Machshavaמחשבה

The Yetzer Hara in the Messianic Age

Jewish sources explore whether the evil inclination will be eliminated, transformed, or subdued in the days of Mashiach. The sources present varying perspectives, from the complete removal of the yetzer hara to its continued presence in a world where physical existence remains.

על יֵצֶר הָרַע שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג

7 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The Gemara in Sukkah 52a records a dispute about what will be mourned at the end of days, with one opinion identifying the eulogy as being for the evil inclination itself — because God will slaughter it in the presence of the righteous and the wicked, at which point both groups weep, the righteous lamenting how they ever managed to overcome something so towering, and the wicked lamenting how they failed to resist something so slight.

Da'at Tevunot 40:7 builds on this by distinguishing between the era of Mashiach and the world to come: the passage states that even in the days of Mashiach a verse from Yechezkel (36:26–27) already applies, suggesting a divine intervention in the human heart, but that the complete stripping away of the evil inclination and 'the bad tendencies it produces' belongs to the subsequent renewal of the world, when people will be 'like angels and not like donkeys.'

Netzach Yisrael 46:2 sharpens the distinction further, ruling that in the days of Mashiach the world will not yet be entirely intellect-governed and people will still eat and drink — unlike the world to come — which implies the evil inclination still operates, even if in a diminished form.

Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 52a

סוכה נ״ב א — ד"ה הָא הֶסְפֵּידָא מַאי עֲבִידְתֵּיהּ

Sukkah 52a:2

This sugya discusses the yetzer hara as a formidable force and portrays the future redemption as a time when God will bring it to slaughter. It is a central source for the idea that the yetzer hara will not remain active in the messianic future.

הָא הֶסְפֵּידָא מַאי עֲבִידְתֵּיהּ? פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ רַבִּי דּוֹסָא וְרַבָּנַן. חַד אָמַר: עַל מָשִׁיחַ בֶּן יוֹסֵף שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג, וְחַד אָמַר: עַל יֵצֶר הָרַע שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג. כִּדְדָרֵשׁ רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, מְבִיאוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיֵצֶר הָרָע, וְשׁוֹחֲטוֹ בִּפְנֵי הַצַּדִּיקִים וּבִפְנֵי הָרְשָׁעִים. צַדִּיקִים נִדְמֶה לָהֶם כְּהַר גָּבוֹהַּ, וּרְשָׁעִים נִדְמֶה לָהֶם כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה. הַלָּלוּ בּוֹכִין וְהַלָּלוּ בּוֹכִין. צַדִּיקִים בּוֹכִין וְאוֹמְרִים: הֵיאַךְ יָכוֹלְנוּ לִכְבּוֹשׁ הַר גָּבוֹהַּ כָּזֶה! וּרְשָׁעִים בּוֹכִין וְאוֹמְרִים: הֵיאַךְ לֹא יָכוֹלְנוּ לִכְבּוֹשׁ אֶת חוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה הַזֶּה! וְאַף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא תָּמֵהַּ עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ צְבָאוֹת כִּי יִפָּלֵא בְּעֵינֵי שְׁאֵרִית הָעָם הַזֶּה בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם גַּם בְּעֵינַי יִפָּלֵא״.

Apropos the eulogy at the end of days, the Gemara asks: For what is the nature of this eulogy? The Gemara answers: Rabbi Dosa and the Rabbis disagree concerning this matter. One said that this eulogy is for Messiah ben Yosef who was killed in the war of Gog from the land of Magog prior to the ultimate redemption with the coming of Messiah ben David. And one said that this eulogy is for the evil inclination that was killed. The Gemara answers: This can be understood as Rabbi Yehuda taught: In the future, at the end of days, God will bring the evil inclination and slaughter it in the presence of the righteous and in the presence of the wicked. For the righteous the evil inclination appears to them as a high mountain, and for the wicked it appears to them as a mere strand of hair. These weep and those weep. The righteous weep and say: How were we able to overcome so high a mountain? And the wicked weep and say: How were we unable to overcome this strand of hair? And even the Holy One, Blessed be He, will wonder with them, as it is stated with regard to the eulogy: “So says the Lord of hosts: If it be wondrous in the eyes of the remnant of this people in those days, it should also be wondrous in My eyes” (Zechariah 8:6).

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Yoma 69b

יומא ס״ט ב — ד"ה ״וַיִּצְעֲקוּ אֶל ה׳ אֱלֹהִים בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל״

Yoma 69b:6

The Gemara records the אנשי כנסת הגדולה praying for the yetzer hara of idolatry to be handed over, showing that different dimensions of the yetzer can be removed while human life continues. It helps distinguish between various forms of yetzer hara and their possible future status.

״וַיִּצְעֲקוּ אֶל ה׳ אֱלֹהִים בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל״. מַאי אֲמוּר? אָמַר רַב, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: בִּיָּיא בִּיָּיא הַיְינוּ הַאי דְּאַחְרְבֵיהּ לְמַקְדְּשָׁא וְקַלְיֵהּ לְהֵיכְלֵיהּ וְקַטְלִינְהוּ לְכוּלְּהוּ צַדִּיקֵי וְאַגְלִינְהוּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַרְעֲהוֹן, וַעֲדַיִין מְרַקֵּד בֵּינַן. כְּלוּם יְהַבְתֵּיהּ לַן אֶלָּא לְקַבּוֹלֵי בֵּיהּ אַגְרָא? לָא אִיהוּ בָּעֵינַן, וְלָא אַגְרֵיהּ בָּעֵינַן! אֲמַרוּ: הוֹאִיל וְעֵת רָצוֹן הוּא, נִבְעֵי רַחֲמֵי אַיִּצְרָא דַעֲבֵירָה. בְּעוֹ רַחֲמֵי וְאִמְּסַר בִּידַיְיהוּ. אֲמַר לְהוּ: חֲזוֹ, דְּאִי קָטְלִיתוּ לֵיהּ לְהָהוּא, כָּלֵי עָלְמָא. חַבְשׁוּהוּ תְּלָתָא יוֹמֵי, וּבָעוּ בֵּיעֲתָא בַּת יוֹמָא בְּכׇל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא אִשְׁתְּכַח. אָמְרִי: הֵיכִי נַעֲבֵיד? נִקְטְלֵיהּ — כָּלֵי עָלְמָא, נִיבְעֵי רַחֲמֵי אַפַּלְגָא — פַּלְגָא בִּרְקִיעָא לָא יָהֲבִי. כַּחְלִינְהוּ לְעֵינֵיהּ וְשַׁבְקוּהוּ, וְאַהְנִי דְּלָא מִיגָּרֵי בֵּיהּ לְאִינִישׁ בְּקָרִיבְתֵּהּ.

The Gemara recounts the event described in the verses: The verse states: And they cried with a loud voice to the Lord their God (Nehemiah 9:4). What was said? Rav said, and some say it was Rabbi Yoḥanan who said: Woe, woe. It is this, i.e., the evil inclination for idol worship, that destroyed the Temple, and burned its Sanctuary, and murdered all the righteous ones, and caused the Jewish people to be exiled from their land. And it still dances among us, i.e., it still affects us. Didn’t You give it to us solely for the purpose of our receiving reward for overcoming it? We do not want it, and we do not want its reward. We are prepared to forgo the potential rewards for overcoming the evil inclination as long as it departs from us. When they saw that the evil inclination for idol worship was delivered into their hands as they requested, the Sages said: Since it is an auspicious time, let us pray also concerning the evil inclination for sin in the area of sexual relationships. They prayed, and it was also delivered into their hands. Zechariah the prophet said to them: See and understand that if you kill this evil inclination the world will be destroyed because as a result there will also no longer be any desire to procreate. They followed his warning, and instead of killing the evil inclination they imprisoned it for three days. At that time, people searched for a fresh egg throughout all of Eretz Yisrael and could not find one. Since the inclination to reproduce was quashed, the chickens stopped laying eggs. They said: What should we do? If we kill it, the world will be destroyed. If we pray for half, i.e., that only half its power be annulled, nothing will be achieved because Heaven does not grant half gifts, only whole gifts. What did they do? They gouged out its eyes, effectively limiting its power, and set it free. And this was effective to the extent that a person is no longer aroused to commit incest with his close relatives.

Source 3 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Repentance 8:1-2

משנה תורה, הלכות תשובה ח׳:א׳-ב׳

Mishneh Torah, Repentance 8:1-2

Rambam explains that the ultimate reward of the World to Come is a state of disembodied spiritual enjoyment, not bodily appetites. This is often used to frame whether moral struggle and desire remain in the final perfected state.

הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא אֵין בּוֹ גּוּף וּגְוִיָּה אֶלָּא נַפְשׁוֹת הַצַּדִּיקִים בִּלְבַד בְּלֹא גּוּף כְּמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת. הוֹאִיל וְאֵין בּוֹ גְּוִיּוֹת אֵין בּוֹ לֹא אֲכִילָה וְלֹא שְׁתִיָּה וְלֹא דָּבָר מִכָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁגּוּפוֹת בְּנֵי אָדָם צְרִיכִין לָהֶן בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. וְלֹא יֶאֱרַע דָּבָר בּוֹ מִן הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁמְּאָרְעִין לַגּוּפוֹת בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. כְּגוֹן יְשִׁיבָה וַעֲמִידָה וְשֵׁנָה וּמִיתָה וְעֶצֶב וּשְׂחוֹק וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. כָּךְ אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים (גמרא ברכות יז א) "הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא אֵין בּוֹ לֹא אֲכִילָה וְלֹא שְׁתִיָּה וְלֹא תַּשְׁמִישׁ אֶלָּא צַדִּיקִים יוֹשְׁבִים וְעַטְרוֹתֵיהֶם בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶן וְנֶהֱנִין מִזִּיו הַשְּׁכִינָה". הֲרֵי נִתְבָּרֵר לְךָ שֶׁאֵין שָׁם גּוּף לְפִי שֶׁאֵין שָׁם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה. וְזֶה שֶׁאָמְרוּ צַדִּיקִים יוֹשְׁבִין דֶּרֶךְ חִידָה אָמְרוּ. כְּלוֹמַר הַצַּדִּיקִים מְצוּיִין שָׁם בְּלֹא עָמָל וּבְלֹא יְגִיעָה. וְכֵן זֶה שֶׁאָמְרוּ עַטְרוֹתֵיהֶן בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶן כְּלוֹמַר דַּעַת שֶׁיָּדְעוּ שֶׁבִּגְלָלָהּ זָכוּ לְחַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא מְצוּיָה עִמָּהֶן וְהִיא הָעֲטָרָה שֶׁלָּהֶן כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁאָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה (שיר השירים ג יא) "בָּעֲטָרָה שֶׁעִטְּרָה לּוֹ אִמּוֹ". וַהֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (ישעיה לה י) "וְשִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם עַל רֹאשָׁם" וְאֵין הַשִּׂמְחָה גּוּף כְּדֵי שֶׁתָּנוּחַ עַל הָרֹאשׁ. כָּךְ עֲטָרָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּאן הִיא הַיְדִיעָה. וּמַהוּ זֶה שֶׁאָמְרוּ נֶהֱנִין מִזִּיו הַשְּׁכִינָה. שֶׁיּוֹדְעִים וּמַשִּׂיגִין מֵאֲמִתַּת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַה שֶּׁאֵינָם יוֹדְעִים וְהֵם בַּגּוּף הָאָפֵל הַשָּׁפָל:

In the world to come, there is no body or physical form, only the souls of the righteous alone, without a body, like the ministering angels. Since there is no physical form, there is neither eating, drinking, nor any of the other bodily functions of this world like sitting, standing, sleeping, death, sadness, laughter, and the like. Thus, the Sages of the previous ages declared: "In the world to come, there is neither eating, drinking, nor sexual relations. Rather, the righteous will sit with their crowns on their heads and delight in the radiance of the Divine Presence." From that statement, it is clear that there is no body, for there is no eating or drinking. [Consequently,] the statement, "the righteous sit," must be interpreted metaphorically, i.e., the righteous exist there without work or labor. Similarly, the phrase, "their crowns on their heads," [is also a metaphor, implying] that they will possess the knowledge that they grasped which allowed them to merit the life of the world to come. This will be their crown. A similar [usage of this metaphor was employed by] Solomon [Song of Songs 3:11]: "The crown with which his mother crowned him." [Support for the concept that this does not refer to a physical crown can be brought from the prophecy, Isaiah 51:11]: "Eternal joy will be upon their heads." Joy is not a physical entity which can rest on a head. Similarly, the expression "crown" used by the Sages [refers to a spiritual concept], knowledge. What is meant by the expression, "delight in the radiance of the Divine Presence"? That they will comprehend the truth of Godliness which they cannot grasp while in a dark and humble body.

Source 4 · Acharonim
Verified

Netzach Yisrael 46:2

Netzach Yisrael 46:2

In the days of Mashiach, repentance will not be possible because there will be no transformation from evil to good or vice versa, since the world will not yet be entirely intellectual and people will not be like separated angels—they will still eat and drink, and therefore the world of Mashiach is not like the world to come.

אבל לימות המשיח לא יוכל לעשות תשובה, כי אין שם שנוי שישנה עצמו מרע לטוב שיהיה הרשע צדיק, או מטוב לרע. והדעת נותן כך, כי אין ימי המשיח שיהיה העולם שכלי לגמרי, ויהיו כמו מלאכים נבדלים, שהרי יהיו אוכלים ושותים, ואינו עולם המשיח כמו עולם הבא.

Source 5 · Acharonim
Verified

Da'at Tevunot 40

דעת תבונות מ׳ — ד"ה ולא עוד

Da'at Tevunot 40:7

The passage states that in the messianic age, the evil inclination will be removed from human beings through purification, and humans will no longer operate by choice but only by compulsion, such that their service to God will no longer merit reward or obligation, as evidenced by the teaching that "the days of Messiah have no merit and no obligation.

ולא עוד, אלא בהיות הכוונה בהסתר פנים שזכרנו, רק כי יחזור ויגלה אותם וישוב ירחמנו, הנה אפילו הבחירה הזאת שהוא מניח לנו עתה, ותמיד הדבר תלוי ועומד אם להטיב ואם להרע ח"ו לפי רוב המעשה, אין סופה להתקיים כך, אלא הזמן ששיערה המחשבה העליונה היותו צריך ומספיק לכל הנשמות אשר עשה, שבו יתוקנו - מי בצדקתם, מי בתשובתם ומי בקבלת היסורין; וזה הוא המועד אשר שם שיתא אלפי שנה, כדברי רז"ל (ר"ה לא.; סנהדרין צז ע"א). ואחר יחדש עולמו להיות בני האדם כמלאכים ולא כחמורים, אבל יהיו נפשטים מן החומר הגס הזה, ומן התולדות הרעות שלו, הן הם יצר הרע וכל הנמשך ממנו. ואפילו לימות המשיח קרא כתיב (יחזקאל לו, כו - כז), "והסירותי לב האבן מבשרכם וגו' ועשיתי את אשר בחוקי תלכו". וחז"ל אמרו (שבת קנא,; מ"ר קהלת יב, ב), "שנים אשר תאמר אין לי בהם חפץ" (קהלת יב, יב) - אלו ימות המשיח, שאין בהם לא זכות ולא חובה" וזה פשוט, כי כאשר יטהר האדם מיצר הרע, הנה אין עבודתו אלא בכח מוכרח, ואין השבח מגיע אליו כלל: ומה שעתה בעבור רוב הסתר הפנים נפסדו הדיעות ונתקלקלו כל המעשים, ומזה נמשך גם כן בבריות עצמם הקלקול והפסדות, כענין שאמרו (סוטה מח ע"א), "ניטל טעם הפירות" וכו', וכל שאר הדברים הרעים שספרו לנו רז"ל, ואשר רואים אנחנו בעינינו - הארץ והנה תהו ובהו, וכמאמרם ז"ל (סוטה מט ע"ב), "חוצפא יסגא ויוקר יאמיר" וכו', שכל זה הוא תגבורת הרע הגדול, הנה כאשר יגלה כבוד ה' - ישובו כל הדיעות לדרך הישרה, וכל המעשים יהיו מתוקנים כראש, ויהיו בני האדם מתדבקים בקונם, כמו שאמר הכתוב (יואל ג, א), "אשפוך את רוחי על כל בשר" וגו'; וכן (ירמיהו לא, לג), "ולא ילמדו עוד איש את רעהו וגו' לאמר דעו את ה', כי כלם ידעו אותי למקטנם ועד גדולם"; ותהיה התשוקה הכללית לכל העולם להתקדש בקדושתו ית', כענין שנאמר (ישעיהו ב, ג), "והלכו עמים רבים ואמרו לכו ונעלה אל הר ה' וגו' ויורנו מדרכיו ונלכה באורחתיו" וגו'. ויולד מזה הצלחות הבריות כולם, כענין שנאמר (תהלים עב, טז), "יהי פסת בר בארץ בראש הרים"; (ישעיהו יא, ו), "וגר זאב עם כבש" וגו':

And not only this, rather the intention of the concealment of His countenance that we mentioned, is only so that He return and reveal it[his countenance] and they repent with his mercy, behold even this choice that he leaves us now, and the matter is dependent and stands either to the good or the bad G-d forbid according to the majority of action, its end is not to continue to exist like this, rather the time that the heavenly thought left is needed and adequate for all the souls which he made, that through this they shall be rectified - who through their righteousness, and who through their repentance, and who through the receipt of afflictions; and this is the time that he set of six thousand years, like the words of our Rabbis may their memory be blessed (Rosh haShanah 31a; Sanhedrin 97a). And afterwards he will renew his world for man to be like angels and not like asses, but they will be removed from this coarse material, and from the its negative consequences, which is the evil inclination and all that is derived from it. And even in the time of the Messiah the text is written (Ezekiel 36:26-27), "And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh..." "...and I will cause you to follow my laws..." And the sages may their memory be blessed said (Shabbos 151b, Midrash Rabbah Ecclesiastes 12:2), "And the years will arrive where you will say I have no desire for them (Ecclesiastes 12:12) - these are the days of the Messiah, which have no merit and no obligation" and this is clear, for when man is purified from the evil inclination, behold his service is only through enforced impetus, and praise does not reach him at all: And that which is now because of the significant concealment of His countenance, wisdom has been diminished and actions have been damaged, and as s consequence to this all of the creations themselves have been damaged and diminished, as they said (Sotah 48a), "...the taste of the fruit has been taken...", and all the other negative things that our Rabbis may their memory be blessed have told us, and which we see with our own eyes - behold the land is chaos, and like their saying may they be blessed (Sotah 49b), [in the time before Mashiach], brazenness will increase and prices will increase...", for all of this is the strengthening of great negativity, behold when the glory of HaShem will be revealed - all wisdom will return to the straight path, and all actions will be restored as at the beginning, and people will cleave to their creator, as it says in the text (Joel 3:1) "I shall pour out my spirit on all flesh..."; and similarly (Jeremiah 31:33), "And man will no longer teach is fellow...to say know HaShem, for all will know me from the small among them to the great"; and it will be that the general passion for the whole world will be to made holy with His holiness may He be blessed, and like the matter that says (Isaiah 2:3), " And the many peoples will travel and say let us go and ascend to the mount of HaShem...and he will instruct us in his path and we will follow after him...". And born from this will be all the successes of the creations, as the matter that is said (Psalms 72:16), "Let abundant grain be in the land on the tops of the mountains...."; (Isaiah 11:6) "and the wolf will dwell with the lamb...":

Source 6 · Hasidic
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Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 12

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים י״ב — ד"ה אֲבָל אַחַר הַתְּפִלָּה

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 12:4

The Alter Rebbe distinguishes between the average person, who experiences ongoing conflict, and the tzaddik, whose evil inclination is subdued. This chapter is directly relevant to whether the messianic future entails elimination or transformation of the yetzer hara.

אֲבָל אַחַר הַתְּפִלָּה, בְּהִסְתַּלְּקוּת הַמּוֹחִין דְּגַדְלוּת אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, הֲרֵי הָרָע חוֹזֵר וְנֵיעוֹר בֶּחָלָל הַשְּׂמָאלִי, וּמִתְאַוֶּה תַּאֲוָה לְתַאֲוֹת עוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְתַעֲנוּגָיו. וְאַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן אֵינוֹ נִקְרָא ״צַדִּיק״ כְּלָל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיִּתְרוֹן הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר לְאוֹר נֶפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית עַל הַחוֹשֶׁךְ וְסִכְלוּת שֶׁל הַקְּלִיפָּה הַנִּדְחֶה מִמֵּילָא – אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה לְבוּשֶׁיהָ הַנִּזְכָּרִים לְעֵיל, וְלֹא בְּמַהוּתָהּ וְעַצְמוּתָהּ עַל מַהוּתָהּ וְעַצְמוּתָהּ שֶׁל הַקְּלִיפָּה, כִּי מַהוּתָהּ וְעַצְמוּתָהּ שֶׁל נֶפֶשׁ הַבַּהֲמִית שֶׁמֵּהַקְּלִיפָּה שֶׁבֶּחָלָל הַשְּׂמָאלִי – לֹא נִדְחָה כְּלָל מִמְּקוֹמוֹ בַּבֵּינוֹנִי אַחַר הַתְּפִלָּה, שֶׁאֵין רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ אַהֲבַת ה׳ בְּהִתְגַּלּוּת לִבּוֹ בֶּחָלָל הַיְמָנִי, כִּי אִם תּוֹכוֹ רָצוּף ״אַהֲבָה מְסוּתֶּרֶת״, שֶׁהִיא אַהֲבָה הַטִּבְעִית שֶׁבַּנֶּפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן.

However, after prayer, when the state of sublimity of the Intellect of the En Sof, blessed is He, departs, the evil in the left part reawakens, and he begins to feel a desire for the lusts of the world and its delights. Nevertheless, such a person is not deemed a tzaddik at all, because the superiority which the light of the divine soul possesses over the darkness and foolishness of the kelipah, wherewith the latter is expelled forthwith, exists only in the aforementioned three garments, but does not extend to its very essence and being in relation to those of the kelipah. For in the benoni, the essence and being of the animal soul from the kelipah in the left part remains entirely undislodged after prayer. For then the burning love of G–d is not in a revealed state in his heart, in the right part, but is only inwardly paved with hidden love that is the natural adoration in the divine soul, as will be explained later.

Source 7 · Hasidic
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Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים כ״ז — ד"ה וְעַל זֶה אָמַר אִיּוֹב

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27:7

This chapter discusses the struggle with unwanted thoughts and the strategy of not being defeated by them. It sharpens the distinction between eradication of the yetzer and mastery over it.

וְעַל זֶה אָמַר אִיּוֹב: ״בָּרָאתָ רְשָׁעִים״; וְלֹא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ רְשָׁעִים בֶּאֱמֶת חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, אֶלָּא שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ אֲלֵיהֶם כְּמַעֲשֵׂה הָרְשָׁעִים בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתָּם וְהִרְהוּרָם לְבַד, וְהֵם יִהְיוּ נִלְחָמִים תָּמִיד לְהַסִּיחַ דַּעְתָּם מֵהֶם, כְּדֵי לְאַכֽפַּיָא לְסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא, וְלֹא יוּכְלוּ לְבַטְּלָהּ מִכֹּל וָכֹל, כִּי זֶה נַעֲשֶׂה עַל יְדֵי צַדִּיקִים. וּשְׁנֵי מִינֵי נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנָיו יִתְבָּרֵךְ לְמַעְלָה: אֶחָד – מִבִּיטּוּל הַסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא לְגַמְרֵי, וְאִתְהַפְּכָא מִמְּרִירוּ לְמִתְקָא וּמֵחֲשׁוֹכָא לִנְהוֹרָא, עַל יְדֵי הַצַּדִּיקִים. וְהַשֵּׁנִית – כַּד אִתְכַּפְיָא הַסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא בְּעוֹדָהּ בְּתָקְפָּהּ וּגְבוּרָתָהּ וּמַגְבִּיהַּ עַצְמָהּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר, וּמִשָּׁם מוֹרִידָהּ ה׳ בְּאִתְעָרוּתָא דִלְתַתָּא עַל יְדֵי הַבֵּינוֹנִים.

It is concerning this that Job said, “You have created wicked men”—not that they shall actually be wicked, G–d forbid, but that they shall share the temptations of the wicked in their thoughts and meditations alone and that they shall eternally wage war to avert their minds from them in order to subdue the sitra achara; yet they would not be able to annihilate it completely, for that is accomplished by the tzaddikim. For there are two kinds of gratification before Him, blessed be He: one, from the complete annihilation of the sitra achara and the conversion of bitter to sweet and of darkness to light by the tzaddikim; the second, when the sitra achara is subdued while it is still at its strongest and most powerful and soars like an eagle, whence the L–rd brings her down through the effort of the benonim below.