Chassidusחסידות

Chassidic Teachings on Parashat Matot

Chassidic sources explore Parashat Matot through the lens of inner spiritual transformation, examining how vows and speech reflect the soul's struggle between divine service and material desire. These teachings emphasize the refinement of speech, disciplined self-command, and the spiritual significance of binding commitments.

צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת לְזִכָּרוֹן תָּמִיד רֵאשִׁית הָעֲבוֹדָה וְעִיקָּרָהּ וְשָׁרְשָׁהּ

7 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The Kedushat Levi reads the Torah's language of vows — "to impose a prohibition upon his person" (Kedushat Levi, Bamidbar, Matot:2) — as limiting permitted vow-making to moments when the evil urge is overpowering: just as Boaz swore "by the Life of Hashem" (Rut 3:13) precisely to subdue his inclination, a vow is legitimate only as a tool for conquering the yetzer hara, not as a routine religious act (Kedushat Levi, Bamidbar, Matot:2).

The same passage extends this principle to warfare: the Kedushat Levi (Bamidbar, Matot:2) teaches that Moshe's call to "arm men from among you" means they must strip themselves of personal benefit, fighting solely to fulfill God's will — for only one who relies on God and seeks no personal gain will surely prevail.

The Ohev Yisrael connects the levy taken from the soldiers after the Midianite war to this same theological point — the tribute was taken specifically to signal to the warriors that their salvation and victory came from God alone (Ohev Yisrael, Matot).

This Chassidic insistence that the mind must govern bodily impulse finds its broader doctrinal grounding in the Tanya (Likkutei Amarim 12:5), which teaches that the brain rules over the heart by the very nature of human creation, so that every person can restrain the drive of desire from expressing itself in deed, speech, or persistent thought.

Source 1 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 52

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 52:1

Explains how divine service transforms the lower world through concrete action, a good match for the parashah’s emphasis on translating intention into binding speech and action.

וּכְמוֹ שֶׁבְּנִשְׁמַת הָאָדָם עִיקַּר גִּילּוּי כְּלָלוּת הַחַיּוּת – הוּא בַּמּוֹחִין, וְכָל הָאֵבָרִים, מְקַבְּלִים אוֹר וְכֹחַ לְבַד, הַמֵּאִיר לָהֶם מִמְּקוֹר גִּילּוּי הַחַיּוּת שֶׁבַּמּוֹחִין – כָּכָה מַמָּשׁ, עַל דֶּרֶךְ מָשָׁל, עִיקַּר גִּילּוּי כְּלָלוּת הַמְשָׁכַת הַחַיּוּת, לְהַחֲיוֹת הָעוֹלָמוֹת וְהַבְּרוּאִים שֶׁבָּהֶם – הוּא מְלוּבָּשׁ וְנִכְלָל בִּרְצוֹנוֹ וְחָכְמָתוֹ וּבִינָתוֹ וְדַעְתּוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, הַנִּקְרָאִין בְּשֵׁם ״מוֹחִין״, וְהֵן הֵן הַמְלוּבָּשִׁים בַּתּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹתֶיהָ. וּמַהוּ הַלְּבוּשׁ שֶׁיּוּכַל לְהַסְתִּירָהּ וּלְהַלְבִּישָׁהּ, וְלֹא יִתְבַּטֵּל בִּמְצִיאוּת בְּאוֹרָהּ? הוּא רְצוֹנוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ וְחָכְמָתוֹ וְכוּ׳ הַמְלוּבָּשִׁים בַּתּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹתֶיהָ, הַנִּגְלֵית לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ, דְּ״אוֹרַיְיתָא מֵחָכְמָה נָפְקַת״, הִיא חָכְמָה עִילָּאָה, דִּלְעֵילָּא לְעֵילָּא מֵעָלְמָא דְאִתְגַּלְיָא, דְּאִיהוּ חַכִּים וְלָא בְחָכְמָה יְדִיעָה וְכוּ׳, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל, שֶׁאוֹר־אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא מְלוּבָּשׁ וּמְיוּחָד בְּחָכְמָה עִילָּאָה, וְהוּא יִתְבָּרֵךְ וְחָכְמָתוֹ אֶחָד. רַק שֶׁיָּרְדָה בְּסֵתֶר הַמַּדְרֵגוֹת מִמַּדְרֵיגָה לְמַדְרֵיגָה בְּהִשְׁתַּלְשְׁלוּת הָעוֹלָמוֹת, עַד שֶׁנִּתְלַבְּשָׁה בִּדְבָרִים גַּשְׁמִיִּים, שֶׁהֵן תַּרְיַ״ג מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה.

Now, just as in the human soul the principal manifestation of the general vitality is in the brain, while all the organs receive merely a light and potency which shines to them from the source of the manifestation of the said vitality in the brain, so indeed, figuratively speaking, is the essential manifestation of the general stream of vitality, animating the worlds and the creatures therein, clothed and contained in His will, wisdom, understanding, and knowledge, blessed be He, which are called the “intelligence,” and these are those which are clothed in the Torah and its commandments. But what is this “garment” which is able to conceal and clothe [the Shechinah] yet will not [itself] be completely nullified within its light? This is His will, blessed be He, and His wisdom, and so forth, which are clothed in the Torah and its commandments that are revealed to us and to our children, for “the Torah issues from wisdom,” which is chochmah ilaah (supernal wisdom) that is immeasurably higher than the world of manifestation, for “He is wise, but not with a knowable wisdom,” and so forth. And as has previously been explained, the light of the En Sof, blessed is He, is clothed in and united with the supernal wisdom, and He, blessed be He, and His wisdom are One, only that it has descended by means of obscuring gradations, from grade to grade, with the descent of the worlds, until it has clothed itself in material things, namely, the 613 commandments of the Torah.

Source 2 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 41

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 41:1

Stresses practical awe of Heaven in everyday conduct and speech, which fits the parashah’s halakhic and moral weight attached to utterances and commitments.

בְּרַם, צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת לְזִכָּרוֹן תָּמִיד רֵאשִׁית הָעֲבוֹדָה וְעִיקָּרָהּ וְשָׁרְשָׁהּ. וְהוּא, כִּי אַף שֶׁהַיִּרְאָה הִיא שֹׁרֶשׁ לְ״סוּר מֵרָע״ וְהָאַהֲבָה לְ״וַעֲשֵׂה טוֹב״, אַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן, לֹא דַי לְעוֹרֵר הָאַהֲבָה לְבַדָּהּ לְ״וַעֲשֵׂה טוֹב״, וּלְפָחוֹת צָרִיךְ לְעוֹרֵר תְּחִלָּה הַיִּרְאָה הַטִּבְעִית הַמְסוּתֶּרֶת בְּלֵב כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁלֹּא לִמְרוֹד בְּמֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל, שֶׁתְּהֵא בְּהִתְגַּלּוּת לִבּוֹ אוֹ מוֹחוֹ עַל כָּל פָּנִים. דְּהַיְינוּ, לְהִתְבּוֹנֵן בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ עַל כָּל פָּנִים גְּדוּלַּת אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, וּמַלְכוּתוֹ אֲשֶׁר הִיא ״מַלְכוּת כָּל עוֹלָמִים״ – עֶלְיוֹנִים וְתַחְתּוֹנִים, וְאִיהוּ ״מְמַלֵּא כָּל עָלְמִין״ וְ״סוֹבֵב כָּל עָלְמִין״, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ״הֲלֹא אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲנִי מָלֵא״, וּמַנִּיחַ הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְתַחְתּוֹנִים, וּמְיַיחֵד מַלְכוּתוֹ עַל עַמּוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּכְלָל, וְעָלָיו בִּפְרָט, כִּי חַיָּיב אָדָם לוֹמַר: ״בִּשְׁבִילִי נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם״, וְהוּא גַם הוּא מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו מַלְכוּתוֹ, לִהְיוֹת מֶלֶךְ עָלָיו, וּלְעָבְדוֹ וְלַעֲשׂוֹת רְצוֹנוֹ בְּכָל מִינֵי עֲבוֹדַת עָבֶד. וְהִנֵּה ה׳ נִצָּב עָלָיו, וּ״מְלֹא כָל הָאָרֶץ כְּבוֹדוֹ״, וּמַבִּיט עָלָיו, וּבוֹחֵן כְּלָיוֹת וָלֵב אִם עוֹבְדוֹ כָּרָאוּי. וְעַל כֵּן צָרִיךְ לַעֲבוֹד לְפָנָיו בְּאֵימָה וּבְיִרְאָה, כְּעוֹמֵד לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ.

One must, however, constantly bear in mind the beginning of the service and its core and root. By this is meant that, although fear is the root of “turn away from evil” and love—of “do good,” nevertheless it is not sufficient to awaken the love alone to do good, but one must at least first arouse the innate fear which lies hidden in the heart of every Jew not to rebel against the Supreme King of kings, the Holy One, blessed is He, as has been stated above, so that this [fear] shall manifest itself in his heart or, at least, his mind. This means that he should at least contemplate in his thought on the greatness of the En Sof, blessed is He, and on His Kingship, which extends to all worlds, both higher and lower, and that “He fills all worlds and encompasses all worlds,” as is written, “Do I not fill heaven and earth?” Yet He leaves both the higher and lower [worlds] and uniquely bestows His Kingdom upon His people Israel, in general, and upon him in particular, as, indeed, a man is obliged to say, “For my sake was the world created.” And on his part, he accepts His Kingdom upon himself, that He be King over him, to serve Him and do His will in all kinds of servile work. “And, behold, G–d stands over him,” and “The whole world is full of His glory,” and He looks upon him and “Searches his reins and heart” [to see] if he is serving Him as is fitting. Therefore he must serve in His presence with awe and fear like one standing before the king.

Source 3 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 1

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 1:15

Introduces the two inner models of the soul, the divine soul and the animal soul, a useful lens for reading parashat Matot’s themes of speech, vows, and disciplined self-command.

אַךְ בֵּיאוּר הָעִנְיָן, עַל פִּי מַה שֶּׁכָּתַב הָרַב חַיִּים וִיטַאל זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה בְּשַׁעַר הַקְּדוּשָּׁה [וּבְעֵץ חַיִּים שַׁעַר נ׳ פֶּרֶק ב׳], דִּלְכָל אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶחָד צַדִּיק וְאֶחָד רָשָׁע, יֵשׁ שְׁתֵּי נְשָׁמוֹת, דִכְתִיב: ״וּנְשָׁמוֹת אֲנִי עָשִׂיתִי״, שֶׁהֵן שְׁתֵּי נְפָשׁוֹת –נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִצַּד הַקְּלִיפָּה וְסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא, וְהִיא הַמִּתְלַבֶּשֶׁת בְּדַם הָאָדָם לְהַחֲיוֹת הַגּוּף, וּכְדִכְתִיב: ״כִּי נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בַּדָּם הִיא״, וּמִמֶּנָּה בָּאוֹת כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת רָעוֹת, מֵאַרְבַּע יְסוֹדוֹת רָעִים שֶׁבָּהּ, דְּהַיְינוּ: כַּעַס וְגַאֲוָה – מִיסוֹד הָאֵשׁ שֶׁנִּגְבָּהּ לְמַעְלָה, וְתַאֲוַת הַתַּעֲנוּגִים – מִיסוֹד הַמַּיִם, כִּי הַמַּיִם מַצְמִיחִים כָּל מִינֵי תַּעֲנוּג, וְהוֹלֵלוּת וְלֵיצָנוּת וְהִתְפָּאֲרוּת וּדְבָרִים בְּטֵלִים – מִיסוֹד הָרוּחַ, וְעַצְלוּת וְעַצְבוּת – מִיסוֹד הֶעָפָר. וְגַם מִדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת שֶׁבְּטֶבַע כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּתוֹלְדוֹתָם, כְּמוֹ רַחֲמָנוּת וּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים – בָּאוֹת מִמֶּנָּה. כִּי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל נֶפֶשׁ זוֹ דִּקְלִיפָּה, הִיא מִקְּלִיפַּת נוֹגַהּ, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ גַּם כֵּן טוֹב, וְהִיא מִסּוֹד ״עֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע״:

The explanation [of the questions raised above] is to be found in the light of what Rabbi Chaim Vital wrote in Shaar HaKedushah [and in Etz Chaim, Portal 50, ch. 2] that in every Jew, whether righteous or wicked, are two souls, as it is written, “The neshamot (souls) which I have made,” [alluding to] two souls. There is one soul which originates in the kelipah and sitra achara, [and] which is clothed in the blood of a human being, giving life to the body, as is written, “For the life of the flesh is in the blood.” From it stem all the evil characteristics deriving from the four evil elements which are contained in it. These are: anger and pride, which emanate from the element of Fire, the nature of which is to rise upward; the appetite for pleasures—from the element of Water, for water makes to grow all kinds of enjoyment; frivolity and scoffing, boasting and idle talk from the element of Air; and sloth and melancholy—from the element of Earth. From this soul stems also the good characteristics which are to be found in the innate nature of all Israel, such as mercy and benevolence. For in the case of Israel, this soul of the kelipah is derived from kelipat nogah, which also contains good, as it originates in the esoteric “tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.”

Source 4 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 12

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 12:5

Explains the ongoing struggle between the divine and animal souls and how disciplined restraint and control are central to serving God, echoing Matot’s focus on vows and binding speech.

רַק מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא לוֹ לְבַדּוֹ מִשְׁפַּט הַמְּלוּכָה וְהַמֶּמְשָׁלָה בָּעִיר, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא תַּאֲוָתוֹ מִכֹּחַ אֶל הַפּוֹעַל, לְהִתְלַבֵּשׁ בְּאֵבְרֵי הַגּוּף בְּמַעֲשֶׂה דִּבּוּר וּמַחֲשָׁבָה מַמָּשׁ, לְהַעֲמִיק מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ בְּתַעֲנוּגֵי עוֹלָם הַזֶּה אֵיךְ לְמַלֹּאת תַּאֲוַת לִבּוֹ, כִּי הַמּוֹחַ שַׁלִּיט עַל הַלֵּב [כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּרַעְיָא מְהֵימְנָא פָּרָשַׁת פִּינְחָס] בְּתוֹלַדְתּוֹ וְטֶבַע יְצִירָתוֹ, שֶׁכָּךְ נוֹצַר הָאָדָם בְּתוֹלַדְתּוֹ, שֶׁכָּל אָדָם יָכוֹל בִּרְצוֹנוֹ שֶׁבְּמוֹחוֹ לְהִתְאַפֵּק וְלִמְשׁוֹל בְּרוּחַ תַּאֲוָתוֹ שֶׁבְּלִבּוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא לְמַלֹּאת מִשְׁאֲלוֹת לִבּוֹ בְּמַעֲשֶׂה דִּבּוּר וּמַחֲשָׁבָה, וּלְהַסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ לְגַמְרֵי מִתַּאֲוֹת לִבּוֹ אֶל הַהֵפֶךְ לְגַמְרֵי, וּבִפְרָט אֶל צַד הַקְּדוּשָּׁה. כְּדִכְתִיב: ״וְרָאִיתִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ יִתְרוֹן לַחָכְמָה מִן הַסִּכְלוּת, כִּיתְרוֹן הָאוֹר מִן הַחוֹשֶׁךְ״; פֵּירוּשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָאוֹר יֵשׁ לוֹ יִתְרוֹן וּשְׁלִיטָה וּמֶמְשָׁלָה עַל הַחוֹשֶׁךְ, שֶׁמְּעַט אוֹר גַּשְׁמִי דּוֹחֶה הַרְבֵּה מִן הַחשֶׁךְ, שֶׁנִּדְחֶה מִמֶּנּוּ מֵאֵלָיו וּמִמֵּילָא, כָּךְ נִדְחֶה מִמֵּילָא סִכְלוּת הַרְבֵּה שֶׁל הַקְּלִיפָּה וְסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא שֶׁבֶּחָלָל הַשְּׂמָאלִי [כְּמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: ״אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִכְנַס בּוֹ רוּחַ שְׁטוּת וְכוּ׳״], מִפְּנֵי הַחָכְמָה שֶׁבַּנֶּפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית שֶׁבַּמּוֹחַ, אֲשֶׁר רְצוֹנָהּ לִמְשׁוֹל לְבַדָּהּ בָּעִיר, וּלְהִתְלַבֵּשׁ בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה לְבוּשֶׁיהָ הַנִּזְכָּרִים לְעֵיל, בְּכָל הַגּוּף כּוּלּוֹ כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל, שֶׁהֵם מַחֲשָׁבָה דִּבּוּר וּמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁל תַּרְיַ״ג מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל.

Yet, because the evil has not the sole authority and dominion over the “city,” it is unable to carry out this desire from the potential into the actual by clothing itself in the bodily limbs, in deed, speech, and persistent thought to the extent of concentrating his attention on the enjoyment of the mundane pleasures as to how to satisfy the lust of his heart, because the brain rules over the heart [as explained in Raaya Mehemna, Parashat Pinchas] by virtue of its innately created nature. For this is how man is created from birth, that each person may, with the willpower in his brain, restrain himself and control the drive of lust that is in his heart, preventing his heart’s desires from expressing themselves in action, word, or thought, and divert his attention altogether from the craving of his heart toward the completely opposite direction, particularly in the direction of holiness. Thus it is written, “Then I saw that wisdom surpasses folly as light surpasses darkness.” This means that just as light has a superiority, power, and dominion over darkness, so that a little physical light banishes a great deal of darkness which is therewith inevitably superseded as a matter of course and necessity, so is much foolishness of the kelipah and sitra achara [as, indeed, our Sages say, “A man does not sin unless a spirit of folly enters into him”] inevitably driven away by the wisdom that is in the divine soul in the brain, whose desire is to rule alone in the “city” and to pervade the whole body, in the manner already mentioned, by means of her three garments, namely, thought, speech, and act of the 613 commandments of the Torah, as explained earlier.

Source 5 · Hasidic
Verified

Ohev Yisrael on Parashat Matos

Ohev Yisrael, Matot

Presents a warm Hasidic reading of the parashah that highlights divine love, the refinement of speech, and the spiritual meaning of communal responsibility.

להבין ענין וטעם לקיחת המכס על מה זה ציוה הש"י למשרע"ה שיקח מכס לה'. ולרמז זה ציוה הבורא ב"ה וב"ש. ליקח מכס לה' מאת אנשי הצבא אחד מת"ק. לרמז להם כי מאתו בא להם הישועה ונצחון המלחמה.

Source 6 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27:1

Discusses spiritual tactics for dealing with unwanted inner states without being overwhelmed by them, a theme that can illuminate the parashah’s concern with keeping one’s word and channeling desire.

וְאִם הָעַצְבוּת אֵינָהּ מִדַּאֲגַת עֲוֹנוֹת, אֶלָּא מֵהִרְהוּרִים רָעִים וְתַאֲווֹת רָעוֹת שֶׁנּוֹפְלוֹת בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ. הִנֵּה אִם נוֹפְלוֹת לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה, אֶלָּא בְּעֵת עָסְקוֹ בַּעֲסָקָיו וְדֶרֶךְ אֶרֶץ וּכְהַאי גַּוְונָא, אַדְּרַבָּה! יֵשׁ לוֹ לִשְׂמוֹחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ, שֶׁאַף שֶׁנּוֹפְלוֹת לוֹ בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ – הוּא מַסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ מֵהֶן, לְקַיֵּים מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְלֹא תָתוּרוּ אַחֲרֵי לְבַבְכֶם וְאַחֲרֵי עֵינֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם זוֹנִים אַחֲרֵיהֶם״. וְאֵין הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר בְּצַדִּיקִים לְקָרְאָם ״זוֹנִים״ חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, אֶלָּא בְּבֵינוֹנִים כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, שֶׁנּוֹפְלִים לוֹ הִרְהוּרֵי נִיאוּף בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ, בֵּין בְּהֶיתֵּר כוּ׳, וּכְשֶׁמַּסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ – מְקַיֵּים לָאו זֶה, וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: ״יָשַׁב וְלֹא עָבַר עֲבֵירָה – נוֹתְנִים לוֹ שָׂכָר כְּאִלּוּ עָשָׂה מִצְוָה״, וְעַל כֵּן צָרִיךְ לִשְׂמוֹחַ בְּקִיּוּם הַלָּאו, כְּמוֹ בְּקִיּוּם מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה מַמָּשׁ.

Should the sadness, however, not come from worry over sins, but from evil thoughts and desires that enter his mind—if they enter not during Divine service but while he is occupied with his own affairs and with mundane matters and the like, he should, on the contrary, be happy in his portion in that, though they enter his mind, he averts his mind from them in order to fulfill the injunction, “And you will not follow after your heart and after your eyes by which you go astray.” The verse does not speak of the righteous, to refer to them as “going astray,” G–d forbid, but of benonim (intermediates) like him, in whose mind do enter erotic thoughts whether of an innocent nature…; when he averts his mind from them, he is fulfilling this injunction. Indeed, the Rabbis, of blessed memory, have said, “He who has passively abstained from committing a sin receives a reward as though he had performed a precept.” Consequently, he should rejoice at his compliance with the injunction as when performing an actual positive precept.

Source 7 · Hasidic
Verified

Kedushat Levi on Matos-Masei

Kedushat Levi, Numbers, Matot:2

Reads the combined parashiyot as a movement from disciplined commitment toward spiritual journeying, emphasizing inner sincerity and divine guidance.

לאסור איסר על נפשו (במדבר ל, ג). נראה פירוש שאסור לידור שום נדר רק כשיצרו מתגבר לעבור עבירה אזי מותר לידור ולישבע כמו שעשה בועז ליצרו שנשבע חי ה' (רות ג, יג) וזהו פירוש לאסור איסר, היינו שנדר הוא איסר על נפשו והוא נשבע לבטל יצרו: וידבר משה אל העם לאמר החלצו מאתכם אנשים ויהיו על מדין לתת נקמת ה' במדין (במדבר לא, ג). כי מי שרוצה לעשות מלחמות כשיסמוך על ה' אז בוודאי יצליח במלחמה כשלא יתכוין לטובות עצמו רק לעשות רצון הקדוש ברוך הוא. והפירוש הוא כך, החלצו מאתכם שלא ילחמו להנאת עצמם אז בוודאי יהיו על מדין ויצליחו כשיתכוונו לתת נקמת ה' במדין ולא להנאת עצמם:

‎“in order to impose a prohibition upon his ‎person.” From the wording of the Torah it seems clear ‎that permission to utter vows or oaths is granted only if the ‎person doing so did so in order to strengthen his ability to obey ‎certain commandments that he was in danger of violating had he ‎not reinforced his determination by means of a vow or oath. An ‎example of such a vow is found in the Book of Ruth 3,13, where ‎Boaz reinforces his undertaking to be Ruth’s redeemer if a closer ‎relative refuses to marry her, by adding the words: ‎חי ה'‏‎, “by the ‎Life of Hashem”. He did so in order to bolster his resistance ‎to the evil urge that might advise him not to enter into such an ‎‎(apparently) inappropriate marriage.‎ Numbers 31,3. “Moses spoke to the people, saying: ‎‎“let men be picked from among you for a campaign, and let ‎them fall upon Midian to wreak G’d’s vengeance on ‎Midian.” When someone goes out into battle fully ‎trusting in the Lord to help him (believing his cause to be just) he ‎will surely succeed, as he does not engage in battle for his own ‎sake but is concerned exclusively with carrying out G’d’s will. Our ‎verse therefore has to be understood as follows: “let the men to ‎be picked for the army be those who will not engage in the battle ‎for their own sake, i.e. with a view to the booty to be gained, but ‎who do so only in order to be the vehicle for G’d’s vengeance on ‎Midian.”...