Types and Numbers of Temple Sacrifices

זֹ֣את הַתּוֹרָ֗ה לָֽעֹלָה֙ לַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְלַֽחַטָּ֖את וְלָאָשָׁ֑ם וְלַ֨מִּלּוּאִ֔ים וּלְזֶ֖בַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֣ר סִינָ֑י בְּי֨וֹם צַוֺּת֜וֹ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַקְרִ֧יב אֶת־קׇרְבְּנֵיהֶ֛ם לַיהֹוָ֖ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃ {פ}

Such are the rituals of the burnt offering, the grain offering, the purgation offering, the reparation offering, the offering of ordination, and the sacrifice of well-being, with which GOD charged Moses on Mount Sinai, when commanding that the Israelites present their offerings to GOD, in the wilderness of Sinai.

וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֔ם זֶ֚ה הָֽאִשֶּׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ לַיהֹוָ֑ה כְּבָשִׂ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֧ה תְמִימִ֛ם שְׁנַ֥יִם לַיּ֖וֹם עֹלָ֥ה תָמִֽיד׃ וּבְיוֹם֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת שְׁנֵֽי־כְבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֧לֶת מִנְחָ֛ה בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן וְנִסְכּֽוֹ׃ וּבְרָאשֵׁי֙ חׇדְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ עֹלָ֖ה לַיהֹוָ֑ה פָּרִ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֤ר שְׁנַ֙יִם֙ וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֔ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם׃

Say to them: These are the offerings by fire that you are to present to GOD: As a regular burnt offering every day, two yearling lambs without blemish. On the sabbath day: two yearling lambs without blemish, together with two-tenths of a measure of choice flour with oil mixed in as a grain offering, and with the proper libation— On your new moons you shall present a burnt offering to GOD: two bulls of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs, without blemish.

הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הָרָאוּי לוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כָּל הָרָאוּי לָאִשִּׁים, אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ו), הִוא הָעֹלָה עַל מוֹקְדָה עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. מָה עוֹלָה שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לָאִשִּׁים, אִם עָלְתָה לֹא תֵרֵד, אַף כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לָאִשִּׁים, אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כָּל הָרָאוּי לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, הִוא הָעֹלָה עַל מוֹקְדָה עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. מַה עוֹלָה שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לַמִּזְבֵּחַ אִם עָלְתָה לֹא תֵרֵד, אַף כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לַמִּזְבֵּחַ אִם עָלָה לֹא יֵרֵד. אֵין בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶלָּא הַדָּם וְהַנְּסָכִים, שֶׁרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר לֹא יֵרְדוּ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר יֵרֵדוּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַזֶּבַח כָּשֵׁר וְהַנְּסָכִים פְּסוּלִים, הַנְּסָכִים כְּשֵׁרִין וְהַזֶּבַח פָּסוּל, אֲפִלּוּ זֶה וָזֶה פְּסוּלִין, הַזֶּבַח לֹא יֵרֵד, וְהַנְּסָכִים יֵרֵדוּ: כֹּל הַתָּדִיר מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹדֵם אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. הַתְּמִידִים קוֹדְמִים לַמּוּסָפִין, מוּסְפֵי שַׁבָּת קוֹדְמִין לְמוּסְפֵי רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, מוּסְפֵי רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ קוֹדְמִין לְמוּסְפֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כח), מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר אֲשֶׁר לְעֹלַת הַתָּמִיד תַּעֲשׂוּ אֶת אֵלֶּה: וְכֹל הַמְקֻדָּשׁ מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, קוֹדֵם אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. דַּם חַטָּאת קוֹדֵם לְדַם עוֹלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְרַצֶּה. אֵבְרֵי עוֹלָה קוֹדְמִין לְאֵמוּרֵי חַטָּאת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כָּלִיל לָאִשִּׁים. חַטָּאת קוֹדֶמֶת לְאָשָׁם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁדָּמָהּ נִתָּן עַל אַרְבַּע קְרָנוֹת וְעַל הַיְּסוֹד. אָשָׁם קוֹדֵם לְתוֹדָה וּלְאֵיל נָזִיר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים. הַתּוֹדָה וְאֵיל נָזִיר קוֹדְמִין לִשְׁלָמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וּטְעוּנִים לָחֶם. שְׁלָמִים קוֹדְמִין לִבְכוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם טְעוּנִין מַתַּן אַרְבַּע, וּסְמִיכָה וּנְּסָכִים וּתְנוּפַת חָזֶה וָשׁוֹק:

Certain unfit items, once they have been placed on the altar, are nevertheless sacrificed. The mishna teaches: The altar sanctifies only items that are suited to it. The tanna’im disagree as to the definition of suited for the altar. Rabbi Yehoshua says: Any item that is suited to be consumed by the fire on the altar, e.g., burnt offerings and the sacrificial portions of other offerings, which are burned on the altar, if it ascended upon the altar, even if it is disqualified from being sacrificed ab initio, it shall not descend. Since it was sanctified by its ascent upon the altar, it is sacrificed upon it, as it is stated: “It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar” (Leviticus 6:2), from which it is derived: Just as with regard to a burnt offering, which is suited to be consumed by the fire on the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend, so too, with regard to any item that is suited to be consumed by the fire on the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend. Rabban Gamliel says: With regard to any item that is suited to ascend upon the altar, even if it is not typically consumed, if it ascended, it shall not descend, even if it is disqualified from being sacrificed ab initio, as it is stated: “It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar,” from which it is derived: Just as with regard to a burnt offering, which is fit for the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend, so too, any item that is fit for the altar, if it ascended it shall not descend. The mishna comments: The difference between the statement of Rabban Gamliel and the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua is only with regard to disqualified blood and disqualified libations, which are not consumed by the fire but do ascend upon the altar, as Rabban Gamliel says: They shall not descend, as they are fit to ascend upon the altar, and Rabbi Yehoshua says: They shall descend, as they are not burned on the altar. Rabbi Shimon says: Whether the offering was fit and the accompanying libations were unfit, e.g., if they became ritually impure or they were brought outside their designated area, or whether the libations were fit and the offering was unfit, rendering the accompanying libations unfit as well, and even if both this and that were unfit, the offering shall not descend, as it was sanctified by the altar, but the libations shall descend. Any offering that is more frequent than another precedes the other offering. Therefore, the daily offerings precede the additional offerings, which are sacrificed only on certain days. When Shabbat and the New Moon coincide, the additional Shabbat offerings precede the additional New Moon offerings. Likewise, the additional New Moon offerings precede the additional New Year offerings. The mishna cites the source for the principle that the frequent precedes the less frequent: As it is stated with regard to the additional offerings of the first day of Passover: “Besides the burnt offering of the morning, which is for a daily burnt offering, you shall offer these” (Numbers 28:23). The verse indicates that the daily offering is sacrificed first, and then the additional offerings are sacrificed. Any offering that is more sacred than another precedes the other offering. The mishna elaborates: If there is blood of a sin offering and blood of a burnt offering to be presented, the blood of the sin offering precedes the blood of the burnt offering because it effects acceptance, i.e., atonement, for severe transgressions punishable by karet. Likewise, if there are limbs of a burnt offering and portions of a sin offering to be burned on the altar, the burning of the limbs of the burnt offering precedes the portions of the sin offering, because the burnt offering is entirely burned in the flames on the altar, whereas only part of the sin offering is burned. Similarly, although both effect atonement, a sin offering precedes a guilt offering due to the fact that its blood is placed on the four corners of the altar and the remnants of its blood are poured on the base of the altar, whereas the blood of the guilt offering is sprinkled on only two corners of the altar. A guilt offering precedes a thanks offering and the nazirite’s ram due to the fact that it is an offering of the most sacred order, and the others are offerings of lesser sanctity. A thanks offering and a nazirite’s ram precede a peace offering due to the fact that they are eaten for one day, like offerings of the most sacred order, whereas a peace offering is eaten for two days, and the thanks offering and nazirite’s ram require loaves to be brought with them, four types with the thanks offering and two types with the nazirite’s ram. Sacrifice of the peace offering precedes sacrifice of the firstborn offering due to the fact that the peace offering requires placing the blood on the altar, in the form of two placements that are four, and placing hands on the head of the offering, and libations, and the wavings of the breast and the thigh by the priest and the owner; none of which is required for the firstborn offering.

״וַיְהִי כִּי צָעֲדוּ נֹשְׂאֵי אֲרוֹן ה׳ שִׁשָּׁה צְעָדִים וַיִּזְבַּח שׁוֹר וּמְרִיא״, וּכְתִיב ״שִׁבְעָה פָרִים וְשִׁבְעָה אֵילִים״. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא בַּר שְׁמוּאֵל: עַל כׇּל פְּסִיעָה וּפְסִיעָה שׁוֹר וּמְרִיא, עַל כׇּל שֵׁשׁ וְשֵׁשׁ פְּסִיעוֹת שִׁבְעָה פָרִים וְשִׁבְעָה אֵילִים.

With regard to David’s journey with the Ark to Jerusalem, the verse states: “And when they who carried the Ark of the Lord had gone six paces, he sacrificed an ox and a fatling” (II Samuel 6:13). And it is written elsewhere that he sacrificed “seven oxen and seven rams” (I Chronicles 15:26). Rav Pappa bar Shmuel says: For each and every step David took, he sacrificed an ox and a fatling, and for every six steps that he took, he sacrificed seven oxen and seven rams.

מַתְנִי׳ זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר וַאֲשָׁמוֹת; אֵלּוּ הֵן אֲשָׁמוֹת – אֲשַׁם גְּזֵילוֹת, אֲשַׁם מְעִילוֹת, אֲשַׁם שִׁפְחָה חֲרוּפָה, אֲשַׁם נָזִיר, אֲשַׁם מְצוֹרָע, אָשָׁם תָּלוּי; שְׁחִיטָתָן בַּצָּפוֹן וְקִיבּוּל דָּמָן בִּכְלֵי שָׁרֵת בַּצָּפוֹן, וְדָמָן טָעוּן שְׁתֵּי מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, וְנֶאֱכָלִין לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים – לְזִכְרֵי כְהוּנָּה, לְכׇל מַאֲכָל, לְיוֹם וָלַיְלָה עַד חֲצוֹת.

MISHNA: These are the halakhot of communal peace offerings and guilt offerings. These are guilt offerings: The guilt offering for robbery, brought by one from whom another demanded payment of a debt and he denied it and took a false oath (see Leviticus 5:20–26); the guilt offering for unwitting misuse of consecrated property (see Leviticus 5:14–16); the guilt offering of an espoused maidservant, brought by one who engaged in sexual intercourse with a Canaanite maidservant betrothed to a Hebrew slave (see Leviticus 19:20–22); the guilt offering of a nazirite who became impure via contact with a corpse (see Numbers 6:12); the guilt offering of a leper, brought for his purification (see Leviticus 14:12); and the provisional guilt offering, brought by one who is uncertain as to whether he committed a sin that requires a sin offering (see Leviticus 5:17–18). Concerning all of these, their slaughter is in the north of the Temple courtyard and collection of their blood in a service vessel is in the north, and their blood requires two placements that are four. And the meat portions of the offering are eaten within the curtains, i.e., in the Temple courtyard, by male priests. And they are eaten prepared in any manner of food preparation, on the day the offering was sacrificed and during the night that follows, until midnight.

שְׁנֵי שְׂעִירֵי יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי כִבְשֵׂי עֲצֶרֶת מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. שְׁנֵי סְדָרִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי בְזִיכִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. הַסְּדָרִים וְהַבְּזִיכִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי מִינִים שֶׁבַּנָּזִיר, שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁבַּפָּרָה, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּמְּצֹרָע, מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שֶׁבַע הַזָּיוֹת שֶׁבַּפָּרָה מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. שֶׁבַע הַזָּיוֹת שֶׁל בֵּין הַבַּדִּים, וְשֶׁעַל הַפָּרֹכֶת, וְשֶׁעַל מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב, מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ: הַפָּרִים וְהָאֵילִים וְהַכְּבָשִׂים אֵינָן מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיוּ לָהֶם פָּרִים מְרֻבִּים וְלֹא הָיוּ לָהֶם נְסָכִים, יָבִיאוּ פַר אֶחָד וּנְסָכָיו, וְלֹא יִקְרְבוּ כֻלָּן בְּלֹא נְסָכִין: הַתְּמִידִין אֵינָן מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַמּוּסָפִים, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִים מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַתְּמִידִים, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. לֹא הִקְרִיבוּ כֶבֶשׂ בַּבֹּקֶר, יַקְרִיבוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָיוּ אֲנוּסִין אוֹ שׁוֹגְגִין. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ מְזִידִין וְלֹא הִקְרִיבוּ כֶבֶשׂ בַּבֹּקֶר, לֹא יַקְרִיבוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם. לֹא הִקְטִירוּ קְטֹרֶת בַּבֹּקֶר, יַקְטִירוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וְכֻלָּהּ הָיְתָה קְרֵבָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם, שֶׁאֵין מְחַנְּכִין אֶת מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב אֶלָּא בִקְטֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים, וְלֹא מִזְבַּח הָעוֹלָה אֶלָּא בְתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר, וְלֹא אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָן אֶלָּא בְלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים בְּשַׁבָּת, וְלֹא אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה אֶלָּא בְשִׁבְעָה נֵרוֹתֶיהָ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם:

With regard to the two goats of Yom Kippur, the absence of each goat prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. With regard to the two sheep brought together with the meal offering of the two loaves on Shavuot, failure to bring each of the sheep prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. With regard to the two loaves brought on Shavuot, failure to bring each of the loaves prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. With regard to the two arrangements of the shewbread, failure to place each of the arrangements prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. With regard to the two bowls of frankincense that accompany the shewbread, failure to place each of the bowls prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. With regard to the arrangements of the shewbread and the bowls of frankincense, failure to bring each of them prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. With regard to the two types of loaves that accompany the offerings of a nazirite: The bread and wafers (see Numbers 6:15); the three species that are part of the rite of the red heifer: The cedar, hyssop, and scarlet wool (see Numbers 19:6); and the four types of loaves that accompany the thanks offering: The loaves, wafers, loaves soaked in hot water, and leavened bread (see Leviticus 7:12); and the four species of the lulav: The lulav, etrog, myrtle, and willow (see Leviticus 23:40); and the four species that are used in the purification process of the leper: The cedar, hyssop, scarlet wool, and birds (see Leviticus 14:4), failure to bring each of the components prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. With regard to the seven sprinklings of the blood of the red heifer that the priest sprinkles opposite the entrance to the Sanctuary (see Numbers 19:4), failure to sprinkle each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. With regard to the seven sprinklings of the blood of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur that are sprinkled on the Ark between the staves (see Leviticus 16:14–15), the seven sprinklings that are sprinkled on the Curtain separating the Sanctuary and Holy of Holies, and the sprinklings that are sprinkled on the golden altar on Yom Kippur, and from all other inner sin offerings, failure to sprinkle each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. Failure to sacrifice one of the bulls, the rams, the sheep, or the goats of the additional offerings brought on Festivals does not prevent the sacrifice of the others. Rabbi Shimon says: If the Temple treasurers had sufficient funds for the numerous bulls that are required to be sacrificed on that day but they did not also have sufficient funds for the accompanying libations, they should rather bring one bull and its libations, and they should not sacrifice all of them without libations. Failure to sacrifice the daily offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the additional offerings, and likewise, failure to sacrifice the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the daily offerings. And failure to sacrifice some of the additional offerings on a day when more than one is sacrificed, e.g., if it was both Shabbat and the New Moon, does not prevent sacrifice of the other additional offerings. If the priests did not sacrifice a lamb in the morning as the daily offering, nevertheless, they should sacrifice a lamb in the afternoon as the daily offering, as failure to sacrifice one daily offering does not prevent sacrifice of the other. In all of these cases, if they failed to sacrifice one offering, they should still sacrifice the other. Rabbi Shimon said: When does this halakha apply? It applies at a time when the failure to sacrifice the daily morning offering was because they were prevented from sacrificing it due to circumstances beyond their control or they failed to sacrifice it unwittingly. But if the priests acted intentionally and did not sacrifice a lamb in the morning as the daily offering, they should not sacrifice a lamb in the afternoon as the daily offering. Incense was burned twice a day, half a measure in the morning and half a measure in the afternoon. If they did not burn the half-measure of incense in the morning, they should burn the half-measure in the afternoon. Rabbi Shimon said: And in such a case, the entire measure was sacrificed in the afternoon. The reason for the difference between the daily offerings and the incense is that the daily service on a new golden altar is initiated only with the burning of the incense of the spices in the afternoon, at which time they would burn a full measure. And the daily service on a new altar of the burnt offering, on which the daily offerings were sacrificed, is initiated only with the daily morning offering. And use of a new Table was initiated only with the arrangement of the shewbread on Shabbat, and use of a new Candelabrum was initiated only with the kindling of its seven lamps in the afternoon.

מַתְנִי׳ כׇּל הַזְּבָחִים שֶׁנִּזְבְּחוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן – כְּשֵׁרִים, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשֵׁם חוֹבָה; חוּץ מִן הַפֶּסַח וְהַחַטָּאת – הַפֶּסַח בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וְהַחַטָּאת בְּכׇל זְמַן. כֵּיצַד? קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים – פְּסוּלִין, קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם קׇדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים – כְּשֵׁרִין. הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים – כְּשֵׁרִין, שְׁלָמִים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם בְּכוֹר וּלְשֵׁם מַעֲשֵׂר – פְּסוּלִין.

MISHNA: All slaughtered offerings that were slaughtered not for their own sake, i.e., during the slaughtering the slaughterer’s intent was to sacrifice a different offering, are fit, and one may continue their sacrificial rites and partake of their meat where that applies. But these offerings did not satisfy the obligation of the owner, who is therefore required to bring another offering. This is the halakha with regard to all offerings except for the Paschal offering and the sin offering. In those cases, if the owner sacrificed them not for their own sake, they are unfit. But there is a difference between the two exceptions. The Paschal offering is unfit only when sacrificed not for its sake at its appointed time, on the fourteenth day of Nisan after noon, while the sin offering is unfit any time that it is sacrificed not for its sake. How so? Offerings of the most sacred order, e.g., sin offerings and burnt offerings, that one slaughtered for the sake of offerings of lesser sanctity, e.g., peace offerings, are unfit. Offerings of lesser sanctity that one slaughtered for the sake of offerings of the most sacred order are fit. Likewise, there is a distinction between different offerings of lesser sanctity. The firstborn animal and the animal tithe that one slaughtered for the sake of a peace offering are fit, as the sanctity of peace offerings is greater. Peace offerings that one slaughtered for the sake of a firstborn animal or for the sake of an animal tithe are unfit.

אָמַר רַב מָרִי: אַף אֲנַן נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא, זֶה הַכְּלָל: כׇּל הַקּוֹמֵץ, וְנוֹתֵן בִּכְלִי, וְהַמּוֹלִיךְ, וְהַמַּקְטִיר. מַתְנִי׳ שָׁחַט שְׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים לֶאֱכוֹל אַחַת מִן הַחַלּוֹת לְמָחָר, הִקְטִיר שְׁנֵי בָּזִיכִין לֶאֱכוֹל אֶחָד מִן הַסְּדָרִים לְמָחָר, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אוֹתָהּ הַחַלָּה וְאוֹתוֹ הַסֵּדֶר שֶׁחִישֵּׁב עָלָיו – פִּיגּוּל וְחַיָּיבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת, וְהַשֵּׁנִי פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָּרֵת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: זֶה וָזֶה פִּיגּוּל וְחַיָּיבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת.

כאלה תעשו ליום שבעת ימים למעלה בתורת כהנים בפרשת אמור דמשתעי בעניני הארץ כמו שפי׳‎ להלן מזכיר הרגלים והתבואות הרגילות לבא בהן לפיכך הזכיר הקרבנות הבאות בגלל העומר ושתי הלחם אבל כאן לא הזכיר רק הקרבנות הבאים על היום.

קָרְבָּנוֹ קַעֲרַת כֶּסֶף, בִּזְכוּת שָׂרָה שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לָהּ אֶלָּא בֵּן אֶחָד וְקָרַב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. פַּר אֶחָד, בִּזְכוּת אַבְרָהָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח, ז) "וְאֶל הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם". אַיִל אֶחָד, בִּזְכוּת יִצְחָק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם כב, יג) "וַיֵּלֶךְ אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקַּח אֶת הָאַיִל". כֶּבֶשׂ אֶחָד, זֶה יִצְחָק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם, ח) "הַשֶּׂה לְעֹלָה בְּנִי". שְׂעִיר עִזִּים, בִּזְכוּת יַעֲקֹב, דִּכְתִיב "וְאֵת עֹרֹת גְּדָיֵי הָעִזִּים". וּלְזֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים בָּקָר שְׁנַיִם, בִּזְכוּת נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא שֶׁכִּפְּרוּ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֵילִם חֲמִשָּׁה עַתּוּדִים חֲמִשָּׁה כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי שָׁנָה חֲמִשָּׁה, בִּזְכוּת שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שְׁבָטִים וּשְׁלֹשָׁה אָבוֹת.

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לְהַקְרִיב שְׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים עוֹלוֹת בְּכָל יוֹם וְהֵם הַנִּקְרָאִים תְּמִידִין. אֶחָד בַּבֹּקֶר וְאֶחָד בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כח ג) "שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם עלָה תָמִיד" וְגוֹ': תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם שׁוֹחֲטִין אוֹתוֹ מִשֶּׁיַּאֲרִיךְ הַצֵּל וְיֵרָאֶה לַכּל שֶׁהֶאֱרִיךְ. וְהוּא מִשֵּׁשׁ וּמֶחֱצָה וָמַעְלָה עַד סוֹף הַיּוֹם. וְלֹא הָיוּ שׁוֹחֲטִין אוֹתוֹ בְּכָל יוֹם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁעוֹת וּמֶחֱצָה וְקָרֵב בְּתֵשַׁע וּמֶחֱצָה. וְלָמָּה מְאַחֲרִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁתֵּי שָׁעוֹת אַחַר תְּחִלַּת זְמַן שְׁחִיטָתוֹ. מִפְּנֵי הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁל יְחִידִים אוֹ שֶׁל צִבּוּר. לְפִי שֶׁאָסוּר לְהַקְרִיב קָרְבָּן כְּלָל קֹדֶם תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר. וְלֹא שׁוֹחֲטִין קָרְבָּן אַחַר תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם חוּץ מִקָּרְבַּן פֶּסַח לְבַדּוֹ. שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיַּקְרִיבוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל פִּסְחֵיהֶן בִּשְׁתֵּי שָׁעוֹת:

It is a positive commandment to offer two lambs as burnt-offerings every day. They are called the continuous offering. One [should be brought] in the morning and one in the afternoon as [Numbers 28:3] states: "Two each day, a continuous offering." [The lamb for] the continuous offering of the afternoon should be slaughtered when the shadows have been extended and it is obvious to all that they have been extended. This is from six and a half hours of the day until the day's end. Every day, they would not slaughter it until eight and a half hours of the day and they would offer it at nine and a half hours. Why would they delay [its slaughter] for two hours after the beginning of the time? Because of the sacrifices of individuals and those of the community. For it is forbidden to offer any sacrifice before the continuous offering of the morning and no sacrifice is offered after the continuous sacrifice of the afternoon with the exception of the Paschal sacrifice. [That leniency was granted, because] it is impossible for all of Israel to offer their Paschal sacrifices in two hours.

וְכָל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת בֵּין שֶׁל צִבּוּר בֵּין שֶׁל יָחִיד אַרְבָּעָה מִינִין. עוֹלָה. וְחַטָּאת. וְאָשָׁם. וּשְׁלָמִים: קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר הֵם שְׁנֵי תְּמִידִין שֶׁל כָּל יוֹם. וּמוּסְפֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת וְרָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים וְהַמּוֹעֲדוֹת וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְכֵן אִם שָׁגְגוּ בֵּית דִּין וְהוֹרוּ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מֵבִיא כָּל שֵׁבֶט וְשֵׁבֶט פַּר וְשָׂעִיר. הַפָּר עוֹלָה וְהַשָּׂעִיר חַטָּאת. וְאֵלּוּ הַשְּׂעִירִים הֵם הַנִּקְרָאִים שְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְאִם שָׁגְגוּ וְהוֹרוּ בִּשְׁאָר הַמִּצְוֹת מְבִיאִין פַּר לְחַטָּאת וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִבּוּר: קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד הֵם הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַפֶּסַח. וְהַחֲגִיגָה וְהִיא שְׁלָמִים. וְהָרְאִיָּה וְהִיא עוֹלוֹת. וְקָרְבַּן הַגֵּר וְהוּא עוֹלָה מִן הַבְּהֵמָה. אוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי יוֹנָה אוֹ שְׁתֵּי תּוֹרִים וּשְׁנֵיהֶן עוֹלָה. אוֹ שְׁתֵּי בְּהֵמוֹת אַחַת עוֹלָה וְאַחַת שְׁלָמִים. וְהַנּוֹדֵר אוֹ הַמִּתְנַדֵּב עוֹלָה אוֹ שְׁלָמִים. וּשְׁלָמִים הַבָּאִין עִם הַלֶּחֶם הֵם הַנִּקְרָאִים תּוֹדָה. וְכֵן קָרְבְּנוֹת הַנָּזִיר וְהֵן עוֹלָה וְחַטָּאת וּשְׁלָמִים. וְקָרְבְּנוֹת מְצֹרָע וְהֵן חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם וְעוֹלָה. וְקָרְבְּנוֹת זָבִים וְיוֹלְדוֹת וְהֵן חַטָּאת וְעוֹלָה. וְקָרְבַּן הַשּׁוֹגֵג בְּמִצְוַת לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ כָּרֵת וְהוּא חַטָּאת. וְאִם נִסְתַּפֵּק לוֹ אִם עָשָׂה אוֹ לֹא עָשָׂה אוֹתוֹ הַחוֹטֵא מֵבִיא אָשָׁם וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. וְיֵשׁ עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁמֵּבִיא עֲלֵיהֶן אָשָׁם וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא אָשָׁם וַדַּאי. וְכֵן אֵיל הָעוֹלָה וּפַר הַחַטָּאת שֶׁמַּקְרִיב כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים הֲרֵי הֵן קָרְבַּן יָחִיד. וּפַר זֶה הוּא הַנִּקְרָא פַּר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְכָל אֵלּוּ הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת מְפֹרָשִׁין הֵן בַּתּוֹרָה וְכָל אֶחָד מֵהֶן יִתְבָּאֲרוּ דִּינָיו בִּמְקוֹמוֹ:

All of the sacrifices - whether those brought by the community or by individuals - are of four types: a) burnt-offerings, b) sin-offerings, c) guilt-offerings, and d) peace-offerings. The communal offerings are the two temidim offered every day, the additional offerings of the Sabbaths, Rashei Chodashim, and the festivals, and the sin-offering of a goat brought on Yom Kippur. Similarly, if [the High] Court inadvertently gave an erroneous ruling with regard to the worship of false deities, every tribe is required to bring a bull and a goat. The bull is brought as a burnt-offering and the goat as a sin-offering. These goats are called "the goats of false deities." If they inadvertently gave an erroneous ruling with regard to other mitzvot, they bring a bull as a sin-offering. It is called "the bull associated with the overlooking of a matter by the community." The sacrifices [brought by] individuals include: a) the firstborn offerings, b) the tithe offerings, c) the Paschal offerings, d) the chagigah offerings, i.e., the peace offerings [brought in association with the pilgrimage festivals], e) the pilgrimage offering which is a burnt-offering, f) the sacrifice brought by a convert, that involves a burnt-offering from a domesticated animal, two small doves or two turtle doves; both of them are burnt-offerings, or two domesticated animals, one as a burnt-offering and one as a peace-offering, g) one who vows or pledges a burnt-offering or a peace offering, h) peace-offerings that are accompanied by bread; they are called thanksgiving offerings, i) the sacrifices of a nazirite, which are a burnt-offering, a sin-offering, and a peace-offering, j) the sacrifices of a metzora, which are a sin-offering, and a guilt-offering, and a burnt-offering, k) the sacrifices of a zav a zavah, and a women after childbirth; they are a sin-offering and a burnt-offering, l) the sacrifice brought by a person who inadvertently violated a negative commandment punishable by karet; it is a sin-offering, m) if a person was unsure of whether he transgressed or not, that transgressor brings a guilt-offering; it is called a conditional guilt-offering, n) there are certain sins for which one brings a guilt-offering [to atone for their transgression]; this is called a definite guilt-offering, o) similarly, the ram brought as a burnt-offering and the bull the High Priest brings from his own resources as a sin-offering on Yom Kippur, are individual offerings; the bull is called "the bull of Yom Kippur." All of these sacrifices are explicitly mentioned in the Torah and the laws governing each of them are explained in the appropriate places.

מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּיִת לַה' מוּכָן לִהְיוֹת מַקְרִיבִים בּוֹ הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת. וְחוֹגְגִין אֵלָיו שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים בַּשָּׁנָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כה ח) "וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ". וּכְבָר נִתְפָּרֵשׁ בַּתּוֹרָה מִשְׁכָּן שֶׁעָשָׂה משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ. וְהָיָה לְפִי שָׁעָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יב ט) "כִּי לֹא בָאתֶם עַד עָתָּה" וְגוֹ': וְעוֹשִׂין בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ כֵּלִים. מִזְבֵּחַ לָעוֹלָה וְלִשְׁאָר הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת. וְכֶבֶשׁ שֶׁעוֹלִים בּוֹ לַמִּזְבֵּחַ. וּמְקוֹמוֹ לִפְנֵי הָאוּלָם מָשׁוּךְ לְדָרוֹם. וְכִיּוֹר וְכַנּוֹ לְקַדֵּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים יְדֵיהֶם וְרַגְלֵיהֶם לָעֲבוֹדָה. וּמְקוֹמוֹ בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ מָשׁוּךְ לְדָרוֹם שֶׁהוּא שְׂמֹאל הַנִּכְנָס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ. וּמִזְבֵּחַ לַקְּטֹרֶת וּמְנוֹרָה וְשֻׁלְחָן וּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּתוֹךְ הַקֹּדֶשׁ לִפְנֵי קֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים:

It is a positive commandment to construct a House for God, prepared for sacrifices to be offered within. We [must] celebrate there three times a year, as [Exodus 25:8] states: "And you shall make Me a sanctuary." The sanctuary constructed by Moses is already described in the Torah. It was only temporary, as [Deuteronomy 12:9] states: "For at present, you have not come unto [the resting place and the inheritance]." The following utensils are required for the Sanctuary: a) an altar for the burnt offering and other sacrifices; b) a ramp to ascend to the altar. It was positioned before the Entrance Hall to the south. c) a wash basin with a pedestal where the priests would sanctify their hands and feet for the (Temple) service. It was positioned between the Entrance Hall and the altar, to the left when entering the Sanctuary. d) the altar for the incense offering, e) the Menorah, and f) the table [for the showbread]. The [latter] three were placed within the Sanctuary, before the Holy of Holies.

מִדִּינֵי הַמִּצְוָה. מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בְּמַעֲשֵׂה הָעוֹלָה, שֶׁהָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית כֵּן, שׁוֹחֲטִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בָּעֲזָרָה, וְהַשְּׁחִיטָה כְּשֵׁרָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּזָרִים. וּמִקַּבָּלַת הַדָּם וְאֵילָךְ מִצְוַת כְּהֻנָּה, וְזוֹרֵק הַכֹּהֵן הַדָּם וּמַפְשִׁיט אוֹתָהּ וּמְנַתְּחָהּ אֵבָרִים שְׁלָמִים, דִּכְתִיב לִנְתָחֶיהָ, וּפֵרְשׁוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (חולין יא א) וְלֹא נְתָחֶיהָ לִנְתָחִים. וּכְשֶׁמְּנַתֵּחַ מֵסִיר גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה מִן הַיָּרֵךְ וּמַקְטִיר כָּל הַנְּתָחִים עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. וְצֶמֶר שֶׁבְּרָאשֵׁי הַכְּבָשִׂים וְשֵׂעָר שֶׁבִּזְקַן הַתְּיָשִׁים, וְהָעֲצָמוֹת וְהַגִּידִים וְהַקַּרְנַיִם וְהַטְּלָפַיִם בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵם מְחֻבָּרִים מַקְטִירִים הַכֹּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם ט) וְהִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַכֹּל. פֵּרְשׁוּ לֹא יַעֲלוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יב כז) וְעָשִׂיתָ עֹלֹתֶיךָ הַבָּשָׂר וְהַדָּם. וְסֵדֶר הַנִּתּוּחַ כֵּיצַד הָיָה (עי' תמיד פ"ד) וַהֲדָחַת בְּנֵי הַמֵּעַיִם כֵּיצַד, וּבְכַמָּה בְּנֵי אָדָם מוֹלִיכִין אֶת הָאֵבָרִים לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (יומא כו, ב) כִּי הַכֶּבֶשׂ בְּשִׁשָּׁה, וְהַשּׁוֹר בְּאַרְבָּעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים בְּעוֹלוֹת צִבּוּר, וְעוֹלוֹת (יומא שם במשנה) יָחִיד בְּפָחוֹת. וְעִנְיַן עוֹלַת הָעוֹף כֵּיצַד נַעֲשֵׂית, וְיֶתֶר פְּרָטֶיהָ מְבֹאָרִים בִּזְבָחִים (סד ב).

From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said about the procedure of the burnt-offering that it was executed thus: We slaughter the beast in the [Temple] yard — and the slaughter is fit even with non-priests, but from the reception of the blood and onward, it is a commandment of the priesthood. And the priest would sprinkle the blood and flay it and dissect the limbs whole — as it is written (Leviticus 1:6), “into sections,” and they, may their memory be blessed, explained (Chullin 11:1), “And not sections into sections.” And when he dissects [it], he removes the sciatic nerve from the thigh, and incinerates all of the sections on top of the altar. And the wool on the heads of the sheep, the hair of the beards of the male goats, the bones, the tendons, the horns and the hooves — when they are attached — we incinerate it all, as it is stated (Leviticus 1:9), “and the priest incinerates it all.” [But if] they were separated, they do not go up, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 12:26), “And you shall execute your burnt-offerings, the meat and the blood.” And how was the order of the dissection (see Mishnah Tamid 4); how was the rinsing of the intestines; with how many people they would move the limbs to the altar — that they, may their memory be blessed, said (Yoma 26b) that the sheep is with six, the ox with twenty-four for communal burnt-offerings and less [for] burnt-offerings of individuals. And the content of the burnt-offering of fowl — how it was done — and the rest of its details are elucidated in Zevachim.

מִדִּינֵי הַמִּצְוָה. מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (זבחים קיב ב) שֶׁקֹּדֶם שֶׁנִּבְנָה הַבַּיִת בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם הָיוּ מַקְרִיבִין קָרְבָּנוֹת בִּשְׁאָר מְקוֹמוֹת, אֲבָל מִשֶּׁנִּבְנָה הַבַּיִת נֶאֶסְרוּ כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת לִבְנוֹת בָּם בַּיִת לַשֵּׁם וּלְהַקְרִיב שָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קלב יד) זֹאת מְנוּחָתִי עֲדֵי עַד. וְאֵלּוּ הֵם הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵם עִקָּר בְּבִנְיַן הַבַּיִת עוֹשִׂין בּוֹ קֹדֶשׁ וְקֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, וְיִהְיֶה לִפְנֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מָקוֹם אַחֵר וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא אוּלָם, וּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן נִקְרָאִין הֵיכָל (מדות פ"ד מ"ו) וְעוֹשִׂין מְחִצָּה אַחַת סָבִיב לַהֵיכָל רְחוֹקָה מִמֶּנּוּ כְּעֵין קַלְעֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהָיוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר, וְכָל הַמֻּקָּף בִּמְחִצָּה זוֹ שֶׁהִיא כְּעֵין חֲצַר אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד הוּא הַנִּקְרָא עֲזָרָה, וְהַכֹּל נִקְרָא מִקְדָּשׁ. וְעוֹשִׂין בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ הַכֵּלִים הַכְּתוּבִים בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁצְּרִיכִים שָׁם. וּמָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ (זבחים פח א) שֶׁכָּל כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ אוֹ נִסְדְּקוּ שֶׁמִּיָּד מַתִּיכִין אוֹתָן וְעוֹשִׂין אוֹתָן חֲדָשִׁים, וְסַכִּין שֶׁנִּשְׁמַט מִקַּתּוֹ אוֹ נִפְגַּם אֵין מְתַקְּנִין אוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא גּוֹנְזִין אוֹתוֹ מִיָּד, שֶׁאֵין עֲנִיּוּת בִּמְקוֹם עֲשִׁירוּת. וְעוֹשִׂין בְּתוֹךְ הָעֲזָרָה גְּבוּלִין עַד כָּאן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, עַד כָּאן לַכֹּהֲנִים, וּבוֹנִין סָמוּךְ לָהּ בָּתִּים לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם כָּל צָרְכֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְכָל אַחַת נִקְרֵאת לִשְׁכָּה. וְיֶתֶר פְּרָטֶיהָ, כְּגוֹן בִּנְיַן הַבַּיִת כֵּיצַד? וְתַבְנִיתוֹ וְכָל מִדּוֹתָיו, וּבִנְיַן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו, מְבֹאָרִים בְּמַסֶּכֶת מִדּוֹת. וְכֵן תַּבְנִית הַמְּנוֹרָה וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן וּמִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב וּמְקוֹמָם בַּהֵיכָל, בַּגְּמָרָא מְנָחוֹת (כח א צז א) וְיוֹמָא (לג ב).

From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Zevachim 112b) that before the Temple was built in Jerusalem, they would sacrifice in other places; but from when the Temple was built, all of the places were forbidden to build a house for the sake of God and to sacrifice there — as it is stated (Psalms 132:14), “This is the place of My resting forever and ever. And these are the things that are the main part of the building of the Temple: We make a Holy and a Holy of Holies there; and in front of the Holy is another place and it is called the chamber, and the three of them are called the sanctuary (Mishnah Middot 4:6); and we make a partition around the sanctuary distant from it, like the curtains of the courtyard that were in the wilderness; and everything that is encircled by this partition, which is like the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting is called the yard — and the whole thing is called the Temple (mikdash) — and we make the vessels in the Temple that are written in the Torah that we need there. And that which they said (Zevachim 88a) that we immediately melt down all holy vessels that become pierced or cracked and make new ones; and [that] we do not fix a knife, the blade of which is detached or dented, but rather bury it immediately, as there is no poverty in a place of wealth. And [that] we make boundaries in the yard — up until here for Israel, up until here for the priests. And [that] close to it, we build enclosures to use for all the needs of the Temple, and each one is called a compartment. And the rest of its details, such as how was the building of the Temple, its form, all of its measurements, the building of the altar and its ordinances — are [all] elucidated in Tractate Middot. And so [too,] the form of the menorah, the table, and the golden altar and their place in the chamber are in the Gemara, [in] Menachot and Yoma.

בפייט שחרית יום ב' עולה ויחס שמות חמשה עגל פר אלף שור בקר כדת חמשה, זומן כיפור בעד נפש נקובת חמשה, נפש רוח חי' נשמה יחידה מחומשה ע"כ, פי' כל קרבנות באים לכפר כאמרם ז"ל תבוא נפש ותכפר על הנפש, היינו שנפשה של בהמה באה על המוקד תמורת נפש האדם, אך כל זה הוא לכפרת הנפש באשר הבהמה יש לה ג"כ נפש אבל רוח נשמה חי' יחידה שהם כוחות שכליים שאין דוגמתם בבהמה איך מתכפרים, אבל חמשה שמות שבשור מורים שיש לשור ג"כ חמשה מהותים כי שם של דבר הוא מהותו והיינו שיש לשור מעלה שהוא מלך שבחיות ויש לו מדת התנשאות, וזה היפוך מדת החומר שכל חומר מתפעל, גם יש לו דעת והכרה כמאה"כ ידע שור קונהו, ומספר חמשה מרמז שהוא יש לו השפעה מחמשה חומשי תורה, וע"כ יש לו ענינים שהם שכליים בצד מה ובקרבן שור מרמז לאדם שמבטל דעתו וכח השכלי שבו להש"י, ע"כ הוא כפרה ג"כ על כחות השכלי שבאדם, והנה גם בסוכות קורין זו הפרשה ולמה לא עשה הפייטן זה על סוכות אבל באשר פסח לחם עוני מורה על ביטול הדעת להש"י וכמו שכתוב זכרתי לך וכו' לכתך אחרי במדבר בארץ לא זרועה, אף שלא היו יודעים לפי שכלם, איך יחיו, והוא כעין קרבן שור לבטל הדעת להש"י כנ"ל: