Or HaChaim explores why the Torah begins Sefer Devarim with these locational details and what they reveal about Moshe’s prophetic speech. He often layers peshat and derash to show the verse’s spiritual and pedagogic meaning.
אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים וְגוֹ׳. ״אֵלֶּה״ מִעֵט הַקּוֹדֵם, פֵּרוּשׁ, לְפִי שֶׁאָמַר ״אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה״ שֶׁהֵם דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ, שֶׁכָּל הַסֵּפֶר תּוֹכָחוֹת הֵם וּמוּסָר מִמֹּשֶׁה לָעוֹבֵר פִּי ה׳, וְאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (מגילה לא:) קְלָלוֹת שֶׁבְּמִשְׁנֵה תּוֹרָה מֹשֶׁה מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ אֲמָרָן, וַאֲפִלּוּ מַה שֶׁחָזַר וּפֵרֵשׁ מַאַמְרֵי ה׳ הַקּוֹדְמִין לֹא נִצְטַוָּה עֲשׂוֹת כֵּן אֶלָּא מֵעַצְמוֹ חָזַר הַדְּבָרִים, וְחָשׁ הַכָּתוּב לוֹמַר כִּי כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאָמַר מֹשֶׁה מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ דְּבָרִים כָּאֵלֶּה, כְּמוֹ כֵן בַּמַּאֲמָרִים הַקּוֹדְמִין אָמַר מֹשֶׁה מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ אֵיזֶה דָּבָר, לָזֶה אָמַר אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים פֵּרוּשׁ, אֵלֶּה לְבַד הֵם הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה דִּבְרֵי עַצְמוֹ, אֲבָל כָּל הַקּוֹדֵם בְּאַרְבַּעַת חוּמָּשִׁים לֹא אָמַר אֲפִלּוּ אוֹת אַחַת מֵעַצְמוֹ, אֶלָּא הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִפִּי הַמְּצַוֶּה כְּצוּרָתָן בְּלֹא שׁוּם שִׁנּוּי אֲפִלּוּ אוֹת אַחַת יְתֵרָה אוֹ חֲסֵרָה. עוֹד יִרְמֹז עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ: ״אֵלֶּה״ – פָּסַל כָּל הַדְּבָרִים חוּץ מֵאֵלֶּה, שֶׁאֵין מַדְרֵגָה שָׁוָה לִדְבָרִים אֵלּוּ. וְנָתַן הַכָּתוּב טַעַם מַעֲלָתָם: א׳ – ״אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה״ – מִצַּד מַעֲלַת הַמְּדַבֵּר שֶׁאֵין כָּמוֹהוּ עֶלְיוֹן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֵעִיד ה׳ לִשְׁנֵי אֶחָיו, כַּכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה (במדבר יב:ח). ב׳ – ״אֶל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל״ – מִצַּד מַעֲלַת הַנִּדְבָּר אֵלָיו אוּמָּה שְׁלֵמָה. וְרָמַז עוֹד בְּאָמְרוֹ אֶל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, פֵּרוּשׁ, לֹא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהָיוּ נִמְצָאִים נִגְלִים שָׁם בַּדּוֹר הַהוּא לְבַד הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים, אֶלָּא לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר שָׁם הָיוּ וַאֲשֶׁר עֲתִידִין לִהְיוֹת, כִּי תּוֹרָה שָׂם מֹשֶׁה בִּדְבָרָיו עֶלְיוֹנִים אֵלּוּ וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל לְקַיֵּם כָּל דָּבָר הַכָּתוּב בִּדְבָרִים אֵלֶּה. הֲרֵי שֶׁאֵין דְּבָרִים בָּעוֹלָם בְּמַדְרֵגָה שָׁוָה לִדְבָרִים אֵלּוּ, וְהוּא מַאֲמַר אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים, פֵּרוּשׁ, וְאֵין דּוֹמֶה לָהֶם.
אלה הדברים, These are the words, etc. The word אלה is restrictive, especially in regard to what has been written previously. Seeing Moses recorded in this Book only words which he had spoken on his own initiative, the Torah wishes to emphasise that only the words of admonition recorded in this Book were spoken by Moses on his own initiative. We are told in Megillah 31 that Moses personally composed the curses recorded in this Book, and that even legislation which Moses repeated in this Book he had not been commanded to repeat but did so of his own volition. The Torah was concerned that we might conclude that just as Moses had felt free to say things of his own volition in this Book he might have done so in the previous four Books. This is why this Book commences with the words אלה הדברים, "only these are the words Moses spoke of his own volition, none other." Still another meaning of the word אלה is based on the words of Bereshit Rabbah 12 which we quoted at the beginning of Parshat Massey that this word separates from what precedes it, the previous subject matter being regarded as something inferior by comparison to what is being introduced by the word אלה. The subject matter being introduced by the word אלה is considered as far greater in importance than what has preceded it. The Torah here explains that the reason for these words of Moses being superior to anything he is quoted as having said in the preceding four Books is 1) the fact that these words were his very own. No other human being could equal Moses in stature which made his words superior to those of any other human being. G'd had indicated this already in Numbers 12,8 when He admonished Moses' brother and sister. 2) He addressed these words to a group of people, i.e. the Jewish people, who also were a select group of human beings, collectively on an incomparably higher spiritual level than any other collection of human beings. In short then: אלה הדברים, "these are (the true) words of Moses, there are none to compare to it."