Mitzvotמצוות

Sforno on the Purpose of the Mishkan

These sources explore Sforno's understanding of the Mishkan's spiritual function. Sforno teaches that the Mishkan served both as a place where God's presence dwelt among the Israelites and as a structure designed to facilitate proper worship and receive their prayers and service in a manner befitting God's sanctity.

וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

2 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The Sforno reads the command to build the Mishkan as fundamentally about divine receptivity to Israel's worship: the Sforno (Shemot 25:8) explains the phrase "I will dwell among them" to mean that God will reside in their midst in order to receive their prayers and service, in the very manner He revealed His Presence on the mountain — above the ark-cover between the two cherubim — according to the pattern of the Mishkan and all its vessels.

Expanding on this at the Sforno (Shemot 29:45), the divine indwelling further means that God will guide Israel's affairs without any intermediary, setting them above the celestial spheres whose governance requires agents — a relationship that itself testifies to Israel's eternal existence.

Source 1 · Rishonim
Verified

Sforno on Exodus

Sforno on Exodus 29:45

Sforno emphasizes that the Mishkan was designed to facilitate the Israelites' service to God, ensuring that their worship was conducted in a manner befitting His sanctity.

וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. לְקַבֵּל עֲבוֹדָתָם בְּרָצוֹן וְלִשְׁמוֹעַ אֶת תְּפִלָּתָם. וְהָיִיתִי לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים. מַנְהִיג עִנְיָנָם בִּלְתִי אֶמְצָעִי, וּמֵאוֹתוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם לֹא יֵחָתּוּ, לִהְיוֹתָם נִכְבָּדִים לְפָנַי יוֹתֵר מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם שֶׁהַנְהָגָתָם עַל יְדֵי מְנִיעֵיהֶם, וּמִזֶּה יִתְחַיֵּב נִצְחִיּוּתָם:

ושכנתי בתוך בני ישראל. There to receive their service with goodwill and in order to listen to their prayers. והייתי להם לאלוקים, and I will supervise their affairs without resorting to an intermediary. They will have no reason to be afraid of what astrology portends, seeing that they (the Jewish people) are far more honoured by Me than are the celestial planets, etc. The very fact that I guide others’ fate only by means of agents, intermediaries, testifies to the eternal existence of the Jewish people.

Source 2 · Rishonim
Verified

Sforno on Exodus

Sforno on Exodus 25:8

Sforno explains that the purpose of the Mishkan was to serve as a constant reminder of God's presence among the Israelites, fostering a continuous state of holiness and closeness to God.

וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם. אֶשְׁכּוֹן בֵּינֵיהֶם לְקַבֵּל תְּפִלָּתָם וַעֲבוֹדָתָם בְּאוֹתוֹ הָאֹפֶן שֶׁאֲנִי מַרְאֶה אוֹתְךָ שְׁכִינָתִי בָּהָר עַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַכְּרוּבִים, עִם תַּבְנִית הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְעִם תַּבְנִית כָּל כֵּלָיו.