Machshavaמחשבה

The Spiritual Greatness of the Human Being

These sources explore the exalted nature and potential of human beings, grounded in their creation in the divine image. They address human dignity, moral capacity, intellectual elevation, and the responsibility that comes with recognizing humanity's spiritual stature.

חָבִיב אָדָם שֶׁנִּבְרָא בְצֶלֶם

10 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The foundation of the entire theme rests on the pasuk in Bereishit 1:26-27, which declares that God created the human being in the divine image and appointed humankind to rule over the whole earth, and Pirkei Avot 3:14 underscores this by teaching that the human being is beloved precisely because this dignity was made known to him — a double elevation of awareness upon the fact itself.

The Gemara in Sanhedrin 37a draws out the cosmic weight of that dignity: because God stamped every person with the seal of Adam yet no two are alike, each individual must say 'the world was created for my sake,' and one who sustains a single soul is as if he sustained an entire world.

the Nefesh HaChayim (Gate I, 3) extends this further, reading 'in the image of God He made man' to mean that just as God governs and organizes countless worlds and forces, so too the human being was appointed as the one who opens and closes those very forces through every detail of his actions, speech, and thought.

A crucial dimension concerns the innate character of the human being: Ein Aya, Berakhot 4:15 records the view that 'God made man upright,' so that one who accepts the yoke of Torah stands presumptively in a state of wholesome character and requires no suspicion — a pedagogy of trust and love rather than coercion.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Genesis 1:26-27

Genesis 1:26-27:1

Humankind is created in the divine image and likeness, giving the human being unique worth and spiritual potential. This is a foundational biblical source for the Alter of Slabodka’s emphasis on human greatness.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכׇל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכׇל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַיִּבְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אֶת־הָֽאָדָם֙ בְּצַלְמ֔וֹ בְּצֶ֥לֶם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּרָ֣א אֹת֑וֹ זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בָּרָ֥א אֹתָֽם׃

And God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, after our likeness. They shall rule the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, the cattle, the whole earth, and all the creeping things that creep on earth.” And God created humankind in the divine image, creating it in the image of God— creating them male and female.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Sanhedrin

Sanhedrin 37a:13

The passage discusses the arrangement of three rows of Torah scholars before the Sanhedrin, describing how they maintain their positions and fill vacancies, and then interprets biblical verses to explain the Sanhedrin's role in protecting the world and its members' integrity.

לְפִיכָךְ נִבְרָא אָדָם יְחִידִי, לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכׇּל הַמְאַבֵּד נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִילּוּ אִיבֵּד עוֹלָם מָלֵא. וְכׇל הַמְקַיֵּים נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִילּוּ קִיֵּים עוֹלָם מָלֵא. וּלְהַגִּיד גְּדוּלָּתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁאָדָם טוֹבֵעַ כַּמָּה מַטְבְּעוֹת בְּחוֹתָם אֶחָד – כּוּלָּן דּוֹמִין זֶה לָזֶה, וּמֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא טָבַע כׇּל אָדָם בְּחוֹתָמוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, וְאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶן דּוֹמֶה לַחֲבֵירוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד חַיָּיב לוֹמַר: בִּשְׁבִילִי נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם.

The court tells the witnesses: Therefore, Adam the first man was created alone, to teach you that with regard to anyone who destroys one soul from the Jewish people, i.e., kills one Jew, the verse ascribes him blame as if he destroyed an entire world, as Adam was one person, from whom the population of an entire world came forth. And conversely, anyone who sustains one soul from the Jewish people, the verse ascribes him credit as if he sustained an entire world. And this serves to tell of the greatness of the Holy One, Blessed be He, as when a person stamps several coins with one seal, they are all similar to each other. But the supreme King of kings, the Holy One, Blessed be He, stamped all people with the seal of Adam the first man, as all of them are his offspring, and not one of them is similar to another. Therefore, since all humanity descends from one person, each and every person is obligated to say: The world was created for me, as one person can be the source of all humanity, and recognize the significance of his actions.

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Pirkei Avot 3:14

Pirkei Avot 3:14

This Mishnah teaches that every person is beloved because they were created in the image of God, and that this awareness can lead to a profound sense of human dignity and responsibility. It is one of the core classical statements behind the idea of gadlus haadam.

הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, חָבִיב אָדָם שֶׁנִּבְרָא בְצֶלֶם. חִבָּה יְתֵרָה נוֹדַעַת לוֹ שֶׁנִּבְרָא בְצֶלֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ט) כִּי בְּצֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים עָשָׂה אֶת הָאָדָם.

He used to say: Beloved is man for he was created in the image [of God]. Especially beloved is he for it was made known to him that he had been created in the image [of God], as it is said: “for in the image of God He made man” (Genesis 9:6).

Source 4 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 1:1-4

Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 1:1-4:1

Rambam describes the human being as naturally shaped by habits and character, and stresses the work of refining one's traits. While not a direct formulation of gadlus haadam, it supports the Slabodka focus on human self-mastery and moral nobility.

דֵעוֹת הַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי אָדָם וְזוֹ מְשֻׁנָּה מִזּוֹ וּרְחוֹקָה מִמֶּנָּהּ בְּיוֹתֵר. יֵשׁ אָדָם שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל חֵמָה כּוֹעֵס תָּמִיד. וְיֵשׁ אָדָם שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ מְיֻשֶּׁבֶת עָלָיו וְאֵינוֹ כּוֹעֵס כְּלָל וְאִם יִכְעַס יִכְעַס כַּעַס מְעַט בְּכַמָּה שָׁנִים. וְיֵשׁ אָדָם שֶׁהוּא גְּבַהּ לֵב בְּיוֹתֵר. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא שְׁפַל רוּחַ בְּיוֹתֵר. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל תַּאֲוָה לֹא תִּשְׂבַּע נַפְשׁוֹ מֵהָלֹךְ בְּתַאֲוָה. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל לֵב טָהוֹר מְאֹד וְלֹא יִתְאַוֶּה אֲפִלּוּ לִדְבָרִים מְעַטִּים שֶׁהַגּוּף צָרִיךְ לָהֶן. וְיֵשׁ בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ רְחָבָה שֶׁלֹּא תִּשְׂבַּע נַפְשׁוֹ מִכָּל מָמוֹן הָעוֹלָם, כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (קהלת ה ט) "אוֹהֵב כֶּסֶף לֹא יִשְׂבַּע כֶּסֶף". וְיֵשׁ מְקַצֵּר נַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁדַּיּוֹ אֲפִלּוּ דָּבָר מְעַט שֶׁלֹּא יַסְפִּיק לוֹ וְלֹא יִרְדֹּף לְהַשִּׂיג כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא מְסַגֵּף עַצְמוֹ בְּרָעָב וְקוֹבֵץ עַל יָדוֹ וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פְּרוּטָה מִשֶּׁלּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּצַעַר גָּדוֹל. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁהוּא מְאַבֵּד כָּל מָמוֹנוֹ בְּיָדוֹ לְדַעְתּוֹ. וְעַל דְּרָכִים אֵלּוּ שְׁאָר כָּל הַדֵּעוֹת כְּגוֹן מְהוֹלֵל וְאוֹנֵן וְכִילַי וְשׁוֹעַ וְאַכְזָרִי וְרַחֲמָן וְרַךְ לֵבָב וְאַמִּיץ לֵב וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן: וְיֵשׁ בֵּין כָּל דֵּעָה וְדֵעָה הָרְחוֹקָה מִמֶּנָּה בַּקָּצֶה הָאַחֵר דֵּעוֹת בֵּינוֹנִיּוֹת זוֹ רְחוֹקָה מִזּוֹ. וְכָל הַדֵּעוֹת יֵשׁ מֵהֶן דֵּעוֹת שֶׁהֵן לָאָדָם מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ לְפִי טֶבַע גּוּפוֹ. וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן דֵּעוֹת שֶׁטִּבְעוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם זֶה מְכֻוָּן וְעָתִיד לְקַבֵּל אוֹתָם בִּמְהֵרָה יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁאָר הַדֵּעוֹת. וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן שֶׁאֵינָן לָאָדָם מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ אֶלָּא לָמַד אוֹתָם מֵאֲחֵרִים אוֹ שֶׁנִּפְנָה לָהֶן מֵעַצְמוֹ לְפִי מַחֲשָׁבָה שֶׁעָלְתָה בְּלִבּוֹ. אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁמַע שֶׁזּוֹ הַדֵּעָה טוֹבָה לוֹ וּבָהּ רָאוּי לֵילֵךְ וְהִנְהִיג עַצְמוֹ בָּהּ עַד שֶׁנִּקְבְּעָה בְּלִבּוֹ:

Each and every man possesses many character traits. Each trait is very different and distant from the others. One type of man is wrathful; he is constantly angry. [In contrast,] there is the calm individual who is never moved to anger, or, if at all, he will be slightly angry, [perhaps once] during a period of several years. There is the prideful man and the one who is exceptionally humble. There is the man ruled by his appetites - he will never be satisfied from pursuing his desires, and [conversely,] the very pure of heart, who does not desire even the little that the body needs. There is the greedy man, who cannot be satisfied with all the money in the world, as [Ecclesiastes 5:9] states: "A lover of money never has his fill of money." [In contrast,] there is the man who puts a check on himself; he is satisfied with even a little, which is not enough for his needs, and he does not bother to pursue and attain what he lacks. There is [the miser,] who torments himself with hunger, gathering [his possessions] close to himself. Whenever he spends a penny of his own, he does so with great pain. [Conversely,] there is [the spendthrift,] who consciously wastes his entire fortune. All other traits follow the same pattern [of contrast]. For example: the overly elated and the depressed; the stingy and the freehanded; the cruel and the softhearted; the coward and the rash. and the like. Between each trait and the [contrasting] trait at the other extreme, there are intermediate points, each distant from the other. With regard to all the traits: a man has some from the beginning of his conception, in accordance with his bodily nature. Some are appropriate to a person's nature and will [therefore] be acquired more easily than other traits. Some traits he does not have from birth. He may have learned them from others, or turned to them on his own. This may have come as a result of his own thoughts, or because he heard that this was a proper trait for him, which he ought to attain. [Therefore,] he accustomed himself to it until it became a part of himself.

Source 5 · Acharonim
Verified

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate III

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate I 3:1

R. Chaim of Volozhin explains the power of human action and thought to affect the upper worlds and the cosmos. This is a powerful source for the elevated status and responsibility of האדם in Torah thought.

כן בדמיון זה כביכול ברא הוא יתברך את האדם והשליטו על רבי רבוון כחות ועולמות אין מספר. ומסרם בידו שיהא הוא המדבר והמנהיג אותם עפ"י כל פרטי תנועות מעשיו ודבוריו ומחשבותיו וכל סדרי הנהגותיו הן לטוב או להיפך ח"ו. זהו ויברא אלקים את האדם בצלמו בצלם אלקים גו'. כי בצלם אלקים עשה וגו'. שכמו שהוא ית' שמו הוא האלקים בעל הכחות הנמצאים בכל העולמות כולם. ומסדרם ומנהיגם כל רגע כרצונו כן השליט רצונו יתברך את האדם שיהא הוא הפותח והסוגר של כמה אלפי רבואות כחות ועולמות עפ"י כל פרטי סדרי הנהגותיו בכל עניניו בכל עת ורגע ממש כפי שרשו העליון של מעשיו ודבוריו ומחשבותיו כאלו הוא ג"כ הבעל כח שלהם כביכול.

According to this model, He (blessed be He), as it were, created man and appointed him to rule over the multitude of powers and numberless worlds, and assigned them to him so that he should be their spokesman and govern them via all the minute details of his actions, speech, thoughts, and the larger scale aspects of his behavior, whether for good, or (heaven forefend) for the opposite. This is what is meant by (Bereshit 1:27): “And God-Elohi”m created man with His image. In the image of God-Elohi”m...”, and (Bereshit 9:6) “for God-Elohi”m made man...”—for just as He (blessed be His name) is the Elohi”m, Master of the powers found in the totality of all the worlds, and organizes and governs them each instant per His will, so too did His (blessed be He) will rule that man should be the enabler and disabler of many multitudes of powers and worlds via all of the detailed patterns of his large scale behavior, in every situation, literally in every instant and moment, according to his supernal root, which includes his actions, speech and thought, as if he too is the master of their power, as it were.

Source 6 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 32

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 32:2

This chapter famously links love of fellow Jews with recognition of the shared divine root in every soul. That universal dignity is closely related to the Slabodka ideal of human greatness.

כִּי מֵאַחַר שֶׁגּוּפוֹ נִמְאָס וּמְתוֹעָב אֶצְלוֹ, וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ וְהָרוּחַ מִי יוֹדֵעַ גְּדוּלָּתָן וּמַעֲלָתָן בְּשָׁרְשָׁן וּמְקוֹרָן בֵּאלֹקִים חַיִּים. בְּשֶׁגַּם שֶׁכּוּלָּן מַתְאִימוֹת, וְאָב אֶחָד לְכוּלָּנָה, וְלָכֵן נִקְרְאוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל ״אַחִים״ מַמָּשׁ, מִצַּד שׁוֹרֶשׁ נַפְשָׁם בַּה׳ אֶחָד רַק שֶׁהַגּוּפִים מְחוּלָּקִים. וְלָכֵן, הָעוֹשִׂים גּוּפָם עִיקָּר וְנַפְשָׁם טְפֵלָה – אִי אֶפְשָׁר לִהְיוֹת אַהֲבָה וְאַחֲוָה אֲמִיתִּית בֵּינֵיהֶם, אֶלָּא הַתְּלוּיָה בְדָבָר לְבַדָּהּ. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר הִלֵּל הַזָּקֵן עַל קִיּוּם מִצְוָה זוֹ: ״זֶהוּ כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כוּלָּהּ, וְאִידָךְ פֵּירוּשָׁא הוּא כוּ׳״. כִּי יְסוֹד וְשׁוֹרֶשׁ כָּל הַתּוֹרָה – הוּא לְהַגְבִּיהַּ וּלְהַעֲלוֹת הַנֶּפֶשׁ עַל הַגּוּף מַעְלָה מַּעְלָה עַד עִיקָּרָא וְשָׁרְשָׁא דְּכָל עָלְמִין וְגַם, לְהַמְשִׁיךְ אוֹר־אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בִּכְנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן, דְּהַיְינוּ, בִּמְקוֹר נִשְׁמוֹת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְמֶהֱוֵי אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד דַּוְקָא, וְלֹא כְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ פֵּירוּד חַס וְשָׁלוֹם בַּנְּשָׁמוֹת, דְּ״קוּדְשָׁא־בְּרִיךְ־הוּא לָא שַׁרְיָא בַּאֲתַר פְּגִים״, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁאוֹמְרִים: ״בָּרְכֵנוּ אָבִינוּ כּוּלָּנוּ כְּאֶחָד בְּאוֹר פָּנֶיךָ״, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר בַּאֲרִיכוּת:

For, whereas one despises and loathes one’s body, while as for the soul and spirit, who can know their greatness and excellence in their root and source in the living G–d? Being, moreover, all of a kind and all having one Father—therefore, all Israelites are called real brothers by virtue of the source of their souls in the One G–d; only the bodies are separated. Hence in the case of those who give major consideration to their bodies while regarding their souls as of secondary importance, there can be no true love and brotherhood among them, but only [a love] which is dependent on a [transitory] thing. This is what Hillel the Elder meant when he said in regard to the fulfillment of this commandment, “This is the whole Torah, while the rest is but commentary,” and so on. For the basis and root of the entire Torah are to raise and exalt the soul high above the body, reaching to the Source and Root of all the worlds, and also to bring down the Light of the En Sof, blessed is He, upon the community of Israel, as will be explained later, i.e., into the fountainhead of the souls of all Israel, to become “One into One.” This is impossible if there is, G–d forbid, disunity among the souls, for the Holy One, blessed is He, does not dwell in an imperfect place, as we pray, “Bless us, our Father, all of us as one, with the light of Your Countenance,” as has been explained at great length elsewhere.

Source 7 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 1

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 1:15

The Tanya contrasts the divine and animal souls within the person and places the human being at the center of a life of conscious avodah. It is useful for a Chassidic articulation of the human being’s inner stature and struggle.

אַךְ בֵּיאוּר הָעִנְיָן, עַל פִּי מַה שֶּׁכָּתַב הָרַב חַיִּים וִיטַאל זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה בְּשַׁעַר הַקְּדוּשָּׁה [וּבְעֵץ חַיִּים שַׁעַר נ׳ פֶּרֶק ב׳], דִּלְכָל אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶחָד צַדִּיק וְאֶחָד רָשָׁע, יֵשׁ שְׁתֵּי נְשָׁמוֹת, דִכְתִיב: ״וּנְשָׁמוֹת אֲנִי עָשִׂיתִי״, שֶׁהֵן שְׁתֵּי נְפָשׁוֹת –נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִצַּד הַקְּלִיפָּה וְסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא, וְהִיא הַמִּתְלַבֶּשֶׁת בְּדַם הָאָדָם לְהַחֲיוֹת הַגּוּף, וּכְדִכְתִיב: ״כִּי נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בַּדָּם הִיא״, וּמִמֶּנָּה בָּאוֹת כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת רָעוֹת, מֵאַרְבַּע יְסוֹדוֹת רָעִים שֶׁבָּהּ, דְּהַיְינוּ: כַּעַס וְגַאֲוָה – מִיסוֹד הָאֵשׁ שֶׁנִּגְבָּהּ לְמַעְלָה, וְתַאֲוַת הַתַּעֲנוּגִים – מִיסוֹד הַמַּיִם, כִּי הַמַּיִם מַצְמִיחִים כָּל מִינֵי תַּעֲנוּג, וְהוֹלֵלוּת וְלֵיצָנוּת וְהִתְפָּאֲרוּת וּדְבָרִים בְּטֵלִים – מִיסוֹד הָרוּחַ, וְעַצְלוּת וְעַצְבוּת – מִיסוֹד הֶעָפָר. וְגַם מִדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת שֶׁבְּטֶבַע כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּתוֹלְדוֹתָם, כְּמוֹ רַחֲמָנוּת וּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים – בָּאוֹת מִמֶּנָּה. כִּי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל נֶפֶשׁ זוֹ דִּקְלִיפָּה, הִיא מִקְּלִיפַּת נוֹגַהּ, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ גַּם כֵּן טוֹב, וְהִיא מִסּוֹד ״עֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע״:

The explanation [of the questions raised above] is to be found in the light of what Rabbi Chaim Vital wrote in Shaar HaKedushah [and in Etz Chaim, Portal 50, ch. 2] that in every Jew, whether righteous or wicked, are two souls, as it is written, “The neshamot (souls) which I have made,” [alluding to] two souls. There is one soul which originates in the kelipah and sitra achara, [and] which is clothed in the blood of a human being, giving life to the body, as is written, “For the life of the flesh is in the blood.” From it stem all the evil characteristics deriving from the four evil elements which are contained in it. These are: anger and pride, which emanate from the element of Fire, the nature of which is to rise upward; the appetite for pleasures—from the element of Water, for water makes to grow all kinds of enjoyment; frivolity and scoffing, boasting and idle talk from the element of Air; and sloth and melancholy—from the element of Earth. From this soul stems also the good characteristics which are to be found in the innate nature of all Israel, such as mercy and benevolence. For in the case of Israel, this soul of the kelipah is derived from kelipat nogah, which also contains good, as it originates in the esoteric “tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.”

Source 8 · Modern
Verified

Ein Aya, Shabbat 6:4

Ein Aya, Shabbat 6:4

A person of great understanding cannot constantly align themselves with the masses—even if they are upright people of distinction and wise in their generation—because one who is a giant, spiritually towering far above them, would be darkened and diminished by their intermediate concepts; therefore such a person must create a separate place for themselves so that ordinary fellowship does not burden them and so that their elevated and wondrous modes of understanding, luminous with sublime divine clarity, are not mixed with the average thinking of those engaged in Torah and wisdom according to the measure of their generation and time.

גד[ו]ל הדעה, שאינו יכול להיות מושוה במהלך רגשותיו ודעותיו עם כל ההמון, אפילו אם ההמון הוא מאנשי הסגולה הישרים בלבותם, ואף שהם חכמים ונבונים לפי דורם, מ"מ הגדול בענקים, שהוא ארוך בקומתו הרוחנית הרבה מהם, לא יוכל להיות מתערב תמיד עמהם. מושגיהם הבינוניים הם מעכירים את רוחו ומורידים את זוהר נפשו ממעלתה. ע"כ הוא מוכרח לבור לו איזה מקום לעצמו, שלא תהיה החבורה הבינונית לו למעמסה, וגם שלא יערבב בהליכותיו העליונות והנפלאות מהמושגים הרגילים, המזהירים בזוהר אלהי עליון, את דעתם הממוצעת של העוסקים בתורה וחכמה לפי מדת הדור והזמן.

Source 9 · Modern
Verified

Ein Aya, Shabbat 9:94

Ein Aya, Shabbat 9:94

The passage describes a dispute over whether a hidden treasure of greatness prepared before creation should be given to flesh and blood; it contrasts two modes of divine manifestation—gradual unfolding versus sudden revelation—explaining that sudden revelation shows forth a sublime, previously concealed content that now bursts forth to display its splendor and glory.

אמרו לפניו, חמדה [גנוזה] שגנוזה לך תתקע"ד דורות קודם שנברא העולם אתה מבקש ליתנה לבשר ודם, "מה אנוש כי תזכרנו, ובן אדם כי תפקדנו, ד' אדונינו מה אדיר שמך בכל הארץ אשר תנה הודך על השמים." החק הכללי ההולך במדתו מקיף וחודר כל עולמי עד, החמריים והרוחניים, אומר הוא לנו - מעצמיות מהותו, - שתכנית ההויה וההתעלות שבה גם יחדף תוכל להתאר על אחד משני אופנים: לא כן היא ההתגלות הפתאומית, הבאה ברעש, המשנה מערכות וסדרים ישנים, ומעריכה ובונה, מסדרת ומציירת הכל בצורה עשירה חדשה, בכח איתן ונשגב פתאומי, כאן הננו רואים שיש כאן איזה תוכן נשגב, שהיה גנוז עד כה, חמדה גנוזה, שבבא עתה הנה היא מתפרצת ועולה, מזרחת את נגוהותיה ומראה את כבוד עשרה ותפארתה.

Source 10 · Modern
Verified

Ein Aya, Berakhot 4:15

Ein Aya, Berakhot 4:15

One view holds that human nature is inherently prone to sin and thus most people require strict discipline and harsh punishment to guide them rightly, while the opposing view maintains that God created humans upright, and so long as they have not corrupted their nature through transgression, they are disposed toward goodness and righteousness—therefore a person willing to bear the yoke of Torah stands presumptively qualified with proper character traits and requires no scrutiny, such that guidance should be conducted with pleasantness, abundant kindness, and love.

ר"ג הי' סובר שבעצם טבע האדם הוא עלול לכל חטא ועון, ע"כ רוב בנ"א צריכים הנהגה עזה ומקל חובלים כדי להדריכם בדרך ישרה. אבל החולקים עליו סוברים, דהאדם עשהו ד' ישר, וכל זמן שלא קלקל טבעו בכל דבר פשע הוא עלול לכל טוב וצדק, ע"כ לעולם האדם כשנוטה לסבול עול תורה עומד בחזקת כשרות של מדות הגונות וא"צ בדיקה, ושיטת ההדרכה צריכה לפי זה להיות בנועם ורב חסד ואהבה.