why do human beings need it?

Source 10 · Acharonim
Verified

Mesillat Yesharim – The Trait of Prishut (Separation)

Mesillat Yesharim 13

The Ramchal devotes chapter 13 to prishut, arguing that one must consciously limit indulgence in permitted worldly pleasures, since even that which is technically allowed can weigh the soul down and distance it from God.

וּנְבָאֵר עַתָּה הַפְּרִישׁוּת הַטּוֹב. וְנֹאמַר, כִּי הִנֵּה אַחַר שֶׁהִתְבָּאֵר לָנוּ הֱיוֹת כָּל עִנְיְנֵי הָעוֹלָם נִסְיוֹנוֹת לָאָדָם, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁכָּתַבְנוּ כְּבָר לְמַעְלָה וְהוֹכַחְנוּהוּ בִּרְאָיוֹת וְהִתְאַמֵּת לָנוּ גַּם כֵּן רֹב חֻלְשַׁת הָאָדָם וְקִרְבַת דַּעְתּוֹ אֶל הָרָעוֹת, יִתְבָּרֵר בְּהֶכְרֵחַ שֶׁכָּל מָה שֶׁיּוּכַל הָאָדָם לְהִמָּלֵט מִן הָעִנְיָנִים הָאֵלֶּה רָאוּי שֶׁיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה נִשְׁמָר יוֹתֵר מִן הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר בְּרַגְלֵיהֶם.

The general principle: since all matters of this world are nothing but grave dangers, how could he who wants to escape from them and strive to distance from them not be deemed praiseworthy? This is the good type of Separation, namely, where one takes from the world, in all the uses he makes of it, only that which he is forced to due to the needs of his nature.

Source 11 · Acharonim
Verified

Maharal – Netiv HaPrishut

Netivot Olam, Netiv Haprishut

The Maharal explains prishut (abstinence from worldly indulgence) as a quality of holiness: the person who separates from material excess attaches himself more fully to the divine, since God Himself is entirely separate from the material.

כי אין הקדושה רק שהוא נבדל מדברים הגופנים ויהיה לו מדריגת העליונים שהם קדושים מן הגוף, והזנות הוא מעשה בהמה חמרי, וכאשר אתה מוצא פרישה מן הזנות כתיב אצלו לשון קדוש כלומר שתהיה קדוש וקרוב אל העליונים שהם קדושים שהם בלא גוף. ומאחר שאין הקדושה רק פרישה והבדלה מן הגשמי החמרי, לכך ראוי אל האדם להיות מתקדש עוד יותר ולהרחיק עצמו עוד מדברים האלו, וכל אשר מרחיק יותר הוא יותר קדוש ויותר נבדל כאשר פירש עצמו יותר.

Source 12 · Hasidic
Verified

Toldot Yaakov Yosef – Vayetzei

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Vayetzei

The Toldot discusses the concept of 'mochin de-katnut' (contracted consciousness) produced by attachment to material things, and teaches that the path of spiritual elevation requires withdrawing one's attention from physical indulgence.

וישכב במקום ההוא, ר"ל כשעשו שלום ונעשה אבן א', שוב לא אמרו עלי יניח צדיק ראשו, להשגיח עליו בפרנסתו וכיוצא בזה, אז וישכב במקום ההוא ולא על האבנים מראש

He dreamed and behold a ladder was set up on the earth and the head of it reached toward heaven: This means to say, through it being set up on the earth - the lowest level - through this, will his head ascend and reach the heavens to the highest level. "One who is small, he is the great one" (Zohar 3:168b).

Source 13 · Hasidic
Verified

Noam Elimelekh – Lech Lecha

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Lech Lecha

Reb Elimelech of Lizhensk teaches on 'lech lecha' that the tzaddik must constantly 'go away from himself' — detach from the ego and from material desire — in order to ascend spiritually and draw closer to God.

ויאמר ה' אל אברם לך לך כו'. נ"ל דהנה צריך האדם לעבוד הבורא ב"ה בשלש מדריגות זו אחר זו, דהיינו [א] מתחילה צריך לשבר כח התאווה המוטבע באדם מדרך הטבע כגון אכילה ושתיה וכיוצא בהם שיהא אכילתו בקדושה ובטהרה, ועל ידי זה הוא משבר כח 'אלקים אחרים' ד'אלקים' גימטריה 'הטבע', ואחר שמשבר כח אלקים אחרים, זוכה לבוא למדריגת יראה שהוא אלקים חיים,

God said to Avram: 'Go forth from your land etc' (Gen. 12:1) ~ it seems to me that behold, a person needs to serve the Blessed Creator in three levels, one after the other, which are (1) at the outset one needs to break the strength of desire, the natural desire found in a human due to the nature of humans. Examples are eating and drinking, and such, so that one's eating will be in holiness and purity, through that one breaks the strength of "other gods" (elohim acherim) since "gods" has the same gematria as "the nature" (hateva), and one the forces of "other gods" are broken, one merits to come to the level "living God" (E-lohim chayim".

Source 14 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya – Likutei Amarim Chapter 7

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 7

The Alter Rebbe teaches that worldly pleasures, even when permitted, engage the 'animal soul' and occupy the heart; a person who minimizes indulgence in them frees the divine soul to cleave to God more completely.

אַךְ נֶפֶשׁ הַחִיּוּנִית הַבַּהֲמִית שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁמִּצַּד הַקְּלִיפָּה, הַמְלוּבֶּשֶׁת בְּדַם הָאָדָם כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל, וְנַפְשׁוֹת בְּהֵמוֹת וְחַיּוֹת וְעוֹפוֹת וְדָגִים טְהוֹרִים וּמוּתָּרִים בַּאֲכִילָה, וְקִיּוּם וְחַיּוּת כָּל הַדּוֹמֵם וְכָל הַצּוֹמֵחַ הַמּוּתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה, וְכֵן קִיּוּם וְחַיּוּת כָּל הַמַּעֲשֶׂה דִּבּוּר וּמַחֲשָׁבָה בְּעִנְיְינֵי עוֹלָם הַזֶּה שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם צַד אִיסּוּר, לֹא שֹׁרֶשׁ וְלֹא עָנָף מִשַּׁסַ״ה מִצְוֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה וְעַנְפֵיהֶן דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא וּדְרַבָּנָן, רַק שֶׁאֵינָן לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם – אֶלָּא רְצוֹן הַגּוּף וְחֶפְצוֹ וְתַאֲוָתוֹ, וַאֲפִילוּ הוּא צוֹרֶךְ הַגּוּף וְקִיּוּמוֹ וְחַיּוּתוֹ מַמָּשׁ, אֶלָּא שֶׁכַּוָּונָתוֹ אֵינָהּ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם כְּדֵי לַעֲבוֹד אֶת ה׳ בְּגוּפוֹ – לָא עֲדִיפֵי מַעֲשֶׂה דִּבּוּר וּמַחֲשָׁבוֹת אֵלּוּ מִנֶּפֶשׁ הַחִיּוּנִית הַבַּהֲמִית בְּעַצְמָהּ, וְהַכֹּל כַּאֲשֶׁר לַכֹּל, נִשְׁפָּע וְנִמְשָׁךְ מִמַּדְרֵגָה הַשֵּׁנִית שֶׁבִּקְלִיפּוֹת וְסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא, שֶׁהִיא קְלִיפָּה רְבִיעִית הַנִּקְרֵאת ״קְלִיפַּת נוֹגַהּ״, שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, הַנִּקְרָא ״עוֹלַם הָעֲשִׂיָּה״, רוּבּוֹ כְּכוּלּוֹ רָע, רַק מְעַט טוֹב מְעוֹרָב בְּתוֹכָהּ [שֶׁמִּמֶּנָּה בָּאוֹת מִדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת שֶׁבַּנֶּפֶשׁ הַבַּהֲמִית שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל].

On the other hand, the vitalizing animal soul in the Jew, that which is derived from the aspect of the kelipah, which is clothed in the human blood, as stated above, and the “souls” of the animals, beasts, birds, and fish that are clean and fit for [Jewish] consumption, as also the existence and vitality of the entire inanimate and entire vegetable world which are permissible for consumption, as well as the existence and vitality of every act, utterance, and thought in mundane matters that contain no forbidden aspect—being neither root nor branch of the 365 prohibitive precepts and their offshoots, either on the explicit authority of the Torah or by Rabbinic enactment—yet are not performed for the sake of Heaven but only by the will, desire, and lust of the body; and even where it is a need of the body, or its very preservation and life, but his intention is not for the sake of Heaven, that is, to serve G–d thereby —all these acts, utterances, and thoughts are no better than the vitalizing animal soul itself; and everything in this totality of things flows and is drawn from the second gradation [to be found] in the kelipot and sitra achara, namely, a fourth kelipah, called kelipat nogah. In this world, called the “World of Asiyah (Action),” most, indeed almost all, of it [the kelipat nogah] is bad, and only a little good has been intermingled within it [from which come the good qualities contained in the animal soul of the Jew, as is explained above.]