Israelארץ ישראל

The Biblical and Rabbinic Source for Aliyah

These sources trace the religious and legal foundations for immigrating to and settling in the Land of Israel, from Abraham's initial divine command through biblical obligations, Talmudic discussions of its spiritual value, medieval legal codes, and modern Kabbalistic interpretations of Aliyah's role in Jewish spiritual life.

לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖

27 sources · 22 verified

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What the sources say

The foundation of the obligation to settle the land rests on a direct divine command, as God instructs Abram to leave his homeland and go to the land God will show him, and Numbers 33:53 states explicitly: 'you shall take possession of the land and settle in it, for I have assigned the land to you to possess.' (Genesis) (Numbers)

Chazal translate this obligation into enforceable legal norms: the Gemara in Ketubot rules that any member of a household may compel the others to ascend to Eretz Yisrael, and that no one may compel removal from it. (Talmud Bavli)

The Mishneh Torah enumerates the spiritual stakes, citing Chazal's teaching that dwelling in Eretz Yisrael brings forgiveness of sins, that even walking four cubits there earns a share in the world to come, and that burial there provides atonement — while dying outside the land is described by Amos as a punishment. (Mishneh Torah)

The Kuzari presses the point further, charging that one who prays 'Have mercy on Zion, for it is the house of our life' while making no effort to dwell there falls short of the duty laid down in the Torah, and that the land's having been the abode of the Shekhinah is itself sufficient reason for souls to seek purification there. (Kuzari – The Unique Sanctity of Eretz Yisrael)

The Gemara in Yoma reinforces the urgency historically, lamenting that because the Jewish people returned from Babylon only in scattered fashion rather than as a unified bloc, they forfeited the full glory of the Divine Presence that a complete mass ascent would have secured. (Talmud Bavli)

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Genesis

Genesis 12:1-3:1

The divine command to Abraham to leave his homeland and go to the land that God will show him is often seen as the first articulation of the idea of settling in the Land of Israel.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ׃

GOD said to Abram, “Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you.

Source 2 · Tanach
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Numbers

Numbers 33:53

The Israelites are commanded to take possession of the land and settle in it, indicating a divine imperative to inhabit the land given to them.

וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֹתָֽהּ׃

And you shall take possession of the land and settle in it, for I have assigned the land to you to possess.

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 30:3-5:1

Moses speaks of God's promise to bring the Israelites back to their land from exile, a theme linked to the concept of Aliyah.

וְשָׁ֨ב יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־שְׁבוּתְךָ֖ וְרִחֲמֶ֑ךָ וְשָׁ֗ב וְקִבֶּצְךָ֙ מִכׇּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֱפִֽיצְךָ֛ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ אִם־יִהְיֶ֥ה נִֽדַּחֲךָ֖ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם מִשָּׁ֗ם יְקַבֶּצְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וּמִשָּׁ֖ם יִקָּחֶֽךָ׃ וֶהֱבִיאֲךָ֞ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָרְשׁ֥וּ אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְהֵיטִֽבְךָ֥ וְהִרְבְּךָ֖ מֵאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃

then the ETERNAL your God will restore your fortunes and take you back in love. You will be brought together again from all the peoples where the ETERNAL your God has scattered you. Even if your outcasts are at the ends of the world, from there the ETERNAL your God will gather you—from there you will be fetched. And the ETERNAL your God will bring you to the land that your ancestors possessed, and you shall possess it; and you will be made more prosperous and more numerous than your ancestors.

Source 4 · Tanach
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Lech Lecha – The Call to the Land

Genesis 12:1

God commands Avraham to leave his homeland and go to the land that He will show him, promising to make him a great nation. This is the foundational call of Aliyah — the Divine imperative to journey toward Eretz Yisrael.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם לֶךְ־לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ׃

GOD said to Abram, “Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you.

Source 5 · Tanach
Verified

The Promise of Ingathering

Deuteronomy 30:1-5:3

The Torah promises that even from the farthest reaches of the earth, God will gather the Jewish people and return them to the Land of Israel. This passage is a foundational biblical source for the redemptive significance of Aliyah.

וְשָׁ֨ב יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־שְׁבוּתְךָ֖ וְרִחֲמֶ֑ךָ וְשָׁ֗ב וְקִבֶּצְךָ֙ מִכׇּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֱפִֽיצְךָ֛ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ אִם־יִהְיֶ֥ה נִֽדַּחֲךָ֖ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם מִשָּׁ֗ם יְקַבֶּצְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וּמִשָּׁ֖ם יִקָּחֶֽךָ׃ וֶהֱבִיאֲךָ֞ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָרְשׁ֥וּ אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְהֵיטִֽבְךָ֥ וְהִרְבְּךָ֖ מֵאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃

then the ETERNAL your God will restore your fortunes and take you back in love. You will be brought together again from all the peoples where the ETERNAL your God has scattered you. Even if your outcasts are at the ends of the world, from there the ETERNAL your God will gather you—from there you will be fetched. And the ETERNAL your God will bring you to the land that your ancestors possessed, and you shall possess it; and you will be made more prosperous and more numerous than your ancestors.

Source 6 · Tanach
Verified

If I Forget Thee, O Jerusalem

Psalms 137:5-6:1

The Psalmist vows never to forget Jerusalem, pledging that his right hand wither and his tongue cleave to his palate if he does not set Jerusalem above his highest joy. A powerful expression of the eternal bond to Eretz Yisrael.

אִֽם־אֶשְׁכָּחֵ֥ךְ יְֽרוּשָׁלָ֗͏ִם תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח יְמִינִֽי׃ תִּדְבַּֽק־לְשׁוֹנִ֨י ׀ לְחִכִּי֮ אִם־לֹ֢א אֶ֫זְכְּרֵ֥כִי אִם־לֹ֣א אַ֭עֲלֶה אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֑͏ִם עַ֝֗ל רֹ֣אשׁ שִׂמְחָתִֽי׃

If I forget you, O Jerusalem, let my right hand wither; let my tongue stick to my palate if I cease to think of you, if I do not keep Jerusalem in memory even at my happiest hour.

Source 7 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli

Ketubot 110b-111a

The Talmud discusses the significance of living in the Land of Israel, stating that one should always live there and treat it as preferable to living elsewhere.

נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בְּקַפּוֹטְקְיָא וְגֵרְשָׁהּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל — נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת קַפּוֹטְקְיָא. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בְּקַפּוֹטְקְיָא וְגֵרְשָׁהּ בְּקַפּוֹטְקְיָא — נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת קַפּוֹטְקְיָא.

MISHNA: All may force their family to ascend to Eretz Yisrael, i.e., one may compel his family and household to immigrate to Eretz Yisrael, but all may not remove others from Eretz Yisrael, as one may not coerce one’s family to leave. Likewise, all may force their family to ascend to Jerusalem, and all may not, i.e., no one may, remove them from Jerusalem. Both men and women may force the other spouse to immigrate to Eretz Yisrael or to move to Jerusalem.

Source 8 · Chazal
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Talmud Bavli

Yoma 9b:15

Discusses the significance of the Land of Israel and the consequences of not valuing it, tying into the spiritual importance of residing there.

רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ הֲוֵי סָחֵי בְּיַרְדְּנָא אֲתָא רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה יְהַב לֵיהּ יְדָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֱלָהָא! סָנֵינָא לְכוּ — דִּכְתִיב: ״אִם חוֹמָה הִיא נִבְנֶה עָלֶיהָ טִירַת כָּסֶף וְאִם דֶּלֶת הִיא נָצוּר עָלֶיהָ לוּחַ אָרֶז״. אִם עֲשִׂיתֶם עַצְמְכֶם כְּחוֹמָה וַעֲלִיתֶם כּוּלְּכֶם בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא — נִמְשַׁלְתֶּם כְּכֶסֶף שֶׁאֵין רָקָב שׁוֹלֵט בּוֹ, עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁעֲלִיתֶם כִּדְלָתוֹת — נִמְשַׁלְתֶּם כְּאֶרֶז שֶׁהָרָקָב שׁוֹלֵט בּוֹ. מַאי אֶרֶז? אָמַר עוּלָּא: סַסְמָגוֹר. מַאי סַסְמָגוֹר? אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא: בַּת קוֹל. כִּדְתַנְיָא: מִשֶּׁמֵּתוּ נְבִיאִים הָאַחֲרוֹנִים חַגַּי זְכַרְיָה וּמַלְאָכִי נִסְתַּלְּקָה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, וַעֲדַיִין הָיוּ מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בְּבַת קוֹל.

Reish Lakish was swimming in the Jordan River when Rabba bar bar Ḥana came and gave him a hand to help him out. Reish Lakish said to him: My God! I hate you Babylonians, as it is written: “If she be a wall we will build a silver turret upon her, if she be a door we will cover her with boards of cedar” (Song of Songs 8:9). This is the meaning of the verse as it applies to the Jewish people: Had you rendered yourselves a solid bloc like a wall and all ascended to Eretz Yisrael in the days of Ezra, you would have been likened to silver, which rot does not infest, in the sense that you would have merited experiencing the Divine Presence in all its glory. Now that you ascended like doors, and only some of you came to Eretz Yisrael, you are likened to cedar, which rot infests, and you merit experiencing only partial revelation of the Divine Presence. The Gemara asks: What rot infests cedar? Ulla said: It is sasmagor, a type of worm. The Gemara asks: What does sasmagor have to do with the Divine Presence during the Second Temple era? Rabbi Abba said: Just as little remains from a cedar tree infested by this worm, similarly, all that remained from the Divine Presence during the Second Temple period was a Divine Voice, as it was taught in a baraita: After the last prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi died, the Divine Spirit of prophetic revelation departed from the Jewish people, and they were still utilizing a Divine Voice, which they heard as an echo of prophecy.

Source 9 · Chazal
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Living in Eretz Yisrael Equals All the Mitzvot

Sifrei Bamidbar 161:5

The Sifrei expounds that dwelling in Eretz Yisrael is equal in weight to all the mitzvot in the Torah combined, establishing the supreme religious value of living in the Land.

אשר אני שוכן בתוכה - חביבים ישראל, שאף על פי שהם טמאים שכינה ביניהם; שנאמר כי אני שוכן בתוכה, ואומר ולא יטמאו עוד את מחניהם, ולא תטמא הארץ. רבי נתן אומר: חביבים ישראל שבכל מקום שגלו שכינה עמהם: גלו למצרים שכינה עמהם, שנאמר (שמואל א ב) הנגלה נגליתי אל בית אביך בהיותם במצרים לבית פרעה; גלו לבבל שכינה עמהם, שנאמר (ישעיה מג) למענכם שולחתי בבלה; גלו לעילם שכינה עמהם, שנאמר (ירמיה מט) ושמתי כסאי בעילם והאבדתי משם מלך ושרים; גלו לאדום שכינה עמהם, שנאמר (ישעיה סג) מי זה בא מאדום חמוץ בגדים מבצרה. וכשהם חוזרים שכינה עמהם, שנאמר (דברים ל) ושב ה' את שבותך ורחמך. והשיב לא נאמר, אלא ושב ה' אלהיך. ואומר (שיר השירים ד) אתי מלבנון כלה אתי מלבנון תבואי תשורי מראש אמנה מראש שניר וחרמון ממעונות אריות ומהררי נמרים. ר' אומר: משל למה הדבר דומה? למלך שאמר לעבדיו, אם תבקשוני הריני אצל בני. כל זמן שאתה מבקשני הריני אצל בני. וכן הוא אומר (ויקרא טז) השוכן אתם בתוך טומאותם. ואומר (ויקרא טו) בטמאם את משכני אשר בתוכם. ואומר ולא יטמאו את מחניהם אשר אני שוכן בתוכם, ואומר (במדבר לה) ולא תטמאו את הארץ אשר אתם יושבים בה אשר אני שוכן בתוכה, כי אני ה' שוכן בתוך בני ישראל: סליק להו ספר במדבר סיני ברוך הגבר אשר יבטח באדני:

(Bamidbar 35:34) "in whose midst I dwell": Beloved are Israel, for even when they are tamei the Shechinah reposes among them — (Vayikra 16:16) "who dwells with them in the midst of their uncleanliness," and (Ibid. 15:31) "… when they defile My sanctuary which is in their midst," and (Bamidbar 5:3) "and they shall not make unclean their camps in whose midst I dwell." (Ibid. 35:34) "for I the L-rd dwell in the midst of the children of Israel." R. Nathan says: Beloved are Israel, for wherever they are exiled the Shechinah is with them. They were exiled to Egypt — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (I Samuel 2:27) "Did I not reveal Myself to the house of your father when they were in Egypt (enslaved to) the house of Pharaoh?" They were exiled to Bavel — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (Isaiah 43:14) "Because of you I was sent to Bavel." They were sent to Eilam — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (Jeremiah 49:38) "I placed My throne in Eilam, and banished from there king and officers." They were exiled to Edom — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (Isaiah 63:1) "Who is This, who comes from Edom, with sullied vestments, from Batzrah?" And when they return, the Shechinah will be with them, viz. (Devarim 30:3) "Then the L-rd your G-d will return with your captivity and He will have mercy upon you." It is not written "and He will return to you," but "and He will return with you!" And it is written (Song of Songs 4:8) "With Me from the Levanon, My bride — with Me from the Levanon shall you come. You will look from the top of Amanah, from the top of Senir and Chermon, from the dens of lions, from the mountains of leopards." Rebbi says: An analogy: A king says to his servant: Why do you search for me? I am with my son. Whenever you need me, I am with my son. "For I, the L-rd dwell in the midst of the children of Israel."

Source 10 · Chazal
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Avodah Zarah 8a

Avodah Zarah 8a:17

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּטָהֳרָה הֵן, כֵּיצַד? גּוֹי שֶׁעָשָׂה מִשְׁתֶּה לִבְנוֹ וְזִימֵּן כׇּל הַיְּהוּדִים שֶׁבְּעִירוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאוֹכְלִין מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן וְשׁוֹתִין מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן, וְשַׁמָּשׁ שֶׁלָּהֶן עוֹמֵד לִפְנֵיהֶם, מַעֲלֶה עֲלֵיהֶם הַכָּתוּב כְּאִילּוּ אָכְלוּ מִזִּבְחֵי מֵתִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְקָרָא לְךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ מִזִּבְחוֹ״.

It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yishmael says: Jews who are outside of Eretz Yisrael are considered to engage in idol worship in purity, i.e., unwittingly. How does this occur? In the case of a gentile who prepared a feast for the marriage of his son, and invited all of the Jews in his town, even though they eat of their own kosher food and drink of their own kosher beverages, and their own attendant stands before them, the verse ascribes guilt to them as though they ate of the offerings to the dead, i.e., idols, as it is stated: “And sacrifice to their gods, and they call you, and you eat of their sacrifice” (Exodus 34:15). Since Jews participate in a feast in which the gentile sacrifices offerings to his idol, it is as though they partook of the offering themselves.

Source 11 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah

Mishneh Torah, Kings and Wars 5:9-12:3

Rambam discusses the mitzvah of conquering and settling the Land of Israel as an eternal commandment binding the Jewish people.

אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל הַשּׁוֹכֵן בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲוֹנוֹתָיו מְחוּלִין. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לג כד) "וּבַל יֹאמַר שָׁכֵן חָלִיתִי הָעָם הַיּשֵׁב בָּהּ נְשֻׂא עָוֹן". אֲפִלּוּ הָלַךְ בָּהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת זוֹכֶה לְחַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. וְכֵן הַקָּבוּר בָּהּ נִתְכַּפֵּר לוֹ. וּכְאִלּוּ הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁהוּא בּוֹ מִזְבַּח כַּפָּרָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לב מג) "וְכִפֶּר אַדְמָתוֹ עַמּוֹ". וּבַפֻּרְעָנוּת הוּא אוֹמֵר (עמוס ז יז) "עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה תָּמוּת". וְאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה קוֹלַטְתּוֹ מֵחַיִּים לְקוֹלַטְתּוֹ אַחַר מוֹתוֹ. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן גְּדוֹלֵי הַחֲכָמִים הָיוּ מוֹלִיכִים מֵתֵיהֶם לְשָׁם. צֵא וּלְמַד מִיַּעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ וְיוֹסֵף הַצַּדִּיק: לְעוֹלָם יָדוּר אָדָם בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲפִלּוּ בְּעִיר שֶׁרֻבָּהּ עַכּוּ"ם וְאַל יָדוּר בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּעִיר שֶׁרֻבָּהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁכָּל הַיּוֹצֵא לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ כְּאִלּוּ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כו יט) "כִּי גֵרְשׁוּנִי הַיּוֹם מֵהִסְתַּפֵּחַ בְּנַחֲלַת ה' לֵאמֹר לֵךְ עֲבֹד אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים". וּבַפֻּרְעָנֻיּוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר (יחזקאל יג ט) "וְאֶל אַדְמַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יָבֹאוּ". כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאָסוּר לָצֵאת מֵהָאָרֶץ לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ כָּךְ אָסוּר לָצֵאת מִבָּבֶל לִשְׁאָר הָאֲרָצוֹת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה כז כב) "בָּבֶלָה יוּבָאוּ וְשָׁמָּה יִהְיוּ":

The Sages commented: 'Whoever dwells in Eretz Yisrael will have his sins forgiven as Isaiah 33:24 states: 'The inhabitant shall not say 'I am sick.' The people who dwell there shall be forgiven their sins.' Even one who walks four cubits there will merit the world to come and one who is buried there receives atonement as if the place in which he is buried is an altar of atonement as Deuteronomy 32:43 states: 'His land will atone for His people.' In contrast, the prophet, Amos [7:17, used the expression] 'You shall die in an impure land' as a prophecy of retribution. There is no comparison between the merit of a person who lives in Eretz Yisrael and ultimately, is buried there and one whose body is brought there after his death. Nevertheless, great Sages would bring their dead there. Take an example, from our Patriarch, Jacob, and Joseph, the righteous. At all times, a person should dwell in Eretz Yisrael even in a city whose population is primarily gentile, rather than dwell in the Diaspora, even in a city whose population is primarily Jewish. This applies because whoever leaves Eretz Yisrael for the Diaspora is considered as if he worships idols as I Samuel 26:19 states 'They have driven me out today from dwelling in the heritage of God, saying 'Go, serve other gods.' Similarly, Ezekiel's (13:9) prophecies of retribution state: 'They shall not come to the land of Israel.' Just as it is forbidden to leave the chosen land for the Diaspora, it is also forbidden to leave Babylon for other lands as Jeremiah 27:22 states: 'They shall be brought to Babylon and there they shall be until I take heed of them... and restore them to this place.'

Source 12 · Rishonim
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Ramban on Leviticus

Ramban's Commentary on the Torah Leviticus 18:25

Ramban underscores the importance of living in the Land of Israel as a commandment, emphasizing that it is a mitzvah in itself.

Source 13 · Rishonim
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Kuzari – The Unique Sanctity of Eretz Yisrael

Kuzari 2:14-24:10

Rav Yehuda HaLevi argues that Eretz Yisrael possesses unique spiritual properties that cannot be replicated elsewhere, and that the Jewish people can only achieve their fullest spiritual potential within the Land. He famously laments that longing for Zion remains mere words without the act of going there.

(כג) אָמַר הַכּוּזָרִי: אִם כֵּן אַתָּה מְקַצֵּר בְּחוֹבַת תּוֹרָתְךָ, שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה מֵשִׂים מְגַמָּתְךָ הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וּתְשִׂימֶנּוּ בֵּית חַיֶּיךָ וּמוֹתֶךָ, וְאַתָּה אוֹמֵר: "רַחֵם עַל צִיּוֹן כִּי הִיא בֵית חַיֵּינוּ", וְתַאֲמִין כִּי הַשְּׁכִינָה שָׁבָה אֵלָיו, וְאִלּוּ לֹא הָיָה לָהּ מַעֲלָה אֶלָּא הַתְמָדַת הַשְּׁכִינָה בָהּ בְּאֹרֶךְ תְּשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה הָיָה מִן הַדִּין שֶׁתִּכָּסַפְנָה הַנְּפָשׁוֹת הַיְקָרוֹת לָהּ וְתִזַּכְנָה בָהּ, כַּאֲשֶׁר יִקְרֶה אוֹתָנוּ בִמְקוֹמוֹת הַנְּבִיאִים וְהַחֲסִידִים, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן הִיא שֶׁהִיא שַׁעַר הַשָּׁמַיִם. וּכְבָר הִסְכִּימוּ כָל הָאֻמּוֹת עַל זֶה. הַנּוֹצְרִים אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁהַנְּפָשׁוֹת נִקְבָּצוֹת אֵלֶיהָ וּמִמֶּנָּה מַעֲלִין אוֹתָן אֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְהַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים אוֹמְרִים, כִּי הִיא מְקוֹם עֲלִיַּת הַנְּבִיאִים אֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְשֶׁהִיא מְקוֹם מַעֲמַד יוֹם הַדִּין, וְהוּא לְכָל מָקוֹם כַּוָּנָה וָחָג. אֲנִי רוֹאֶה, שֶׁהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָתְךָ וּכְרִיָעְתָך נֶגְדָּה חֹנֶף, אוֹ מִנְהָג מִבִּלְתִּי כַוָּנָה, וּכְבָר הָיוּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם הָרִאשׁוֹנִים בּוֹחֲרִים לָדוּר בָּהּ יוֹתֵר מִכָּל מְקוֹמוֹת מוֹלַדְתָּם, וּבוֹחֲרִים הַגֵּרוּת בָּהּ יוֹתֵר מִשֶּׁיִּהְיוּ אֶזְרָחִים בִּמְקוֹמוֹתָם. כָּל זֶה עִם שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בָעֵת הַהִיא נִרְאֵית הַשְּׁכִינָה בָהּ, אֲבָל הָיְתָה מְלֵאָה זִמָּה וַעֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, וְעִם כָּל זֶה לֹא הָיְתָה לָהֶם תַּאֲוָה אֶלָּא לַעֲמֹד בָּהּ, וְשֶׁלֹּא לָצֵאת מִמֶּנָּה ְּבִעּתֹות הָרָעָב אֶלָּא בְמִצְוַת הָאֱלֹהִים, וְהָיוּ מְבַקְשִׁים לִנְשֹׂא עַצְמוֹתָם אֵלֶיהָ. (כד) אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: הוֹבַשְׁתַּנִי מֶלֶךְ כּוּזָר, וְהֶעָוֹן הַזֶּה הוּא אֲשֶׁר מְנָעָנוּ מֵהַשְׁלָמַת מַה שֶּׁיְּעָדָנוּ בוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים בְּבַיִת שֵׁנִי, כְּמָה שֶׁאָמַר: "רָנִּי וְשִׂמְחִי בַּת־צִיּוֹן", כִּי כְבָר הָיָה הָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי מְזֻמָּן לָחוּל כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה אִלּוּ הָיוּ מַסְכִּימִים כֻּלָּם לָשׁוּב בְּנֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה, אֲבָל שָׁבוּ מִקְצָתָם וְנִשְׁאֲרוּ רֻבָּם וּגְדוֹלֵיהֶם בְּבָבֶל, רוֹצִים בַּגָּלוּת וּבָעֲבוֹדָה – שֶׁלֹּא יִפָּרְדוּ מִמִּשְׁכְּנוֹתֵיהֶם וְעִנְיָנֵיהֶם. וְשֶׁמָּא עַל זֶה אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה: "אֲנִי יְשֵׁנָה וְלִבִּי עֵר", כִּנָּה הַגָּלוּת בְּשֵׁנָה וְהַלֵּב הָעֵר הַתְמָדַת הַנְּבוּאָה בֵינֵיהֶם. "קוֹל דּוֹדִי דוֹפֵק", קְרִיאַת הָאֱלֹהִים לָשׁוּב. "שֶׁרֹאשִׁי נִמְלָא־טָל" עַל הַשְּׁכִינָה שֶׁיָּצְאָה מִצִּלְלֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וּמַה שֶּׁאָמַר: "פָּשַׁטְתִּי אֶת כֻּתָּנְתִּי", עַל עַצְלוּתָם לָשׁוּב. "דּוֹדִי שָׁלַח יָדוֹ מִן־הַחוֹר", עַל עֶזְרָא שֶׁהָיָה פוֹצֵר בָּהֶם וּנְחֶמְיָה וְהַנְּבִיאִים, עַד שֶׁהוֹדוּ קְצָתָם לָשׁוּב הוֹדָאָה בִלְתִּי גְמוּרָה, וְנָתַן לָהֶם כְּמַצְפּוּן לִבָּם, וּבָאוּ הָעִנְיָנִים מְקֻצָּרִים מִפְּנֵי קִצּוּרָם, כִּי הָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי אֵינֶנּוּ חָל עַל הָאִישׁ אֶלָּא כְּפִי הִזְדַּמְּנוּתוֹ לוֹ, אִם מְעַט – מְעָט וְאִם הַרְבֵּה – הַרְבֵּה. וְאִלּוּ הָיִינוּ מִזְדַּמְּנִים לִקְרַאת אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּלֵבָב שָׁלֵם וּבְנֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה, הָיִינוּ פוֹגְעִים מִמֶּנּוּ מַה שֶּׁפָּגְעוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם. וְאֵין דִּבּוּרֵנוּ: "הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְהַר קָדְשׁוֹ", וְ"הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְהֲדוֹם רַגְלָיו", וְ"הַמַּחֲזִיר שְׁכִינָתוֹ לְצִיּוֹן", וְזוּלַת זֶה, אֶלָּא כְצִפְצוּף הַזַּרְזִיר, שֶׁאֵין אֲנַחְנוּ חוֹשְׁבִים עַל מַה שֶּׁנֹאמַר בָּזֶה וְזוּלָתוֹ, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתָּ מֶלֶךְ כּוּזָר.

23. Al Khazari: If this be so, thou fallest short of the duty laid down in thy law, by not endeavouring to reach that place, and making it thy abode in life and death, although thou sayest: 'Have mercy on Zion, for it is the house of our life,' and believest that the Shekhinah will return thither. And had it no other preference than that the Shekhinah dwelt there five hundred years, this is sufficient reason for men's souls to retire thither and find purification there, as happens near the abodes of the pious and the prophets. Is it not 'the gate of heaven'? All nations agree on this point. Christians believe that the souls are gathered there and then lifted up to heaven. Islām teaches that it is the place of the ascent, and that prophets are caused to ascend from there to heaven, and, further, that it is the place of gathering on the day of Resurrection. Everybody turns to it in prayer and visits it in pilgrimage. Thy bowing and kneeling in the direction of it is either mere appearance or thoughtless worship. Yet your first forefathers chose it as an abode in preference to their birth-places, and lived there as strangers, rather than as citizens in their own country. This they did even at a time when the Shekhinah was yet visible, but the country was full of unchastity, impurity, and idolatry. Your fathers, however, had no other desire than to remain in it. Neither did they leave it in times of dearth and famine except by God's permission. Finally, they directed their bones to be buried there. 24. The Rabbi: This is a severe reproach, O king of the Khazars. It is the sin which kept the divine promise with regard to the second Temple, viz.: Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion' (Zachariah 2:14), from being fulfilled. Divine Providence was ready to restore everything as it had been at first, if they had all willingly consented to return. But only a part was ready to do so, whilst the majority and the aristocracy remained in Babylon, preferring dependence and slavery, and unwilling to leave their houses and their affairs. An allusion to them might be found in the enigmatic words of Solomon: I sleep, but my heart waketh (Song of Songs 5:2-4). He designates the exile by sleep, and the continuance of prophecy among them by the wakefulness of the heart. 'It is the voice of my beloved that knocketh' means God's call to return; 'My head is filled with dew' alludes to the Shekhinah which emerged from the shadow of the Temple. The words: 'I have put off my coat,' refer to the people's slothfulness in consenting to return. The sentence: 'My beloved stretcheth forth his hand through the opening' may be interpreted as the urgent call of Ezra, Nehemiah, and the Prophets, until a portion of the people grudgingly responded to their invitation. In accordance with their mean mind they did not receive full measure. Divine Providence only gives man as much as he is prepared to receive; if his receptive capacity be small, he obtains little, and much if it be great. Were we prepared to meet the God of our forefathers with a pure mind, we should find the same salvation as our fathers did in Egypt. If we say: 'Worship his holy hill--worship at His footstool--He who restoreth His glory to Zion' (Psalms 99:9, Psalsm 99:5), and other words, this is but as the chattering of the starling and the nightingale. We do not realise what we say by this sentence, nor others, as thou rightly observest, O Prince of the Khazars.

Source 14 · Rishonim
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Ibn Ezra on Genesis 28:22

Ibn Ezra on Genesis 28:22

מקום קבוע לתפלתי ולהוציא שם מעשר מכל אשר תתן לי ממון לתתו למי שהוא ראוי לקחתו לכבוד ד', ולהיות לוי עשירי דרך דרש כי אין בתורה שיתן האדם מעשר בניו רק מעשר בקר וצאן ותבואה:

The only tithes that we find in the Pentateuch are cattle, sheep and produce.

Source 15 · Rishonim
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Rashi on Genesis 45:9

Rashi on Genesis 45:9

ועלו אל אבי. אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל גְּבוֹהָה מִכָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת:

ועלו אל אבי AND GO UP TO MY FATHER — he said “go up” because the land of Israel is situated higher than all the neighbouring countries (Kiddushin 69a).

Source 16 · Rishonim
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Chovot HaLevavot – Trusting God in One's Journey

Duties of the Heart, Fourth Treatise on Trust 1:1

Rabbeinu Bachya teaches that a person who truly trusts in God need not fear leaving behind worldly security to fulfill Divine purpose — a principle applied to the spiritual courage required for Aliyah.

אַךְ מַהוּת הַבִּטָּחוֹן הִיא מְנוּחַת נֶפֶשׁ הַבּוֹטֵחַ וְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִבּוֹ סָמוּךְ עַל מִי שֶׁבָּטַח עָלָיו שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה הַטּוֹב וְהַנָּכוֹן לוֹ בָּעִנְיָן אֲשֶׁר יִבְטַח עָלָיו כְּפִי יְכָלְתּוֹ וְדַעְתּוֹ בְּמָה שֶׁמֵּפִיק טוֹבָתוֹ. אֲבָל הָעִקָּר אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲבוּרוֹ יִהְיֶה הַבִּטָּחוֹן מִן הַבּוֹטֵחַ וְאִם יִפָּקֵד לֹא יִמָּצֵא הַבִּטָּחוֹן הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִבּוֹ בָּטוּחַ בְּמִי שֶׁיִּבְטַח בּוֹ שֶׁיְּקַיֵּם מָה שֶׁאָמַר וְיַעֲשֶׂה מָה שֶׁעָרַב וְיַחְשֹׁב עָלָיו הַטּוֹב בְּמָה שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנָה לוֹ וְלֹא עָרַב עֲשֹׂהוּ שֶׁיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ נְדָבָה וָחֶסֶד.

Trust is peace of mind of the one who trusts. That one relies in his heart that the one he trusts in will do what is good and proper for him on the matter he has trusted him with, according to his ability and his understanding of what will further his good. But the main factor, which leads one to trust in the one trusted, and without which trust cannot exist, is for one's heart to be confident that the one trusted will keep his word and will do what he pledged, and that he will also think to do what is good for him even on what he did not pledge out of pure generosity and kindness (this will be explained).

Source 17 · Rishonim
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Ramban – Eretz Yisrael as the Core of Torah Observance

Ramban on Torah Genesis 17:8

Ramban in his commentary emphasizes that all the mitzvot are principally fulfilled in Eretz Yisrael, and that dwelling outside the Land is considered a secondary practice. He regards living in Israel as a positive biblical commandment.

Source 18 · Acharonim
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Shulchan Arukh

Shulchan Arukh, Even HaEzer 75:3-5:1

Presents the legal aspects of the mitzvah of living in the Land of Israel, including obligations and the permissibility to compel a spouse to move there.

בד"א מח"ל לח"ל או מא"י לא"י אבל מח"ל לא"י כופין אותה לעלות אפילו מנוה יפה לנוה הרע ואפי' ממקום שרובו ישראל למקום שרובו כותים ואין מוציאין מא"י לח"ל ואפי' מנוה הרע לנוה הטוב ואפי' ממקום שרובו כותים למקום שרובו ישראל: אמר האיש לעלות לא"י והיא אינה רוצה תצא בלא כתובה: הגה אבל נכסי מלוג שלה ונצ"ב הקיימי' נוטלת ואם אינם קיימים אם הוא הפסידן נצ"ב א"צ לשלם ונ"מ צריך לשלם ואם נגנבו או נאבדו נ"מ לית לה ונצ"ב צריך לשלם (במרדכי סוף כתובות בשם מוהר"ם) והא דכתובה אין לה דוקא שנשאר בא"י אבל אם הוא חוזר לסוף כמה שנים להתיישב בח"ל צריך לשלם לה או ליורשיה אף הכתובה (ג"ז שם): אמרה היא לעלות והוא אינו רוצה יוציא ויתן כתובה וה"ה לכל מקום מא"י לירושלים שהכל מעלין לא"י ואין הכל מוציאין משם הכל מעלין לירושלים ואין הכל מוציאין משם:

What is this talking about? When going from outside the land to outside the land, or from the land of Israel to the land of Israel. But from outside the land to the land of Israel, they force her to go up even if it is from a nice lodging to poor lodgings, even if it is to a place that has mostly Jews to a place that has mostly non-Jews. They do not take her from the land of Israel to outside the land even if it is from poor lodgings to nice lodgings and even if it is from a place that has mostly non-Jews to a place that has mostly Jews. If he proposes to ascend to Eretz Yisrael and she does not want to, he must divorce her without her dower. Rem"a: But she keeps her milog assets, and takes extant tzon barzel assets; if they are no longer extant, then if he ruined them, he need not repay the tzon barzel assets, but must pay the milog assets. If they were stolen or lost, she has no claim on the milog assets, but he must repay the tzon barzel assets (Mordechai at the end of Ketubot, citing Maharam). Her forfeiture of the dower applies only as long ashe remains in Eretz Yisrael. However, if he returns to settle in the Diaspora after a a few years, he must pay the dower to her or her inheritors (ibid.). If she proposes ascending [to Eretz Yisrael] and he does not want to, he must divorce her and give her dower. The same applies for anyplace in Eretz Yisrael to Jerusalem. Anyone may initiate ascent to Eretz Yisrael, and no one may compel departure; anyone may initiate ascent to Jerusalem, and no one may compel departure.

Source 19 · Acharonim
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Chatam Sofer Responsa

Chatam Sofer Responsa, Yoreh Deah 234

The Chatam Sofer emphasizes the mitzvah of living in the Land of Israel as still applicable and discusses its centrality to Jewish life.

Source 20 · Acharonim
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Ohr HaChaim

Ohr HaChaim Genesis 28:15

Ohr HaChaim interprets the promise made to Jacob regarding the land as applicable to all descendants, urging Jews to strive towards living in Israel.

Source 21 · Acharonim
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Kli Yakar on Deuteronomy 11:21

Kli Yakar on Deuteronomy 11:21

לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה. בְּמַסֶּכֶת בְּרָכוֹת (ח) אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אִיכָּא סָבֵי בְּבָבֶל. תָּמַהּ, וְהַכְּתִיב: ״לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה״, מַשְׁמַע אֲבָל בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לֹא. אָמְרֵי לֵיהּ: הֵם מַקְדִּימִין וּמַחְשִׁיכִין לְבֵי כְּנִשְׁתָּא. אָמַר: הַיְינוּ דְּאַהֲנֵי לְהוּ. וְקָשֶׁה עַל תֵּרוּץ זֶה כִּי עֲדַיִן הַקֻּשְׁיָה בִּמְקוֹמָהּ עוֹמֶדֶת, שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּפָסוּק זֶה אָמַר סְתָם ״עַל הָאֲדָמָה״ בִּלְתִּי שׁוּם חֲלוּקָּה, וּמֵהֵיכָן לָמַד לוֹמַר שֶׁפָּסוּק זֶה מְדַבֵּר דַּוְקָא בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָן הוֹלְכִים לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, לוֹמַר שֶׁאָז דַּוְקָא מְמֹעָט. וְנִרְאֶה לִי עַל דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (מגילה כט.) שֶׁעֲתִידִין בָּתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת וּבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ שֶׁיִּקָּבְעוּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כוּ׳, וְאִם כֵּן הָאֲדָמָה שֶׁבְּכָל בָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת שֶׁל חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ זוֹ הִיא הָאֲדָמָה שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֶעָתִיד יִקְבַּע ה׳ הַבָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת הַבִּנְיָן וְהַקַּרְקַע מִכָּל וָכֹל אֶל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאִם כֵּן וַדַּאי הָאֲדָמָה הַהִיא אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הִיא וְחֵלֶק מִן אַדְמַת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְהַמַּשְׁכִּים וְהַמַּעֲרִיב בְּכָל יוֹם לְבָתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת דּוֹמֶה כְּאִלּוּ בְּכָל יוֹם הוּא עוֹמֵד עַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע ה׳ לַאֲבוֹתָם, וּמְקֻיָּם בּוֹ יִעוּד ״לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע ה׳ לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶם לָתֵת לָהֶם״, ״לָכֶם״ לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא ״לָהֶם״, פֵּרֵשׁ רַשִׁ״י, מִכָּאן לִתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וּמַה עִנְיָן זֶה לְכָאן? אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁבַּזְּמַן הַהוּא דַּוְקָא יִקָּבְעוּ הַבָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְיָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת שֶׁזֶּה מוּסָב עַל תְּחִלַּת הַפָּרָשָׁה, שֶׁאָמַר: ״וּלְעָבְדוֹ בְּכָל לְבַבְכֶם״ זוֹ תְּפִלָּה, כְּפֵרוּשׁ רַשִׁ״י, וּמִדְּקָאָמַר ״בְּכָל לְבַבְכֶם״ שְׁמַע מִנַּהּ שֶׁמְּדַבֵּר שֶׁרַבִּים מִתְקַבְּצִים לְבָתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת לְהִתְפַּלֵּל, וְעַל זֶה יִעֵד הַשָּׂכָר ״לְמַעַן יִרְבּוּ יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם עַל הָאֲדָמָה״.

In order that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied upon the land. In Tractate Berakhot (8), they said to Rabbi Yochanan, “There are elderly people in Babylon.” He was astonished and responded, “But it is written, In order that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied upon the land, implying that in lands outside of Israel, this is not the case.” They told him, “They rise early and stay late in the synagogue.” He said, “That is what has benefited them.” However, this answer is difficult because the original question still remains, since this verse simply states upon the land without any distinction. From where did he learn to say that this verse specifically refers to times when they do not go to the synagogue, to say that only then is the blessing diminished? And it seems to me, according to what our Sages of blessed memory said (Megillah 29a) that in the future, synagogues and houses of study in the Diaspora will be affixed in the Land of Israel, etc. And if so, the ground on which all synagogues outside the Land of Israel stand is actually the ground of the Land of Israel, because in the future, God will affix these synagogues — both the buildings and the land in their entirety — in the Land of Israel. Therefore, certainly that ground is holy ground and a part of the Land of Israel. And one who arrives early and stays late every day in synagogues is like one who stands every day on the ground which God swore to their forefathers. And thus is fulfilled the promise that your days and the days of your children may be prolonged upon the land which the Lord swore to your forefathers to give to them. It does not say “to you” but rather to them. Rashi explains this as evidence for the resurrection of the dead from the Torah. But what is the relevance of this here? Rather, it is because specifically at that time the synagogues of the Diaspora will be affixed in the Land of Israel. And it could be that this refers back to the beginning of the section, which states, And to serve Him with all your heart — this refers to prayer, as Rashi explains. And from the fact that it says with all your heart, we can learn that it speaks of many people gathering in synagogues to pray, and for this the reward is promised: that your days and the days of your children may be prolonged upon the land.

Source 22 · Acharonim
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Kli Yakar on Genesis 12:1

Kli Yakar on Genesis 12:1

נוֹסָף עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינֵי קֻרְבָה אֵלּוּ, יֵשׁ קֻרְבָה רְבִיעִית, כִּי אָדָם קָרוֹב אֵצֶל עַצְמוֹ יוֹתֵר מִכָּל שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינֵי קְרוֹבִים אֵלּוּ. עַל כֵּן נֶאֱמַר ״לֶךְ לְךָ״ – לְעַצְמוּתְךָ, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְאָדָם שֶׁיֵּלֵךְ לַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם. וּלְמַעְלָה פָּרָשַׁת בְּרֵאשִׁית (בראשית ג:כג) פֵּרַשְׁתִּי שֶׁקָּאֵי עַל הַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה, כִּי אָדָם מִמְּקוֹם כַּפָּרָתוֹ נִבְרָא, וּמְקוֹרוֹ מֵהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה, כִּי מִשָּׁם לֻקַּח עֲפָרוֹ. וְדֶרֶךְ הַסֻּלָּם שֶׁבְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁלְּמַטָּה, מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה, עוֹלִים וְיוֹרְדִים בּוֹ הַנְּשָׁמוֹת הַטְּהוֹרוֹת. אִם כֵּן, שָׁם עַצְמוּת הַגּוּף, וְשָׁם חֶבְיוֹן עֻזָּהּ שֶׁל הַנְּשָׁמָה. וְאִם כֵּן, אָדָם קָרוֹב אֵצֶל עַצְמוּתוֹ בְּיוֹתֵר מִכָּל מִינֵי קְרוֹבִים שֶׁהִזְכִּיר, עַל כֵּן נֶאֱמַר ״לֶךְ לְךָ״. וְכֵן נֶאֱמַר לָשׁוֹן זֶה בָּעֲקֵדָה (בראשית כב:ב) ״וְלֶךְ לְךָ אֶל אֶרֶץ הַמֹּרִיָּה״ וְגוֹ׳. וּבִשְׁנֵיהֶם לֹא גִּלָּה לוֹ הַמָּקוֹם מִיָּד, כִּי כָּאן נֶאֱמַר ״אֲשֶׁר אַרְאֶךָּ״, וּבָעֲקֵדָה נֶאֱמַר ״אֲשֶׁר אֹמַר אֵלֶיךָ״. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא רָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְגַלּוֹת לְאַבְרָם מְקוֹם מוֹצָא הַגּוּף וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ, עַד אֲשֶׁר יַעֲרֶה עָלָיו מִמָּרוֹם רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ תְּחִלָּה. כִּי מֵהַיָּדוּעַ (תנחומא בא ה) שֶׁאֵין הַנְּבוּאָה שׁוֹרָה בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ. וְאִם כֵּן, כָּל זְמַן הֱיוֹתוֹ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, עַד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בּוֹ רוּחַ נְבוּאָה, לֹא יֵדַע וְלֹא יָבִין מַהוּת הַנְּשָׁמָה אֲשֶׁר מְקוֹרָהּ מֵהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה, וַאֲפִלּוּ מַהוּת יְצִירַת הַחֹמֶר מִשָּׁם לֹא יָבִין, עַד בּוֹאוֹ אֶל תּוֹךְ הָאָרֶץ הַקְּדוֹשָׁה, מָקוֹם מוּכָן אֶל הַנְּבוּאָה. אָז הֶרְאָה לוֹ הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ מַעֲלוֹת הַמָּקוֹם הַקָּדוֹשׁ הַהוּא, וְאֵיךְ הוּא מָקוֹם לְעַצְמוּתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, כִּי שָׁם בֵּיתוֹ וּמְקוֹם חָצְבָהּ שֶׁל הַנְּשָׁמָה, וּמַחְצַב הַחֹמֶר, אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲבוּרוֹ רָאוּי לוֹ לַעֲזֹב כָּל אֵלּוּ וְלֵילֵךְ לְהִדָּבֵק בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ הַהוּא, כִּי שָׁם יַגִּיעַ אֶל דְּבֵקוּת הַשְּׁכִינָה. וְזֶה שֶׁפֵּרֵשׁ רַשִׁ״י ״הָלוֹךְ וְנָסֹעַ הַנֶּגְבָּה״ – לֵילֵךְ לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה. וּמִטַּעַם זֶה לֹא נֶאֱמַר בִּתְחִלַּת מַרְאָה זוֹ ״וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו ה׳״. כִּי אִם עַד אַחַר שֶׁנִּכְנַס בָּאָרֶץ, כִּי אָז הָיָה מוּכָן לִרְאוֹת בְּמַרְאוֹת הַשְּׁכִינָה. אֲבָל קֹדֶם זֶה, שֶׁהָיָה עֲדַיִן בְּחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, לֹא הָיָה שׁוֹמֵעַ כִּי אִם קוֹל דְּבָרִים, כִּי לֹא נִרְאָה אֵלָיו ה׳ עֲדַיִן עַד בּוֹאוֹ לָאָרֶץ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּסָמוּךְ. וְעַל כֵּן קָרָא לַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא ״סוּלָמָא דְּצוֹר״, כִּדְאִיתָא בַּיַּלְקוּט פָּרָשָׁה זוֹ (יב א): ״כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ אַבְרָהָם לְסוּלָמָא דְּצוֹר, אָמַר: ׳יְהֵא חֶלְקִי בְּאֶרֶץ הַזֹּאת׳״. מִי הִגִּיד לְבַעַל הַמִּדְרָשׁ שֶׁהִגִּיעַ אַבְרָהָם לְסוּלָמָא דְּצוֹר? וַדַּאי כַּוָּנָתוֹ עַל הַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה, כִּי שָׁם מְקוֹם הַסֻּלָּם אֲשֶׁר רָאָה יַעֲקֹב עוֹמֵד בְּבֵית אֵל, וְדֶרֶךְ אוֹתוֹ סֻלָּם עוֹלִים וְיוֹרְדִים הַנְּשָׁמוֹת, וְשָׁם צוּר חָצְבוֹ שֶׁל הַגּוּף, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (ישעיה נא א): ״הַבִּיטוּ אֶל צוּר חֻצַּבְתֶּם״. כִּי מֵאוֹתוֹ צוּר שֶׁנִּקְרָא אֶבֶן שְׁתִיָּה הוּשְׁתַּת הָעוֹלָם הַכְּלָלִי, גַּם הָאָדָם שֶׁנִּקְרָא עוֹלָם קָטָן נוֹצַר מִמְּקוֹם אוֹתוֹ צוּר, אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ מְקוֹם הַסֻּלָּם גַּם לַנְּשָׁמָה כָּאָמוּר. וּמִטַּעַם זֶה נֶאֱמַר ״לֶךְ לְךָ״ כָּאן, וּבָעֲקֵדָה, וְכֵן בְּפָסוּק ״אֵלֶךְ לִּי אֶל הַר הַמּוֹר״, וְכֵן ״הַגֶּשֶׁם חָלַף הָלַךְ לוֹ״ – הָלַךְ לִמְקוֹם מְקוֹרוֹ, כִּי ״אֵד יַעֲלֶה מִן הָאָרֶץ״. וְכֵן (דברים ב יג): ״קוּמוּ וְעִבְרוּ לָכֶם אֶת נַחַל זָרֶד״ – הַיְינוּ גַּם כֵּן לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְכֵן (ירמיה ה ה): ״אֵלֲכָה לִּי אֶל הַגְּדוֹלִים״ – כִּי שָׁם דִּירַת הַשְּׁלֵמִים. וְכֵן כָּל ״לִי״ וְ״לוֹ״ וּ״לְךָ״ וְ״לָהֶם״ שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא פֵּרֵשׁ עַל דֶּרֶךְ זֶה. וְהֵבִין אַבְרָהָם מִמִּלַּת ״לֶךְ לְךָ״ לָלֶכֶת לְאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר לְאֵיזֶה אֶרֶץ יֵלֵךְ.

Beyond these three types of closeness, there is a fourth type of closeness, for a person is closer to their own essence than to all these three types of relatives. Therefore, it says lech lecha [go to yourself] — to your essence, just as it was said to Adam to work the ground from which he was taken. And earlier in the book of Genesis (3:23), I explained that this refers to Mount Moriah, because Adam was created from the place of his atonement, and his origin is from Mount Moriah, as his dust was taken from there. And through the ladder in the lower Temple, which is aligned with the upper Temple, pure souls ascend and descend. Therefore, there lies the essence of the body, and there is the hidden strength of the soul. Thus, a person is closest to their own essence more than all types of relatives mentioned, therefore it says lech lecha. The same expression is used regarding the Binding of Isaac (Genesis 22:2), And go for yourself to the land of Moriah. In both instances, the location was not immediately revealed to him, as here it says which I will show you, and in the Binding it says which I will tell you. This is because the Holy One, Blessed be He, did not want to reveal to Abraham the place of origin of body and soul until His holy spirit would first be poured upon him from above. For it is known (Tanchuma Bo 5) that prophecy does not rest outside the Land of Israel, and therefore as long as he was outside the Land, until he had the spirit of prophecy, he could not know or understand the essence of the soul whose source is from Mount Moriah, and even the nature of physical creation from there, he could not understand. Only upon entering the Holy Land, a place suited for prophecy, did the Holy One, Blessed be He, show him the virtues of that holy place and how it is the place of man’s essence, for there is his home and the source from which the soul is hewn, and the quarry of matter. For this reason, it was proper for him to leave all these and go to cleave to that holy place, for there he would achieve attachment to the Divine Presence. And this is what Rashi explained about journeying toward the Negev — to go to the south of Jerusalem and Mount Moriah. For this reason, the phrase “And God appeared to him” is not mentioned at the beginning of this vision. Rather, it only appears after he entered the land [of Israel], for then he was ready to see divine visions. But before this, while he was still outside the Land [of Israel], he only heard the voice of words, for God had not yet appeared to him until he came to the Land, as will be explained shortly. Therefore, he called that place “Sulama of Tzur” [the ladder of the rock], as it appears in the Yalkut on this portion: “When Abraham reached Sulama of Tzur, he said ‘Let my portion be in this land.’” How did the author of the Midrash know that Abraham reached Sulama of Tzur? Certainly, his intention refers to Mount Moriah, for that is the location of the ladder that Jacob saw standing in Beth El, and through that ladder souls ascend and descend, and there is the rock from which the body is hewn, as it is written Look to the rock from which you were hewn (Isaiah 51:1). For from that rock, which is called the Foundation Stone [Even Shetiyah], the general world was founded, and also man, who is called a small world, was formed from the place of that rock, where the ladder for the soul is also located, as mentioned. And for this reason, the phrase “lech lecha” is used here, and in the story of the Binding [of Isaac], and similarly in the verse I will go for myself to the mountain of myrrh, and the rain is over and gone for itself — it has gone to its source, for mist rises from the earth. And similarly Rise up and cross over the brook for yourselves (Deuteronomy 2:13) — this also refers to the Land of Israel. And likewise I will go for myself to the great ones (Jeremiah 5:5) — for there is the dwelling of the complete ones. And so too, all instances of “li” [for/to me], “lo” [for/to him], “lecha” [for/to you], and “lahem” [for/to them] in Scripture are explained in this way, and Abraham understood from the words lech lecha to go to the land of Canaan, even though he was not told which land to go to.

Source 23 · Acharonim
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Alshekh on Torah, Genesis 15:2

Alshekh on Torah, Genesis 15:2

וא' באו' אליעזר והוא כי הנה בזה הובדלו זרע אבותינו מעמי הארצות כי זרע האבותיהם ישראל אפי' בהיותם בח"ל הם מתייחסים אחר א"י ככתוב אצלנו על פ' (תהלים פ"ז) אזכיר רהב ובבל כו' שישראל תמיד יאמר אליהם זה יולד בציון. וכן כתבנו על לך לך מארצך כו' שאמר לו הקב"ה לאברהם שורש נפשך בא"י. לך לעצמך ולשורשך משא"כ זרע א"ה שאפי בהיותם בא"י מתייחסים אחר ח"ל.

Source 24 · Hasidic
External

Likkutei Moharan

Likutei Moharan, Torah 35

Rebbe Nachman of Breslov discusses the idea that reaching the Land of Israel is a profound spiritual journey, essential for personal and communal redemption.

Source 25 · Hasidic
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Toldot Yaakov Yosef – Departing the Familiar for the Sacred

Toldot Yaakov Yosef, Lech Lecha

The Toldot Yaakov Yosef discusses how Avraham's willingness to leave his land, birthplace, and father's house reflects the courage and self-nullification required to attach oneself to holiness — a model for every Jew's spiritual and physical ascent to Eretz Yisrael.

ויאמר ה' אל אברם לך לך מארצך וממולדתך ומבית אביך אל הארץ אשר אראך ואעשך לגוי גדול וגו' (יב, א-ב). ובזה יובן, לך לך מארצך מהמדינה, ולישב בבית מולדתך, וכשתראה שאינן מניחין אותך להתנהג בדרך הישר, התרחק עוד ממולדתך ג"כ ולהתבודד בבית אביך, ואם אינך יכול לעבוד ה' בהיותך עמם, התרחק עוד מבית אביך ג"כ אל הארץ אשר אראך, בכל המקום אשר אזכיר את שמי (שמות כ, כא), שיהי' גילוי שכינה, שהיא הארץ אשר אראך, וק"ל.

Source 26 · Hasidic
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Noam Elimelech – The Inner Journey of Aliyah

Noam Elimelekh, Sefer Bereshit, Lech Lecha

Reb Elimelech of Lizhensk interprets 'Lech Lecha' as a call to inner transformation — 'go into yourself' — reading the command to go to the Land as also a command to elevate one's soul. The physical Aliyah mirrors the spiritual one.

וזהו פירוש הפסוק "לך לך מארצך", פירוש "לך לך", ר"ל לשורשך העליון אשר משם חוצבת, "מארצך", פירוש ועיקר התחלה שתוכל לבוא לשורש העליון הוא ההכנעה, שתחשוב את שפלותך כי עפר אתה כו׳, "וממולדתך ומבית אביך", פירוש גם ממולדתך כו׳, אם תכניס הכל במחשבת רוממות אל יתברך, עי"ז תזכה שתוכל לבוא "אל הארץ אשר אראך" דהיינו לארץ עליונה. וזהו "אשריכם זורעי על כל מים", כי יש מים עליונים ומים תחתונים והם נקראים 'מים הזדונים', וגם נקראים 'מים רבים', וזהו פירוש "מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את האהבה", וצריך האדם לעבוד מתתא לעילא, להעלות המים התחתונים הנקראים 'מים בוכים' שהם מסיטרא דקליפה, להעלות אל הקדושה, ורמז 'ברוך כבוד ה׳ ממקומו' ר"ת בכים.

And a person needs to break into their choice so as to use their traits only to holiness, and then they will merit to understand and observe the greatness of God. And the Exalted Holy Blessed Name opens for that person the springs of wisdom, to conceive and comprehend in every instance with the one's higher understanding, more and more, what one's mind eyes have never seen.

Source 27 · Modern
Verified

Orot

Orot, Lights from Darkness, Land of Israel 1

Rav Kook elaborates on the spiritual significance of living in the Land of Israel and views Aliyah as part of the messianic process.

אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא חֲטִיבָה עַצְמוּתִית קְשׁוּרָה בְּקֶשֶׁר חַיִּים עִם הָאֻמָּה, חֲבוּקָה בִּסְגֻלוֹת פְּנִימִיּוֹת עִם מְצִיאוּתָהּ. ומתוך כך אי אפשר לעמוד על התוכן של סגולת קדושת ארץ ישראל, ולהוציא לפועל את עומק חבתה, בשום השכלה רציונלית אנושית כי אם ברוח ד' אשר על האומה בכללה, בהטבעה הטבעית הרוחנית אשר בנשמת ישראל, שהיא ששולחת את קויה בצבעים טבעיים בכל הארחות של ההרגשה הבריאה, ומזרחת היא את זריחתה העליונה על פי אותה המדה של רוח הקדושה העליונה, הממלאת חיים ונעם עליון את לבב קדושי הרעיון ועמוקי המחשבה הישראלית.

The land of Israel is not an external thing, an external national acquisition, a means to the goal of general unity and strengthening of the physical or even spiritual. The land of Israel is an intrinsic section of the nation, attached to it with a living bond, entwined with its existence in internal uniqueness.