Refael in Biblical and Jewish Tradition

בְּנֵ֣י שְׁמַֽעְיָ֗ה עׇ֠תְנִ֠י וּרְפָאֵ֨ל וְעוֹבֵ֧ד אֶלְזָבָ֛ד אֶחָ֖יו בְּנֵי־חָ֑יִל אֱלִיה֖וּ וּסְמַכְיָֽהוּ׃

The sons of Shemaiah: Othni, Rephael, Obed, Elzabad—his brothers, men of ability, were Elihu and Semachiah.

לְמַטֵּ֥ה אֶפְרָ֖יִם הוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃

From the tribe of Ephraim, Hosea son of Nun.

וּלְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אָשֵׁ֖ר נָשִׂ֑יא אֲחִיה֖וּד בֶּן־שְׁלֹמִֽי׃

From the Asherite tribe: a chieftain, Ahihud son of Shelomi.

בַּמֶּה הִכָּם? רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: בַּיָּד הִכָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיַּרְא יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַיָּד הַגְּדֹלָה״. הַיָּד שֶׁעֲתִידָה לִיפָּרַע מִסַּנְחֵרִיב. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: בְּאֶצְבַּע הִכָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיֹּאמְרוּ הַחַרְטֻמִּים אֶל פַּרְעֹה אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים הִיא״. הִיא אֶצְבַּע שֶׁעֲתִידָה לִיפָּרַע מִסַּנְחֵרִיב. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְגַבְרִיאֵל: מַגָּלְךָ נְטוּשָׁה? אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, נְטוּשָׁה וְעוֹמֶדֶת מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְּרֵאשִׁית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״[מִפְּנֵי חֶרֶב נְטוּשָׁה מִפְּנֵי קֶשֶׁת דְּרוּכָה מִפְּנֵי כּוֹבֶד מִלְחָמָה] (וְגוֹ)״. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי אוֹמֵר: אוֹתוֹ הַפֶּרֶק זְמַן בִּישּׁוּל פֵּירוֹת הָיָה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְגַבְרִיאֵל: כְּשֶׁאַתָּה יוֹצֵא לְבַשֵּׁל פֵּירוֹת, הִזָּקֵק לָהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״מִדֵּי עׇבְרוֹ יִקַּח אֶתְכֶם כִּי בַבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר יַעֲבֹר בַּיּוֹם וּבַלָּיְלָה וְהָיָה רַק זְוָעָה הָבִין שְׁמוּעָה וְגוֹ׳״. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: הַיְינוּ דְּאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי, אַגַּב אוֹרְחָךְ, לִבְעֵל דְּבָבָךְ אִישְׁתְּמַע. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: בְּחוֹטְמָן נָשַׁף בָּהֶן וָמֵתוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְגַם נָשַׁף בָּהֶם וַיִּבָשׁוּ״. רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר: כַּפַּיִים סָפַק לָהֶם וָמֵתוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְגַם אֲנִי אַכֶּה כַפִּי אֶל כַּפִּי וַהֲנִחֹתִי חֲמָתִי״. רַבִּי יִצְחָק נַפָּחָא אָמַר: אׇזְנַיִם גָּלָה לָהֶם וְשָׁמְעוּ שִׁירָה מִפִּי חַיּוֹת וָמֵתוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״מֵרוֹמְמֻתֶךָ נָפְצוּ גּוֹיִם״.

The Gemara asks: With what did the angel strike them? Rabbi Eliezer says: He struck them by hand, as it is stated: “And Israel saw the great hand” (Exodus 14:31), where the term for hand, yad, is preceded by the definite article ha, indicating that this was the hand that was destined to exact retribution from Sennacherib. Rabbi Yehoshua says: He struck them with His finger, as it is stated: “And the sorcerers said to Pharaoh: This is the finger of God” (Exodus 8:15), indicating that it is the finger that was destined to exact retribution from Sennacherib. Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, says that the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Gabriel: Is your scythe honed? Gabriel said before Him: Master of the Universe, it is standing honed from the six days of Creation, as it is stated: “For they have fled from the swords, from the honed sword” (Isaiah 21:15). Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: That period was the season of the ripening of the fruit. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Gabriel: When you emerge to ripen the fruits, attend to the army of Assyria and destroy them, as it is stated: “As often as it passes through, it shall take you; for morning by morning shall it pass through, by day and by night; and the mere understanding of the report shall bring terror” (Isaiah 28:19), indicating that Gabriel was to kill them while engaged in another activity. Rav Pappa says that this is in accordance with the adage that people say: While on your path, appear before your enemy and afflict him. And there are those who say: The angel blew into the soldiers of the Assyrian army through their noses and they died, as it is stated: “When he blows upon them, and they wither” (Isaiah 40:24). Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba says: The angel clapped his hands to them and they died, as it is stated: “I will also strike My hands together and I will assuage My anger” (Ezekiel 21:22). Rabbi Yitzḥak Nappaḥa says: He revealed ears for them and they were able to hear the songs of praise from the mouths of the celestial creatures drawing the chariot of God, and they died, as it is stated: “From Your exaltation the nations were scattered” (Isaiah 33:3), indicating that their death was caused by the revelation of God’s greatness.

וְעוֹד, תַּנְיָא: שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ — הָרַב בָּאֶמְצַע, גָּדוֹל בִּימִינוֹ, וְקָטָן מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ. וְכֵן מָצִינוּ בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת שֶׁבָּאוּ אֵצֶל אַבְרָהָם, מִיכָאֵל בָּאֶמְצַע, גַּבְרִיאֵל בִּימִינוֹ, וּרְפָאֵל בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ.

And furthermore, it was taught in a baraita: Three people who were walking on the road should not walk in single file but should walk with the teacher in the middle, the greater of the students on his right, and the lesser of them to his left. And so too do we find with the three ministering angels who came to Abraham: Michael, the greatest of the three, was in the middle, Gabriel was to his right, and Raphael was to his left. Apparently, a student walks to the right of his teacher.

אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר אֲבִינָא: גָּדוֹל מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמִיכָאֵל יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּגַבְרִיאֵל, דְּאִילּוּ בְּמִיכָאֵל כְּתִיב: ״וַיָּעׇף אֵלַי אֶחָד מִן הַשְּׂרָפִים״. וְאִילּוּ גַּבֵּי גַבְרִיאֵל כְּתִיב: ״וְהָאִישׁ גַּבְרִיאֵל אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי בֶחָזוֹן בַּתְּחִלָּה מֻעָף בִּיעָף וְגוֹ׳״. מַאי מַשְׁמַע דְּהַאי ״אֶחָד״ מִיכָאֵל הוּא? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אַתְיָא ״אֶחָד״ ״אֶחָד״. כְּתִיב הָכָא ״וַיָּעׇף אֵלַי אֶחָד מִן הַשְּׂרָפִים״, וּכְתִיב הָתָם: ״וְהִנֵּה מִיכָאֵל אֶחָד (מִן) הַשָּׂרִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים בָּא לְעָזְרֵנִי״. תָּנָא: מִיכָאֵל — בְּאַחַת, גַּבְרִיאֵל — בִּשְׁתַּיִם, אֵלִיָּהוּ — בְּאַרְבַּע, וּמַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת — בִּשְׁמֹנֶה. וּבִשְׁעַת הַמַּגֵּפָה, בְּאֶחָת.

After this discussion of the statement that Rabbi Elazar said that Rabbi Avina said, another statement of Rabbi Elazar is cited. Rabbi Elazar bar Avina said: What was said about the angel Michael is greater than what was said about the angel Gabriel. As about Michael, it is written: “And one of the seraphim flew to me” (Isaiah 6:6), indicating that with a single flight, the seraph arrived and performed his mission, while regarding Gabriel, it is written: “The man, Gabriel, whom I had seen at the beginning, in a vision, being caused to fly swiftly, approached close to me about the time of the evening offering” (Daniel 9:21). The double language used in the phrase “to fly swiftly [muaf biaf],” indicates that he did not arrive at his destination in a single flight, but rather, that it took him two flights. To Rabbi Elazar bar Avina, it is clear that “one of the seraphim” refers to Michael, and the Gemara asks: From where is it inferred that the one mentioned in the verse is Michael? Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This is derived through a verbal analogy between the words one and one. Here, it is written: “And one of the seraphim flew to me” (Isaiah 6:6), and there, it is written: “And behold, Michael, one of the chief ministers of the king, came to my aid” (Daniel 10:13). Since the verse from Daniel refers to Michael as “one,” which aggadic midrash interprets as “the unique one,” so, too, “one of the seraphs” described in Isaiah must also refer to the unique one, Michael. This discussion in the Gemara concludes with a Tosefta that arrives at a hierarchy of angels based on the number of flights required by each to arrive at his destination. It was taught in a Tosefta: Michael, as stated above, in one flight; Gabriel, in two flights; Elijah the Prophet, in four flights; and the Angel of Death, in eight flights. During a time of plague, however, when the Angel of Death seems ubiquitous, he arrives everywhere in one flight.

הָאָדָם רָאוּי שֶׁיִּתְדַּמֶּה לְקוֹנוֹ וְאָז יִהְיֶה בְּסוֹד הַצּוּרָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה צֶלֶם וּדְמוּת, שֶׁאִלּוּ יְדֻמֶּה בְּגוּפוֹ וְלֹא בִּפְעֻלּוֹת הֲרֵי הוּא מַכְזִיב הַצּוּרָה וְיֹאמְרוּ עָלָיו צוּרָה נָאָה וּמַעֲשִׂים כְּעוּרִים. שֶׁהֲרֵי עִיקָר הַצֶּלֶם וְהַדְּמוּת הָעֶלְיוֹן הֵן פְּעֻלּוֹתָיו, וּמַה יוֹעִיל לוֹ הֱיוֹתוֹ כְּצוּרָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה דְּמוּת תַּבְנִית אֵבָרָיו וּבַפְּעֻלּוֹת לֹא יִתְדַמֶּה לְקוֹנוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ רָאוּי שֶׁיִּתְדַּמֶּה אֶל פְּעֻלּוֹת הַכֶּתֶר שֶׁהֵן י"ג מִדּוֹת שֶׁל רַחֲמִים עֶלְיוֹנוֹת. וּרְמוּזוֹת בְּסוֹד הַפְּסוּקִים (מיכה ז, יח) מִי אֵל כָּמוֹךָ. יָשׁוּב יְרַחֲמֵנוּ.

Chapter 1 - That it is fitting for a person to resemble his Creator: It is fitting for a person to resemble his Creator and then he will be [configured] in the secret of the Highest Form, [both] in image and likeness. As if he is alike in his body but not in his actions, he betrays the Form; and they will say about him, "A lovely form, but ugly deeds." As behold, the essence of the Highest Image and Likeness is His actions. And what will it benefit him to have the structure of his limbs like the Highest Form, but not resemble his Creator in his actions? Therefore it is fitting that he should [make his actions] resemble the actions of the Crown (Keter), which are the thirteen highest traits of mercy.

והנה אברהם אבינו עליו השלום מל עצמו לעת זקנותו והיה עובד הבורא ברוך הוא במסירת נפש ועל ידי זה נתפשט עצמו מן האותיות שלו, כי הוא דבוק בהשפע אשר עדיין לא נתצמצם באותיות ולא נקרא בשמו כלל. וזהו וירא אליו ה', שלא נקרא בשמו כלל:

When we express this concept in terms of the meaning of ‎the letters in our G’d-given names, this means that we have ‎divested ourselves of our “names.” Avraham, at the time of his ‎life that the Torah speaks about here, had not yet freed himself ‎from the limits imposed upon him (by dint of the letters in his ‎name) prior to his having been circumcised. This state of flux, a ‎temporary situation, in which Avraham found himself at the ‎beginning of this portion, is reflected in the Torah referring to him ‎only by a pronoun, instead of by his full name.‎

(א) היה לו חולה - עי' בפמ"ג שכ' דדוקא אם הי' לו וכן בפרנסה דוקא אם צריך לפרנסה אבל אינו רשאי לבקש רחמים בברכה מאמצעיות על העתיד שלא יחלה ושלא יחסר לחמו וכה"ג משא"כ בש"ת אפי' על העתיד רשאי לבקש: