The passage states that Ezra established ten ordinances, including that Torah be read on Monday and Thursday so that people would not go three days without Torah study.
עֲשָׂרָה תַּקָּנוֹת תִּיקֵּן עֶזְרָא: שֶׁקּוֹרִין בַּמִּנְחָה בַּשַּׁבָּת; וְקוֹרִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי; וְדָנִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי; וּמְכַבְּסִים בַּחֲמִישִׁי בַּשַּׁבָּת; וְאוֹכְלִין שׁוּם בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת; וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה מַשְׁכֶּמֶת וְאוֹפָה; וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה חוֹגֶרֶת בְּסִינָר; וְשֶׁתְּהֵא אִשָּׁה חוֹפֶפֶת וְטוֹבֶלֶת; וְשֶׁיְּהוּ רוֹכְלִין מַחֲזִירִין בָּעֲיָירוֹת; וְתִיקֵּן טְבִילָה לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין. וְשֶׁיְּהוּ קוֹרְאִין בְּשֵׁנִי וּבַחֲמִישִׁי – עֶזְרָא תִּיקֵּן?! וְהָא מֵעִיקָּרָא הֲוָה מִיתַּקְנָא! דְּתַנְיָא: ״וַיֵּלְכוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וְלֹא מָצְאוּ מָיִם״ – דּוֹרְשֵׁי רְשׁוּמוֹת אָמְרוּ: אֵין מַיִם אֶלָּא תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הוֹי כׇּל צָמֵא לְכוּ לַמַּיִם״. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָלְכוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים בְּלֹא תּוֹרָה, נִלְאוּ, עָמְדוּ נְבִיאִים שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶם וְתִיקְּנוּ לָהֶם שֶׁיְּהוּ קוֹרִין בַּשַּׁבָּת, וּמַפְסִיקִין בְּאֶחָד בַּשַּׁבָּת, וְקוֹרִין בְּשֵׁנִי, וּמַפְסִיקִין שְׁלִישִׁי וּרְבִיעִי, וְקוֹרִין בַּחֲמִישִׁי, וּמַפְסִיקִין עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָלִינוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים בְּלֹא תּוֹרָה.
§ The Sages taught that Ezra the Scribe instituted ten ordinances: He instituted that communities read the Torah on Shabbat in the afternoon; and they also read the Torah on every Monday and Thursday; and the courts convene and judge every Monday and Thursday; and one does laundry on Thursday; and one eats garlic on Shabbat eve. And Ezra further instituted that a woman should rise early and bake bread on those days when she wants to bake; and that a woman should don a breechcloth; and that a woman should first comb her hair and only then immerse in a ritual bath after being ritually impure; and that peddlers of cosmetics and perfumes should travel around through all the towns. And Ezra further instituted the requirement of immersion for those who experienced a seminal emission. The Gemara discusses the second of Ezra’s ordinances: And that they should read the Torah on every Monday and Thursday. The Gemara asks: Did Ezra institute this practice? But it was instituted from the beginning, i.e., long before his time. As it is taught in a baraita with regard to the verse: “And Moses led Israel onward from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water” (Exodus 15:22). Those who interpret verses metaphorically said that water here is referring to nothing other than Torah, as it is stated metaphorically, concerning those who desire wisdom: “Ho, everyone who thirsts, come for water” (Isaiah 55:1). The baraita continues: The verse means that since the Jews traveled for three days without hearing any Torah they became weary, and therefore the prophets among them arose and instituted for them that they should read from the Torah each Shabbat, and pause on Sunday, and read again on Monday, and pause on Tuesday and Wednesday, and read again on Thursday, and pause on Shabbat eve, so they would not tarry three days without hearing the Torah. Evidently this practice predates Ezra.