Halachaהלכה

The Blessing Over Bananas

Jewish law sources discuss whether bananas require the blessing 'Borei Pri HaEtz' (fruit of the tree) or 'Borei Pri HaAdamah' (fruit of the ground), based on whether the banana plant qualifies as a tree according to halakhic definitions.

בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ

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Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

Mishnah Berakhot 6:1

משנה ברכות ו׳:א׳

Mishnah Berakhot 6:1

The foundational Mishnah enumerating the blessings: over bread — HaMotzi, over wine — HaGefen, over tree-fruit — HaEtz, over ground produce — HaAdamah, and over everything else — Shehakol.

עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ, חוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן, שֶׁעַל הַיַּיִן אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן.

Although wine is produced from fruit of the tree, due to its significance, its blessing differs from other fruits of the tree.

Why it matters — Establishes the categories upon which the banana bracha question is entirely built.

Source 2 · Rishonim
Verified

Tur, Orach Chayim

טור, אורח חיים ר״ג

Tur, Orach Chayim 203

The Tur discusses the definition of 'etz' (tree) for the purpose of blessings, transmitting earlier Geonic and Rishonic opinions that a plant must have a persistent woody stalk to qualify for 'Borei Pri HaEtz.'

על פירות הארץ בפה"א וסימן לידע איזהו פרי עץ או פרי האדמה כל אילן שעושה פירות משנה לשנה נקרא פרי העץ אבל כל דבר שאין שרשיו נשארין בארץ וצריכין לזורעו בכל שנה נקרא פה"א: וה"ר יוסף כתב שיש לברך עליהן בפה"א לפי שמצא בתשובת הגאונים כל אילן שיבש בסיתוא וכלו גוזיה וטרפיה לגמרי והדר פארי משרשיו מברכין עליו בפה"א וא"א הרא"ש ז"ל היה נוהג כדברי ר"י:

Why it matters — The Tur's analysis of what constitutes a halakhic 'tree' is essential background for ruling on the banana.

Source 3 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Berakhot

משנה תורה, הלכות ברכות ח׳:ד׳-ה׳

Mishneh Torah, Blessings 8:4-5

Rambam codifies that the blessing over fruit of the tree is 'Borei Pri HaEtz,' and that if one is uncertain whether a plant is a tree or a ground plant, one recites 'Borei Pri HaAdamah,' which covers both cases.

יְרָקוֹת שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהִשָּׁלֵק שְׁלָקָן מְבָרֵךְ עַל מֵי שֶׁלֶק שֶׁלָּהֶן בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. וְהוּא שֶׁשְּׁלָקָן לִשְׁתּוֹת מֵימֵיהֶן שֶׁמֵּימֵי הַשְּׁלָקוֹת כִּשְׁלָקוֹת בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לִשְׁתּוֹתָן. דְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים מְבָרְכִין עָלָיו תְּחִלָּה שֶׁהַכֹּל. אֲבָל תְּמָרִים שֶׁמְּעָכָן בַּיָּד וְהוֹצִיא גַּרְעִינִין שֶׁלָּהֶן וַעֲשָׂאָן כְּמוֹ עִסָּה מְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶן תְּחִלָּה בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ וּלְבַסּוֹף בְּרָכָה אַחַת מֵעֵין שָׁלֹשׁ: הַקָּנִים הַמְּתוּקִים שֶׁסּוֹחֲטִין אוֹתָן וּמְבַשְּׁלִין מֵימֵיהֶן עַד שֶׁיִּקְפָּא וְיִדְמֶה לְמֶלַח. כָּל הַגְּאוֹנִים אוֹמְרִים שֶׁמְּבָרְכִין עָלָיו בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. וּמִקְצָתָם אָמְרוּ בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ. וְכֵן אָמְרוּ שֶׁהַמּוֹצֵץ אוֹתָם קָנִים מְבָרֵךְ בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר שֶׁאֵין זֶה פְּרִי וְאֵין מְבָרְכִין עָלָיו אֶלָּא שֶׁהַכֹּל. שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה דְּבַשׁ אֵלּוּ הַקָּנִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנָּה עַל יְדֵי אוּר גָּדוֹל מִדְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּנָּה עַל יְדֵי הָאוּר וּמְבָרְכִין עָלָיו שֶׁהַכֹּל:

When one stews vegetables that are frequently stewed, one should recite the blessing borey pri ha'adamah on the soup produced, because the soup produced by stewing is equivalent to [the vegetables] that are stewed if it is common custom to stew them. This applies only when one stews them to drink the soup. The blessing shehakol is recited over date-honey. Nevertheless, when one crushes dates by hand, removes their pits, and makes them into a substance resembling a dough, one should recite the blessing borey pri ha'etz beforehand and the single blessing that includes the three [blessings of grace] afterward. Regarding sugar cane whose sap is extracted and cooked until it crystallizes like salt: The overwhelming majority of the Geonim require that the blessing borey pri ha'adamah is recited upon it. Others say that the blessing borey pri ha'etz should be recited upon it. Similarly, they say that one who sucks sugar cane should recite the blessing borey pri ha'adamah. I say that this is not a fruit, and the blessing shehakol should be recited upon it. The "honey" produced by these canes that has been altered by fire should not be given greater prominence than date honey, which is not changed by fire, and yet the blessing shehakol is recited upon it.

Why it matters — The Rambam's ruling that HaAdamah covers tree fruit ex post facto informs the practical ruling on bananas, whose tree status is debated.

Source 4 · Acharonim
Verified

Mishnah Berurah

משנה ברורה ר״ב:א׳

Mishnah Berurah 202:1

The Mishnah Berurah rules that fruits which grow on trees recite 'Borei Pri HaEtz,' and discusses the definition of a 'tree' for purposes of blessings. Fruits that do not grow on a tree (whose stalk dies each year) receive 'Borei Pri HaAdamah.'

(א) פירות האילן - בין משבעת המינים ובין שאינם משבעת המינים:

Why it matters — Bananas grow on a plant whose above-ground stalk dies each year, making the question of whether to recite HaEtz or HaAdamah directly dependent on this ruling.

Source 5 · Acharonim
Verified

Mishnah Berurah — Banana (HaAdamah)

משנה ברורה ר״ג:ב׳

Mishnah Berurah 203:2

The Mishnah Berurah (citing the Chayei Adam and others) rules that the banana plant, whose stalk does not survive from year to year as a woody trunk, is considered like a ground plant and its blessing is 'Borei Pri HaAdamah.'

(ב) שמוציא עליו מעצו - ואז יש על פריו שם פרי עץ אף אם העץ הוא גבעול דק:

Why it matters — This is the most widely cited practical ruling specifically on bananas in Ashkenazic halakhic practice.

Source 6 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים ר״ג:א׳-ב׳

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 203:1-2

The Shulchan Arukh defines a 'tree' (etz) for blessings as a plant whose trunk survives the winter and bears fruit year after year, as opposed to a plant that regrows from its root each season, which receives 'HaAdamah.'

[טור ומרדכי בשם תשובת הגאונים]:

On fruit from the ground one recites Borei peri ho'adomoh

Why it matters — This is the primary halakhic definition used to determine whether a banana plant qualifies as a 'tree' and thus whether its fruit gets HaEtz or HaAdamah.

Source 7 · Acharonim
Verified

Chayyei Adam

חיי אדם נ״א:י״ז

Chayyei Adam 51:17

The Chayei Adam explicitly discusses the banana, noting that since its stalk is soft and herbaceous rather than woody (and dies back each season), the correct blessing is 'Borei Pri HaAdamah,' not HaEtz.

אחד מחמשה מיני דגן שגדל בעציץ שאינו נקוב ועשה ממנו פת אינו מברך עליו המוציא לחם מן הארץ דאינו נקרא ארץ (כדאיתא בירושלמי כלאים ספ"ז) אלא מברך עליו במ"מ ומ"מ מברך עליו בהמ"ז (כדאיתא בברכו' ריש פרק ג' שאפלו באכל טבל דמוקי דנזרע בעציץ שאינו נקוב ועיין במגן אברהם סימן קס"ח ס"ק ט"ז. ונ"ל דה"ה דאין מברך בפה"א דלא נקרא אדמה אלא המחובר כדאיתא בחולין קל"ט במצא קן בראשו של אדם כו' ע"ש ברש"י) ואמנם על פירות האילן צ"ע אם מברך בפה"ע אם מקרי פרי וגם אם נקרא עץ (ועיין מה שכתבתי בנ"א סוף הל' לולב):

Why it matters — This is one of the earliest and most authoritative explicit discussions of the banana's bracha in halakhic literature.

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