Mussarמוסר

Yishuv Hadaas: Settledness of Mind

Sources exploring yishuv hadaas—the cultivation of inner calm, mental composure, and spiritual steadiness—as a foundational practice in mussar and Hasidic thought. The sources address how deliberateness, self-nullification, and emotional restraint enable spiritual growth and align the soul with divine will.

מְנוּחַת נֶפֶשׁ הַבּוֹטֵחַ

12 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The most precise definition in these sources comes from the Chovot HaLevavot (Duties of the Heart, Fourth Treatise on Trust 1:1), which identifies settledness of mind — rendered there as מנוחת נפש, the peace of mind of the one who trusts — as the very essence of bitachon: the heart's confident reliance that God will act for one's good, a rest that cannot exist without that inner certainty.

The Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 2:3) gives the concept a practical, inward dimension: even when a leader must display anger outwardly to correct others, his דעתו מיושבת — his mind must remain settled within himself, like an actor simulating anger who is not actually angry — making composed inner awareness the standard even in moments of external tension.

The Shelah (Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Shaar HaOtiyot, Ratzon:29) grounds this settledness in the middah of deliberateness — moving and speaking without haste or turbulence — and promises that one who conducts himself with this quality of נחת and מתון will never come to anger and will become a throne for the Shechinah.

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27:1) extends the idea into the inner life: when unwanted thoughts arise outside moments of formal service, the proper response is not distress but to divert the mind entirely — actively dismissing the thought with both hands — a discipline that itself constitutes the settled, composed service expected of the beinoni.

Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

Pirkei Avot 4:1

משנה אבות ד׳:א׳

Pirkei Avot 4:1

Ben Zoma's teaching about who is wise, strong, rich, and honored emphasizes self-mastery, especially the ability to control impulse and remain inwardly composed. It is a foundational Chazal source for yishuv hadaas as moral steadiness.

אֵיזֶהוּ גִבּוֹר, הַכּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי טז) טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם מִגִּבּוֹר וּמשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ מִלֹּכֵד עִיר.

Source 2 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 2:3

משנה תורה, הלכות דעות ב׳:ג׳

Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 2:3

When a person in a position of authority wishes to instill fear in those under their charge by appearing angry in order to correct them, their mind should remain settled within themselves—like someone who merely imagines anger while not actually experiencing it.

וְאִם רָצָה לְהַטִּיל אֵימָה עַל בָּנָיו וּבְנֵי בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ עַל הַצִּבּוּר אִם הָיָה פַּרְנָס וְרָצָה לִכְעֹס עֲלֵיהֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּחְזְרוּ לַמּוּטָב יַרְאֶה עַצְמוֹ בִּפְנֵיהֶם שֶׁהוּא כּוֹעֵס כְּדֵי לְיַסְּרָם וְתִהְיֶה דַּעְתּוֹ מְיֻשֶּׁבֶת בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְמוֹ כְּאָדָם שֶׁהוּא מְדַמֶּה כּוֹעֵס בִּשְׁעַת כַּעֲסוֹ וְהוּא אֵינוֹ כּוֹעֵס.

Source 3 · Rishonim
Verified

Duties of the Heart, Fourth Treatise on Trust 1

חובות הלבבות, שער רביעי - שער הביטחון א׳ — ד"ה אַךְ מַהוּת הַבִּטָּחוֹן הִיא מְנוּחַת נֶפֶשׁ

Duties of the Heart, Fourth Treatise on Trust 1:1

Bahya presents bitachon as an inner stance that quiets fear and upheaval. The chapter is highly relevant to yishuv hadaas as a calm, trust-filled orientation of the soul.

אַךְ מַהוּת הַבִּטָּחוֹן הִיא מְנוּחַת נֶפֶשׁ הַבּוֹטֵחַ וְשֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִבּוֹ סָמוּךְ עַל מִי שֶׁבָּטַח עָלָיו שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה הַטּוֹב וְהַנָּכוֹן לוֹ בָּעִנְיָן אֲשֶׁר יִבְטַח עָלָיו כְּפִי יְכָלְתּוֹ וְדַעְתּוֹ בְּמָה שֶׁמֵּפִיק טוֹבָתוֹ. אֲבָל הָעִקָּר אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲבוּרוֹ יִהְיֶה הַבִּטָּחוֹן מִן הַבּוֹטֵחַ וְאִם יִפָּקֵד לֹא יִמָּצֵא הַבִּטָּחוֹן הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִבּוֹ בָּטוּחַ בְּמִי שֶׁיִּבְטַח בּוֹ שֶׁיְּקַיֵּם מָה שֶׁאָמַר וְיַעֲשֶׂה מָה שֶׁעָרַב וְיַחְשֹׁב עָלָיו הַטּוֹב בְּמָה שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנָה לוֹ וְלֹא עָרַב עֲשֹׂהוּ שֶׁיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ נְדָבָה וָחֶסֶד.

Trust is peace of mind of the one who trusts. That one relies in his heart that the one he trusts in will do what is good and proper for him on the matter he has trusted him with, according to his ability and his understanding of what will further his good. But the main factor, which leads one to trust in the one trusted, and without which trust cannot exist, is for one's heart to be confident that the one trusted will keep his word and will do what he pledged, and that he will also think to do what is good for him even on what he did not pledge out of pure generosity and kindness (this will be explained).

Source 4 · Rishonim
Verified

Duties of the Heart, Eighth Treatise on Examining the Soul 3

חובות הלבבות, שער שמיני - שער חשבון הנפש ג׳ — ד"ה אֲבָל עַל כַּמָּה פָּנִים יִהְיֶה חֶשְׁבּוֹן

Duties of the Heart, Eighth Treatise on Examining the Soul 3:1

Bahya urges regular self-examination to bring the inner life into clarity and balance. This is a strong source for yishuv hadaas as disciplined inner review rather than scattered living.

אֲבָל עַל כַּמָּה פָּנִים יִהְיֶה חֶשְׁבּוֹן הָאָדָם עִם נַפְשׁוֹ לֵאלֹהִים יִתְעַלֶּה אוֹמַר כִּי אָפְנֵי הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן רַבִּים בָּעִנְיָן הַזֶּה אַךְ אֲבָאֵר מֵהֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים פָּנִים יִתְבָּאֵר מֵהֶם מָה שֶׁהָאָדָם חַיָּב בּוֹ לֵאלֹהִים כְּשֶׁנּוֹתֵן אוֹתָם אֶל לִבּוֹ וּמְקַבֵּל עַל נַפְשׁוֹ לַחְשֹׁב בָּהֶם וְלִזְכֹּר אוֹתָם תָּמִיד: הָרִאשׁוֹן, כְּשֶׁיִּסְתַּכֵּל הָאָדָם בְּעִנְיַן עַצְמוֹ וְיַחְשֹׁב בִּתְחִלַּת הֲוָיָתוֹ וִיצִיאָתוֹ מְלֹא מְצִיאָה אֶל מְצִיאָה וְהַעְתָּקָתוֹ מֵאַיִן לְיֵשׁ לְלֹא יִתְרוֹן שֶׁקָּדַם לוֹ אַךְ חֶסֶד אֱלֹהִים וְטוּבוֹ וְנִדְבָתוֹ וְיִרְאֶה בְּשִׂכְלוֹ כִּי הוּא חָשׁוּב בְּעִנְיָנוֹ וְנִשָּׂא בְּמַדְרֵגָתוֹ וּמְעֻלֶּה בְּמַתְכֻּנְתּוֹ מִן הַבְּהֵמָה וְהַצֶּמַח וְהַמּוּצָק יִתְחַיֵּב לְהוֹדוֹת לְבוֹרְאוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ,

Regarding how many ways is the accounting of a man with himself on his duties to G-d, I say, that the ways of accounting in this matter are numerous. However, among them, I will expound thirty ways whereby it will become clear through them, what a man is obligated to his G-d, when he puts them to heart and takes on himself to reflect on them and remember them always. THE FIRST: (Obligation to serve G-d for creating him, elevating him over other creations, and taking care of his needs) When a man reflects on his own matter, and considers the first beginning of his being, his emergence from non-existence to existence, from nothing to something, without his meriting any of this, but rather solely out of pure kindness of the Almighty, out of His benevolence and generosity. And when he will see with his understanding that he is more important in his matter, more exalted in level, and more elevated in form over the animals, plants, and inanimate objects, he will realize that he is under an obligation to thank his Creator, blessed be He.

Source 5 · Acharonim
Verified

Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Shaar HaOtiyot, Ratzon:29

Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Shaar HaOtiyot, Ratzon:29

Intent must be pursued with calmness—meaning deliberateness and not hastiness with great noise—as elaborated under the letter mem (meaning slowness), for which reason a person should conduct himself with the measure of calmness (deliberateness), not hurrying in speech or action, and thereby will not come to anger in the world, will not cause the Shekhinah to depart from him, but rather will become a throne for the Shekhinah.

וגם הכוונה בנחת, דהיינו במתון ולא במהירות ברעש גדול, כאשר הארכתי באות מ"ם מתון, כי אקח מועד מישרים אשפוט (תהלים עה, ג). על כן ינהיג אדם במידות הנחת, דהיינו המתון, ולא ימהר לא בדבור ולא במעשה, ואז לא יבא לעולם לידי כעס, ולא יגרום סילוק השכינה ממנו, רק יהיה כסא לשכינה.

Source 6 · Acharonim
Verified

Cheshbon HaNefesh 1

חשבון הנפש א׳

Cheshbon HaNefesh 1

This work opens with practical exercises for habitual self-observation and measured conduct. It is a direct mussar text for cultivating inner order and mental steadiness.

ואינו מפנה לבו לחשבונות כלל: ואין לו תקנה אחרת אלא להיות מפקח על עסקי חשבונותיו.

Source 7 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27:1

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 27:1

When idle thoughts arise to a person during mundane activities and daily affairs rather than during formal worship, he should rejoice in his lot, for even though such thoughts enter his mind, he dismisses them from his attention—which fulfills the quality and service of the intermediate person: to suppress the inclination and the stray thought rising from the heart to the mind, and to divert his mind entirely from it and repel it with both hands.

הִנֵּה אִם נוֹפְלוֹת לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה, אֶלָּא בְּעֵת עָסְקוֹ בַּעֲסָקָיו וְדֶרֶךְ אֶרֶץ וּכְהַאי גַּוְונָא, אַדְּרַבָּה! יֵשׁ לוֹ לִשְׂמוֹחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ, שֶׁאַף שֶׁנּוֹפְלוֹת לוֹ בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ – הוּא מַסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ מֵהֶן, לְקַיֵּים מַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר: הֲרֵי זֹאת הִיא מִדַּת הַבֵּינוֹנִים וַעֲבוֹדָתָם – לִכְבּוֹשׁ הַיֵּצֶר וְהַהִרְהוּר הָעוֹלֶה מֵהַלֵּב לַמּוֹחַ, וּלְהַסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ לְגַמְרֵי מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלִדְחוֹתוֹ בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם, כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל.

Source 8 · Hasidic
Verified

Sefat Emet, Deuteronomy, Ki Teitzei 1:5

Sefat Emet, Deuteronomy, Ki Teitzei 1:5

A person should truly gather all his desires and soul to surrender to God's will, and if he collects all his strength in performing mitzvot and similar acts to turn from evil with all his vital forces gathered together, he thereby preserves himself from becoming confused by foolish talk, since he is resolved to surrender his soul and nothing is more precious to him than that.

שיקבץ אדם באמת כל רצונות שבו וכל נפשו למסור עבור רצון המקום ואם מאסף כל כחותיו בעשיות מצוה וכדומה לסור מרע בהתאספות כל החיות. עי"ז עצמו ונשמרת ששוב אין מקום להיות מתבלבל ע"י דברי שטות מאחר שמרוצה למסור נפשו ואין דבר חביב מנפשו.

Source 9 · Hasidic
Verified

Sefat Emet, Deuteronomy, Re'eh 3

שפת אמת, דברים, ראה ג׳

Sefat Emet, Deuteronomy, Re'eh 3

A person must be spiritually pure to properly receive the illumination of Shabbat through complete self-nullification of body and soul to the inner divine life; Rashi interprets "be still and calm" (Yeshayah 7) as wine resting undisturbed on its sediment—just as wine's sediment imparts strength when undisturbed, so too a person's body when humbled and lowered gives strength to the divine life within.

וצריכין להיות נקי לקבל הארת שבת כראוי להיות בטל גוף ונפש האדם אל חיות הפנמיות כנ"ל. ורש"י פי' [*ישעי' ז'] השמר והשקט הוי נח כיין על שמריו ע"ש. כמו היין שאם השמרים במקומם עוד מוסיפין כח להיין. כמו כן גוף האדם בהיותו נכנע ונשפל עד למטה. נותן עוז לחיות אלקי אשר בקרבו.

Source 10 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 34

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים ל״ד — ד"ה וְהִנֵּה

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 34:1

This chapter discusses the service of transforming the heart and directing consciousness toward God through steady contemplation. It is useful for understanding chassidic yishuv hadaas as focused, purposeful awareness.

וְהִנֵּה, מוּדַעַת זֹאת שֶׁ״הָאָבוֹת הֵן הֵן הַמֶּרְכָּבָה״, שֶׁכָּל יְמֵיהֶם לְעוֹלָם, לֹא הִפְסִיקוּ אֲפִילוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת מִלְּקַשֵּׁר דַּעְתָּם וְנִשְׁמָתָם לְרִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים – בַּבִּיטּוּל הַנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל לְיִחוּדוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ. וּמִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ – אֵין לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בְּעוֹלָמוֹ מִשְׁכָּן וּמָכוֹן לְשִׁבְתּוֹ, הוּא יִחוּדוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, אֶלָּא אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁל הֲלָכָה, שֶׁהוּא רְצוֹנוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ וְחָכְמָתוֹ הַמְלוּבָּשִׁים בַּהֲלָכוֹת הָעֲרוּכוֹת לְפָנֵינוּ. וְלָכֵן, אַחַר שֶׁיַּעֲמִיק הָאָדָם מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ בְּעִנְיַן בִּיטּוּל הַנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל כְּפִי יְכָלְתּוֹ, זֹאת יָשִׁיב אֶל לִבּוֹ: ״כִּי מִהְיוֹת קָטָן שִׂכְלִי וְשֹׁרֶשׁ נִשְׁמָתִי מֵהָכִיל, לִהְיוֹת מֶרְכָּבָה וּמִשְׁכָּן לְיִחוּדוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ בֶּאֱמֶת לַאֲמִיתּוֹ, מֵאַחַר דְּלֵית מַחֲשָׁבָה דִילִי תְּפִיסָא וּמַשֶּׂגֶת בּוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ כְּלָל וּכְלָל שׁוּם הַשָּׂגָה בָּעוֹלָם, וְלֹא שֶׁמֶץ מֶנְהוּ מֵהַשָּׂגַת הָאָבוֹת וְהַנְּבִיאִים, אֵי לָזֹאת, אֶעֱשֶׂה לוֹ מִשְׁכָּן וּמָכוֹן לְשִׁבְתּוֹ, הוּא הָעֵסֶק בְּתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה כְּפִי הַפְּנַאי שֶׁלִּי, בִּקְבִיעוּת עִתִּים בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה, כְּדָת הַנִּיתְּנָה לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בְּהִלְכוֹת תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה, וּכְמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: ׳אֲפִילוּ פֶּרֶק אֶחָד שַׁחֲרִית כוּ׳׳״.

It is well known that the Patriarchs were truly the “chariot” of G–d. For throughout their lives they never for a moment ceased from binding their mind and soul to the L–rd of the universe, with the aforementioned absolute surrender to His Unity, blessed be He. But since the Temple was destroyed, the Holy One, blessed is He, has no sanctuary or established place for His habitation, that is, for His Unity, blessed be He, other than the “four cubits of halachah,” which is His will, blessed be He, and His wisdom, as embodied in the laws which have been set out for us. Therefore, after contemplating deeply on the subject of this self-nullification, discussed above, according to his capacity, let the person reflect in his heart as follows: “Inasmuch as my intelligence and the root of my soul are of too limited a capacity to constitute a chariot and abode for His Unity, blessed be He, in perfect truth, since my mind cannot at all conceive and apprehend Him with any manner or degree of apprehension in the world, nor even an iota of the apprehension of the Patriarchs and Prophets—if this be so, I shall make for Him a tabernacle and habitation by engaging in the study of the Torah, as my time permits, at appointed times by day and by night, in accordance with the law which was given to each individual in the Laws Concerning the Study of the Torah, and as the Rabbis stated, ‘Even one chapter in the morning….’”

Source 11 · Hasidic
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Tanya, Part II; Shaar HaYichud VehaEmunah 1

תניא, חלק שני; שער היחוד והאמונה א׳ — ד"ה הִנֵּה

Tanya, Part II; Shaar HaYichud VehaEmunah 1:3

The Alter Rebbe explains how divine unity underlies the apparent multiplicity of the world, yielding a calm, integrated perception. This is a core Chabad source for mental settledness rooted in emunah and bitul.

הִנֵּה, כְּתִיב: ״לְעוֹלָם, ה׳, דְּבָרְךָ נִצָּב בַּשָּׁמָיִם״, וּפִירֵשׁ הַבַּעַל־שֵׁם־טוֹב זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה: כִּי ״דְּבָרְךָ״ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ ״יְהִי רָקִיעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּיִם וְגוֹ׳״ – תֵּיבוֹת וְאוֹתִיּוֹת אֵלּוּ, הֵן נִצָּבוֹת וְעוֹמְדוֹת לְעוֹלָם בְּתוֹךְ רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם, וּמְלוּבָּשׁוֹת בְּתוֹךְ כָּל הָרְקִיעִים לְעוֹלָם לְהַחֲיוֹתָם, כְּדִכְתִיב: ״וּדְבַר אֱלֹהֵינוּ יָקוּם לְעוֹלָם״, ״וּדְבָרָיו חָיִים וְקַיָּימִים לָעַד כוּ׳״, כִּי אִילּוּ הָיוּ הָאוֹתִיּוֹת מִסְתַּלְּקוֹת כְּרֶגַע חַס וְשָׁלוֹם וְחוֹזְרוֹת לִמְקוֹרָן, הָיוּ כָּל הַשָּׁמַיִם אַיִן וָאֶפֶס מַמָּשׁ, וְהָיוּ כְּלֹא הָיוּ כְּלָל, וּכְמוֹ קוֹדֶם מַאֲמַר ״יְהִי רָקִיעַ כוּ׳״ מַמָּשׁ. וְכֵן בְּכָל הַבְּרוּאִים שֶׁבְּכָל הָעוֹלָמוֹת עֶלְיוֹנִים וְתַחְתּוֹנִים, וַאֲפִילוּ אֶרֶץ הַלֵּזוּ הַגַּשְׁמִית וּבְחִינַת דּוֹמֵם מַמָּשׁ, אִילּוּ הָיוּ מִסְתַּלְּקוֹת מִמֶּנָּה כְּרֶגַע חַס וְשָׁלוֹם הָאוֹתִיּוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה מַאֲמָרוֹת שֶׁבָּהֶן נִבְרֵאת הָאָרֶץ בְּשֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית, הָיְתָה חוֹזֶרֶת לְאַיִן וָאֶפֶס מַמָּשׁ, כְּמוֹ לִפְנֵי שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית מַמָּשׁ.

It is written: “Forever, O L–rd, Your word stands firm in the heavens.” The Baal Shem Tov, of blessed memory, has explained that “Your word” which you uttered, “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters…,” these very words and letters stand firmly forever within the firmament of heaven and are forever clothed within all the heavens to give them life, as it is written, “The word of our G–d shall stand firm forever” and “His words live and stand firm forever….” For if the letters were to depart [even] for an instant, G–d forbid, and return to their source, all the heavens would become naught and absolute nothingness, and it would be as though they had never existed at all, exactly as before the utterance, “Let there be a firmament.” And so it is with all created things, in all the upper and lower worlds, and even this physical earth, which is the realm of the silent (inanimate). If the letters of the Ten Utterances by which the earth was created during the Six Days of Creation were to depart from it [but] for an instant, G–d forbid, it would revert to naught and absolute nothingness, exactly as before the Six Days of Creation.

Source 12 · Hasidic
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Tanya, Part IV; Iggeret HaTeshuvah 7

תניא, חלק שלישי; אגרת התשובה ז׳ — ד"ה אַךְ עִיקַּר הַכְנָעַת הַלֵּב

Tanya, Part III; Iggeret HaTeshuvah 7:9

The Alter Rebbe links teshuvah to an inner reorientation that brings a person back to clarity and wholeness. It speaks to the restoration of settled mind through spiritual return.

אַךְ עִיקַּר הַכְנָעַת הַלֵּב, לִהְיוֹת נִשְׁבָּר וְנִדְכֶּה וְהַעֲבָרַת רוּחַ הַטּוּמְאָה וְסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא, הוּא לִהְיוֹת מִ״מָּארֵי דְּחוּשְׁבָּנָא״ בְּעוֹמֶק הַדַּעַת, לְהַעֲמִיק דַּעְתּוֹ וּבִינָתוֹ שָׁעָה אַחַת בְּכָל יוֹם אוֹ לַיְלָה לִפְנֵי תִּיקּוּן־חֲצוֹת, לְהִתְבּוֹנֵן בְּמַה שֶּׁפָּעַל וְעָשָׂה בַּחֲטָאָיו בְּחִינַת גָּלוּת הַשְּׁכִינָה כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל, וְגָרַם לַעֲקוֹר נִשְׁמָתוֹ וְנַפְשׁוֹ הָאֱלֹקִית מֵחַיֵּי הַחַיִּים בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, וְהוֹרִידָהּ לִמְקוֹם הַטּוּמְאָה וְהַמָּוֶת, הֵן הֵיכְלוֹת הַסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא, וְנַעֲשֵׂית בִּבְחִינַת מֶרְכָּבָה אֲלֵיהֶם לְקַבֵּל מֵהֶם שֶׁפַע וְחַיּוּת לְהַשְׁפִּיעַ לְגוּפוֹ, כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל.

But the true humbling of the heart, that it be broken and crushed, and the removal of the spirit of impurity and sitra achara, is achieved through being of the “masters of accounts,” with all the profundity of the mind. He must concentrate his intellect and understanding deeply for a period every day, or at night before Tikkun Chatzot, to realize that through his sins he wrought the exile of the Shechinah, as noted above. He will also ponder that he [caused] the uprooting of his spirit and divine soul from the true Life and demeaned it to a place of defilement and death, the chambers of the sitra achara. He must become deeply aware that his soul has become a vehicle for them, receiving from them vitality to endow his body, as noted above.