The Gemara interprets Esther 10:3 to mean that Mordecai was accepted only by the majority of his brethren, not all of them, because some members of the Sanhedrin separated from him due to his involvement in community and governmental affairs at the expense of Torah study; Rav Yosef argues that Torah study is greater than saving lives, proving this by noting that Mordecai's listing position dropped from fourth to fifth among the returnees to Eretz Yisrael (comparing Ezra 2:2 and Nehemiah 7:7), indicating his status diminished as a result of prioritizing governance over Torah learning.
״כִּי מׇרְדֳּכַי הַיְּהוּדִי מִשְׁנֶה לַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ וְגָדוֹל לַיְּהוּדִים וְרָצוּי לְרוֹב אֶחָיו״. ״לְרוֹב אֶחָיו״, וְלֹא לְכׇל אֶחָיו. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁפֵּירְשׁוּ מִמֶּנּוּ מִקְצָת סַנְהֶדְרִין. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: גָּדוֹל תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה יוֹתֵר מֵהַצָּלַת נְפָשׁוֹת, דְּמֵעִיקָּרָא חָשֵׁיב לֵיהּ לְמׇרְדֳּכַי בָּתַר אַרְבְּעָה, וּלְבַסּוֹף בָּתַר חַמְשָׁה. מֵעִיקָּרָא כְּתִיב: ״אֲשֶׁר בָּאוּ עִם זְרוּבָּבֶל יֵשׁוּעַ נְחֶמְיָה שְׂרָיָה רְעֵלָיָה מׇרְדֳּכַי בִּלְשָׁן״, וּלְבַסּוֹף כְּתִיב: ״הַבָּאִים עִם זְרוּבָּבֶל יֵשׁוּעַ נְחֶמְיָה עֲזַרְיָה רַעַמְיָה נַחֲמָנִי מׇרְדֳּכַי בִּלְשָׁן״.
The verse states: “For Mordecai the Jew was second to the king Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and accepted by the majority of his brethren” (Esther 10:3). The Gemara comments: The verse indicates that Mordecai was accepted only “By the majority of his brethren,” but not by all his brethren. This teaches that some members of the Sanhedrin parted from him, because he occupied himself with community needs, and was therefore compelled to neglect his Torah study. They felt that this was a mistake and that he should have remained active on the Sanhedrin. Rav Yosef said: Studying Torah is greater than saving lives, as initially, when listing the Jewish leaders who came to Eretz Yisrael, Mordecai was mentioned after four other people, but at the end he was listed after five. This is taken to indicate that his involvement in governmental affairs instead of in Torah study lowered his stature one notch. The Gemara proves this: At first it is written: “Who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan” (Ezra 2:2); but in the end in a later list it is written: “Who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahmani, Mordecai, Bilshan” (Nehemiah 7:7).