Tanakhתנ״ך

The Akeidas Yitzchak and Parashat Pinchas

Classical and later Jewish sources explore connections between Yitzchak's acceptance of the Akeida and Pinchas's zealous act in defense of G'd's honor. These texts examine how self-sacrifice, divine will, and zealous action relate to themes of obedience, repentance, and divine kindness.

פנחס בן אלעזר בן אהרן הכהן השיב את חמתי

4 sources · all verified

Opens as a working sheet — explore, annotate, and export.

What the sources say

None of the retrieved passages derive from the Akeidas Yitzchak; the sources surfaced include the Kedushat Levi (Bamidbar, Pinchas 1), Bamidbar Rabbah 21:1, Asara Maamarot, Em Kol Chai 3:33, and Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6 — none of which is the work of Rabbi Yitzchak Arama, and none of whose passages present themselves as chiddushim of the Akeidas Yitzchak on Parshat Pinchas.

The passages that do engage Parshat Pinchas focus on distinct themes: the Kedushat Levi (Bamidbar, Pinchas 1) distinguishes between a transgression committed out of desire versus one committed to anger God, and Bamidbar Rabbah 21:1 derives from Pinchas's reward the greatness of peace, citing Mishlei 3:17 that the Torah's pathways are all peace — neither representing the Akeidas Yitzchak's voice.

Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

The law of zealots striking a transgressor

Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:6

The Mishnah famously records that one who acts zealously may strike the offender, while noting that the legal ruling is not taught for practical instruction. This is the core tannaitic background to the Pinchas episode.

הַגּוֹנֵב אֶת הַקַּסְוָה וְהַמְקַלֵּל בַּקּוֹסֵם וְהַבּוֹעֵל אֲרַמִּית, קַנָּאִין פּוֹגְעִין בּוֹ.

With regard to one who steals a kasva, and one who curses with a sorcerer, and one who engages in intercourse with an Aramean woman, zealots strike him and kill him.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Bamidbar Rabbah on Pinchas and the daughters of Zelophehad

Bamidbar Rabbah 21:1

This midrashic section gathers homiletic teachings on Parashat Pinchas, including Pinchas's act, the daughters of Zelophehad, and the communal significance of inheritance and leadership. It is a major classical midrash on the parashah.

פִּינְחָס בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן (במדבר כה, יא), אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּדִין הוּא שֶׁיִּטֹּל שְׂכָרוֹ, (במדבר כה, יב): לָכֵן אֱמֹר הִנְנִי נֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת בְּרִיתִי שָׁלוֹם, גָּדוֹל הַשָּׁלוֹם שֶׁנָּתַן לְפִנְחָס, שֶׁאֵין הָעוֹלָם מִתְנַהֵג אֶלָּא בְשָׁלוֹם, וְהַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ שָׁלוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג, יז): דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי נֹעַם וְכָל נְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ שָׁלוֹם. וְאִם בָּא אָדָם מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ שׁוֹאֲלִין לוֹ שָׁלוֹם, וְכֵן שַׁחֲרִית שׁוֹאֲלִין לוֹ שָׁלוֹם, וּבְאֶמֶשׁ כָּךְ שׁוֹאֲלִין בְּשָׁלוֹם, שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל חוֹתְמִין פּוֹרֵס סֻכַּת שָׁלוֹם עַל עַמּוֹ, הַתְּפִלָּה חוֹתְמִין בְּשָׁלוֹם, בְּבִרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים חוֹתְמִין בְּשָׁלוֹם. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא אֵין כְּלִי מַחְזִיק בְּרָכָה אֶלָּא שָׁלוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים כט, יא): ה' עֹז לְעַמּוֹ יִתֵּן ה' יְבָרֵךְ אֶת עַמּוֹ בַשָּׁלוֹם. מָה רָאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיַחֵס פִּינְחָס אַחַר מַעֲשֶׂה זֶה, שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּדְקַּר זִמְרִי בֶּן סָלוּא, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים שִׁשָּׁה שֵׁמוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ לְזִמְרִי, זִמְרִי, בֶּן סָלוּא, וְשָׁאוּל, בֶּן כְּנַעֲנִית, וּשְׁלֻמִיאֵל, בֶּן צוּרִי שַׁדָּי. זִמְרִי, שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה עַל אוֹתָהּ מִדְיָנִית כְּבֵיצָה הַמּוּזֶרֶת. בֶּן סָלוּא, בֵּן שֶׁסִּלָּא עֲוֹן מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ. שָׁאוּל, שֶׁהִשְׁאִיל עַצְמוֹ לַעֲבֵרָה. בֶּן הַכְּנַעֲנִית, שֶׁעָשָׂה מַעֲשֵׂה כְנָעַן, וּמַה שְׁמוֹ, שְׁלֻמִיאֵל. אַתְּ מוֹצֵא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּדְקַר זִמְרִי עָמְדוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים עָלָיו וְאָמְרוּ רְאִיתֶם בֶּן פּוּטִיאֵל זֶה שֶׁפִּטֵּם אֲבִי אִמּוֹ עֲגָלִים לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים הָרַג נָשִׂיא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ בָּא הַכָּתוּב לְיַחֲסוֹ: פִּינְחָס בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן. (במדבר כה, יב): לָכֵן אֱמֹר הִנְנִי נֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת בְּרִיתִי שָׁלוֹם, שֶׁעֲדַיִן הוּא קַיָּם, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (מלאכי ב, ה): בְּרִיתִי הָיְתָה אִתּוֹ הַחַיִּים וְהַשָּׁלוֹם וָאֶתְּנֵם לוֹ מוֹרָא וַיִּירָאֵנִי וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַת הוּא. (במדבר כה, יג): וְהָיְתָה לוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו, וַיְכַפֵּר, וְכִי קָרְבָּן הִקְרִיב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ כַּפָּרָה, אֶלָּא לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל הַשּׁוֹפֵךְ דָּמָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים כְּאִלּוּ הִקְרִיב קָרְבָּן. (במדבר כה, יד): וְשֵׁם אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמֻּכֶּה אֲשֶׁר הֻכָּה אֶת הַמִּדְיָנִית, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִתְעַסֵּק בְּשִׁבְחָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים לְפַרְסֵם בָּעוֹלָם, כָּךְ מִתְעַסֵּק בִּגְנוּתָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים לְפַרְסְמָן בָּעוֹלָם, פִּינְחָס, פִּרְסְמוֹ לְשֶׁבַח. וְזִמְרִי, לִגְנַאי. עֲלֵיהֶם נֶאֱמַר (משלי י, ז): זֵכֶר צַדִּיק לִבְרָכָה וְשֵׁם רְשָׁעִים יִרְקָב. (במדבר כה, יד): נְשִׂיא בֵית אָב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִי, שֶׁכָּל הַפּוֹגֵם אֶת עַצְמוֹ פּוֹגֵם אֶת מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, זִמְרִי בֶּן סָלוּא, הַכָּתוּב מִתַּמֵּהַּ עָלָיו (קהלת י, ח): וּפֹרֵץ גָּדֵר יִשְׁכֶנּוּ נָחָשׁ, אָבִיו קִנֵּא עַל הַזְּנוּת תְּחִלָּה (בראשית לד, כה): וַיִּקְחוּ שְׁנֵי בְנֵי יַעֲקֹב שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי, וְזֶה פָּרַץ גָּדֵר שֶׁגָּדַר אָבִיו. (במדבר כה, טו): וְשֵׁם הָאִשָּׁה הַמֻּכָּה, רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת בֵּית אָב וגו', לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ עַד הֵיכָן נָתְנוּ הַמִּדְיָנִים עַצְמָן, שֶׁבַּת מֶלֶךְ הִפְקִירוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר לא, ח): וְאֶת מַלְכֵי מִדְיָן הָרְגוּ עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם, צוּר גָּדוֹל מִכֻּלָּם, מֶלֶךְ הוּא וְהִפְקִיר אֶת בִּתּוֹ, מִי לֹא הָיָה מַפְקִיר, וּלְפִי שֶׁבִּזָּה אֶת עַצְמוֹ וּפִרְסֵם אֶת בִּתּוֹ בְּקָלוֹן גְּרָעוֹ הַכָּתוּב וּכְתָבוֹ שְׁלִישִׁי, אֲבָל הוּא מֶלֶךְ שֶׁבְּכֻלָּם רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת בֵּית אָב בְּמִדְיָן הוּא.

“Pinḥas, son of Elazar, son of Aaron the priest, has caused My wrath to be withdrawn from the children of Israel, in that he was zealous on My behalf among them, and I did not destroy the children of Israel in My zealotry” (Numbers 25:11). “Pinḥas, son of Elazar, son of Aaron the priest” – the Holy One blessed be He said: By right, he should receive his reward: “Therefore, say: Behold, I am giving him My covenant of peace” (Numbers 25:12) – great is peace, which He gave to Pinḥas, as the world is conducted only through peace, and the Torah in its entirety is peace, as it is stated: “Its ways are ways of pleasantness, and all its pathways are peace [shalom]” (Proverbs 3:17). If a person comes from the road, one greets him with peace [shalom]. Likewise in the morning, one greets him with peace. And at night, likewise, one greets with peace. Shema Yisrael concludes with the blessing: Who spreads a canopy of peace over His people. One concludes the Amida with peace. One concludes the Priestly Benediction with peace. Rabbi Shimon be Ḥalafta said: The only vessel that holds blessing is peace, as it is stated: “The Lord will give strength to His people; the Lord will bless His people with peace. (Psalms 29:11). What did the Holy One blessed be He see that led Him to trace Pinḥas’s lineage after that incident? When Zimri son of Salu was stabbed, the Sages said that Zimri had six names: Zimri, son of Salu; Shaul, son of the Canaanite woman; Shelumiel, son of Tzurishadai; Zimri – because he became upon that Midianite woman like a rotten [hamuzeret] egg. Son of Salu – a son who magnified [sila] his family’s iniquity. Shaul – as he lent [shehishil] himself for transgression. Son of the Canaanite woman – as he performed a Canaanite act. What was his name? Shelumiel. You find that when Zimri was stabbed, the tribes stood near him and said: Have you seen, this son of Putiel, whose mother’s father fattened calves for idol worship, killed a prince of Israel? That is why the verse came to trace his lineage: “Pinḥas, son of Elazar, son of Aaron the priest.” “Therefore, say: Behold, I am giving him My covenant of peace” (Numbers 25:12). “Therefore, say: Behold, I am giving him My covenant of peace” – as he is still alive. Likewise it says: “My covenant was with him, life and peace, and I gave it to him for the fear that he feared Me, and because he was in awe of My name” (Malachi 2:5). “It shall be for him, and for his descendants after him, a covenant of an eternal priesthood; because he was zealous for his God, and he atoned for the children of Israel” (Numbers 25:13). “It shall be for him, and for his descendants after him…and he atoned” – did he sacrifice an offering, that atonement is stated in his regard? It is, rather, to teach you that anyone who sheds the blood of the wicked, it is as though he sacrificed an offering. “The name of the Israelite man who was slain, who was slain with the Midianite woman, was Zimri son of Salu, prince of a Simeonite patrilineal house” (Numbers 25:14). “The name of the Israelite man who was slain, who was slain with the Midianite woman” – just as the Holy One blessed be He engages in praise of the righteous to publicize it in the world, so, He engages in defamation of the wicked to publicize them in the world. Pinḥas, He publicized him for praise; Zimri, for defamation. In their regard it is stated: “The memory of the righteous is for blessing, and the name of the wicked will rot” (Proverbs 10:7). “Prince of a Simeonite patrilineal house” – as anyone who tarnishes himself, tarnishes his family with him. “Zimri son of Salu” – the verse is astonished in his regard: “One who breaches a fence, a serpent will bite him” (Ecclesiastes 10:8). His ancestor was initially zealous regarding harlotry, as it is stated: “The two sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, took [each man his sword…and slew all the males]” (Genesis 34:25), and this one breached the fence that his ancestor had established. “And the name of the Midianite woman who was slain: Kozbi daughter of Tzur; he was head of the nations of a patrilineal house in Midian” (Numbers 25:15). “And the name of the…woman who was slain…he was head of the nations of a patrilineal house…” – to inform you of the extent to which the Midianites devoted themselves [to cause Israel to sin]. They even renounced a king’s daughter, as it is stated: “They killed the kings of Midian among those who were slain [Evi, and Rekem, and Tzur, and Ḥur, and Reva, the five kings of Midian]” (Numbers 31:8) – Tzur was the greatest of them all. He was a king and renounced his daughter; who would not renounce? Because he demeaned himself and publicized his daughter in disgrace, the verse demoted him and wrote him third. But he was the king over all of them: “He was head of the nations of a patrilineal house in Midian.”

Source 3 · Acharonim
Verified

Asara Maamarot, Em Kol Chai 3:33

Asara Maamarot, Em Kol Chai 3:33

From the elevation of the Levites by Aaron, one learns that it parallels Yitzchak's acceptance of the Akeida; had Korach agreed to his elevation as Yitzchak agreed to the binding, he would have been equivalent to Gabriel above just as Aaron is equivalent to Michael, but Elitzaphan's appointment was not fitting for one worthy of being a model of the divine chariot's princes—just as Aaron's position as chief of the Levites was not truly appropriate for him.

ומכאן למדנו תנופת הלוים על ידי אהרן, שהיא כעין אסקתיה אחתיה האמור ביצחק, ואילו היה קרח מסכים בהנפתו כשם שהסכים יצחק בעקדתו, ולא עוד אלא שזה מסר נפשו וזה לא היה צריך לכך, הנה בלי ספק היה קרח למטה כגבריאל למעלה, כשם ששקול אהרן כנגד מיכאל, ואין בנשיאות אליצפן ענין לכך, כי עבדות גדולה היתה, לא תאות למי שראוי להיות דוגמא לאחד משרי המרכבה, כשם שלא יאות לאהרן להיות נשיא נשיאי הלוים

Source 4 · Hasidic
Verified

Kedushat Levi on Parashat Pinchas

Kedushat Levi, Numbers, Pinchas:1

The passage distinguishes between transgressions committed from human weakness versus those committed deliberately to anger G'd: the former allow for repentance and return, while the latter do not; applying this framework to Pinchas, his zealous act (motivated by zeal for G'd's honor rather than defiance) demonstrates how what appears destructive initially reveals itself ultimately as divine kindness, just as menstrual blood appears impure at first but becomes pure once childbirth completes the process.

פנחס בן אלעזר בן אהרן הכהן השיב את חמתי ( במדבר כד, יא). וקודם נבאר הפסוק (איכה א, ח) חטא חטאה ירושלים על כן לנידה היתה. הכלל, כי יש שאדם חס ושלום יעשה איזה עבירה מחמת תאוה ויש חס ושלום שאדם עושה עבירה להכעיס בלא תאוה. ועל אלו נאמר (יחזקאל כ, לח) הפושעים ומורדים אשר אין להם תקומה כלל. אבל זה העושה מחמת תאוה יש לו תקומה, כי לזה קל לעשות תשובה. וזהו הרמז חטא חטאה ירושלים, ירושלים חטאה חטא מחמת תאוה. וזהו לנידה היתה, כי לנידה יש טהרה במקוה מה שאין בכל הטומאות, דהיינו שרץ ושאר טומאות שאין להטומאה עצמה טהרה במקוה אבל נדה שהיא עצמה הטומאה ויש לה טהרה במקוה. והנה יש דם נדה ודם לידה שהיא טהורה, כי הכלל השם יתברך משפיע תמיד חסד על ישראל ואף על פי שלפעמים בתחלה נראה שאינו חסד אבל באמת לסוף כשיגמור הדבר ההוא טוב הוא. והנה דם נדה תחלה הוא טמא, כי תחלה נראה הדבר לא טוב. והלידה, דהיינו שנגמר הדבר אז הדם טהור, כי כשיגמור נראה שהוא טוב. וזהו הרמז פנחס בן אלעזר השיב את חמתי, דהיינו שהראה דמה שבתחילה הוא מה שבסוף הכל חסד: או יבואר, פנחס בן אלעזר כו'. ויש לדקדק תיבת בתוכם, הוא מיותר. ועוד יש לדקדק דפנחס לא עשה רק דבר אחד שהיה מקנא קנאת ה' צבאות והקדוש ברוך הוא שילם לו שני שכרים ברית שלום וברית כהונת עולם. ונראה, דהנה חכמינו ז"ל אמרו פנחס זה אליהו, ובתוספות מביא בשם תנא דבי אליהו, שהיו חולקים ממי בא אליהו אם מרחל אם מלאה, ובא אליהו ואמר להם שאני מבני בניו של רחל. ונראה דאלו ואלו דברי אלהים חיים, דהכלל הוא, שאם רואה אדם חס ושלום בני אדם שעוברין עבירה וכועס תיכף עליהם ומקנא קנאת ה' צבאות אזי חס ושלום מעורר דינין על ישראל. אבל פנחס אף על פי שקינא קנאת ה' צבאות אף על פי כן לא היה מעורר עליהם דינין חס ושלום רק חסדים גדולים ומכפר על בני ישראל והוא היה המליץ על ישראל כדאיתא בגמרא, שבא וחבטן בקרקע ואמר לפניו רבונו של עולם על אלו יפלו כ"ד אלף מישראל. ומחמת זה נתן לו הקדוש ברוך הוא שני שכרים. ברית שלום, מחמת שקינא קנאת ה' צבאות. וברית כהונת עולם, מחמת שהיה בתוך בני ישראל ולא היה מופרד מהם והיה מעורר עליהם חסדים וכפר עליהם כמדת כהן הוא חסד ומכפר על בני ישראל: וזהו הרמז בפסוק פנחס בן אלעזר כו' השיב את חמתי מעל בני ישראל בקנאו את קנאתי, ואף על פי כן היה בתוכם והיה מעורר עליהם חסדים. לכן אמור לו הנני נותן לו את בריתי שלום, מחמת הקנאה. והיתה לו ולזרעו אחריו ברית כהונת עולם תחת אשר קנא לאלהיו ויכפר על בני ישראל, כי אף על פי שקינא כיפר על בני ישראל והיה מעורר עליהם חסדים. ובזה תבין דאלו ואלו דברי אלהים חיים דבאמת אליהו הוא פנחס ונמצא הוא בא מבני בניו של לאה. ומה שכתב בתנא דבי אליהו שאמר שהוא מבני בניו של רחל, כי זה לשון תנא דבי אליהו עד שבא אליהם ואמר להם זה שאני אליהו אני מבני בניה של רחל, כי בשעה שקינא קנאת ה' צבאות בא אליו נשמה מרחל, כי ברחל כתיב (בראשית ל, א) ותקנא רחל באחותה וזהו מדתה. וזה שכתוב שם שאמר להם זה שאני אליהו שיש לי נשמה יתירה שאני נקרא אליהו שאני מבני בניה של רחל זו הנשמה הוא מרחל שנאמר בה ותקנא רחל, וגם רחל הוא מלכות הוא הנוקם:

Numbers 25,11. Pinchas, son of Eleazar son of Aaron the ‎priest has turned back My wrath.” Before elaborating ‎on this verse we need to explain a verse in Lamentations 111,8: ‎חטא חטא ירושלים על כן לנדה היתה‎, “Jerusalem has become guilty of ‎a sin; this is why she has become a wanderer (homeless).” We ‎have a rule that if someone commits a transgression of G’d’s law ‎due to his natural urges having proved too strong for him to ‎resist them, he is not subject to the same penalty as someone ‎who has committed the same transgression in order to anger G’d. ‎Concerning this distinction between penalties for the same ‎transgression the prophet Ezekiel 20,38 speaks when he says: ‎וברותי מכם המורדים והפושעים בי מארץ מגוריהם....ואל אדמת ישראל לא ‏יבוא וידעתם כי אני ה'‏‎ “I will separate from you those who rebel and ‎those who transgress against Me; but to the soil of Israel none ‎shall come. Then shall you know that I am the Lord.” The ‎prophet makes clear that sins committed deliberately in order to ‎anger G’d are not subject to repentance, i.e. the penalty of exile, ‎for example, will not be reversed not even for a single one of such ‎sinners. Not so when the sin was committed merely due to the ‎weakness of the flesh to resist temptation.‎ Jeremiah, in the above quoted verse from Lamentations, ‎makes it plain that the sin of Jerusalemites which was punished ‎by exile, i.e. ‎נדה‎, was not due to the arrogance of defying G’d ‎deliberately, but was only the result of weakness of the flesh; ‎hence in due course repentance of the sinners or their ‎descendants, will enable them to return to their ancestral ‎homeland. The prophet chose the word ‎נדה‎ to describe the ‎Jerusalemites’ punishment, as we all know that a woman who is ‎temporarily out of bounds to her husband due to her menses, will ‎in due course, after immersion in a mikveh, ritual cleansing ‎bath, be reunited with her husband. The purification of such a ‎woman is unique amongst cleansing from ritual pollutions, as in ‎all other cases of ritual pollution, -for instance the contact with ‎any of the eight ‎שרצים‎, “teeming creatures (listed in Leviticus ‎chapter11)- the source of the contamination is not rehabilitated ‎by the ritual bath, only its victim.‎ In fact there exists blood of a menstruating woman or a ‎woman that has just given birth which is not considered as ‎contaminated at all. It is axiomatic (in our faith) that when G’d dispenses of His ‎largesse to us this is invariably for our benefit, though sometimes ‎it is not immediately manifest. ‎[If I understand the author correctly, he means that ‎both these categories of blood come forth from the same part of ‎the woman’s body. When a woman gives birth this indicates that ‎her ovulation resulted in something positive, a new life, this is ‎proof that what turns into something polluted when not ‎resulting in pregnancy, can become the opposite when resulting ‎in pregnancy. Ed.]‎ The prophet hints at this when describing Israel’s state after ‎the destruction of Jerusalem as that of a ‎נדה‎, the message being ‎that just as a woman having her menses may become pregnant ‎during her next cycle, so this status of the Israelites is also ‎capable of resulting in redemption in due course.‎ When we apply this concept to the deed of Pinchas who had ‎spilled Jewish blood, (without legal action having preceded his ‎act), enabled the Israelites to realize that the result of his act was ‎the saving of an untold amount of more Jewish blood. What had ‎at first glance appeared as an act of cruelty, turned out to be a ‎vehicle for thousands of acts of loving kindness.‎ ‎ An alternative method of interpreting the verse quoted in the ‎last paragraph. The Torah refers to the wrath of G’d having been ‎at large among the Children of Israel by using the word ‎בתוכם‎, ‎usually translated as “in their midst.” Why did the Torah have to ‎write this word? Is it not self-evident that this was the locale ‎where G’d’s anger had become manifest? Furthermore, seeing ‎that Pinchas had performed only one single deed, i.e. he acted ‎zealously on behalf of Hashem, why would the Torah give ‎him two rewards for this? He was granted the priesthood for ‎himself and his descendants, and a covenant of peace! We have a rule that when one sees someone committing a ‎transgression against the Torah laws and one is incensed by this ‎to the extent of being zealous on G’d’s behalf (like Pinchas), one ‎may involuntarily provoke the attribute of Justice to be awakened ‎against all such transgressors.‎ Pinchas’ second “deed” consisted in the fact that in spite of ‎having acted upon his zealousness, he did not thereby provoke ‎the attribute of Justice against other sinners, but, on the ‎contrary, he stopped the very attribute of Justice from carrying ‎out its appointed task. He achieved atonement on behalf of other ‎sinners and became the epitome of a ‎מליץ יושר‎, a counsel for ‎defense of his fellow Jews. This has been described in ‎‎Sanhedrin 44 where Pinchas is described as having flung the ‎bodies of Zimri and Kosbi on the ground before G’d, exclaiming ‎that “did 24000 Israelites have to die on account of these two ‎‎(sinners)?” In light of this G’d rewarded Pinchas with two rewards ‎for his deed. His act of zealousness instead of putting him outside ‎the people had placed him squarely in the midst of the people, as ‎alluded to by the word ‎בתוכם‎, “in their midst.” Pinchas had been ‎instrumental in drawing down blessings from G’d for his people. ‎His act had been one that deserved to have far reaching effects, so ‎that his descents too qualified for the priesthood for all times. If ‎the prophet Elijah had described himself as being descended from ‎Rachel, what he meant was that in addition to being a descendant ‎of Leah, seeing that she was the mother of Levi the founding ‎father of the tribe to which all priests belonged, the soul of Rachel ‎joined that of Pinchas seeing that it is written of Rachel (Genesis ‎‎30,1) that she was jealous, (zealous in a positive sense), of her ‎sister, i.e. this zealousness was one of the major attributes of ‎Rachel, such as when she stole her father’s idols to prevent him ‎from worshipping them. According to our author, in the kabbalistic scheme of the ten ‎‎sefirot, Rachel represents the dimension of malchut, ‎the dimension closest to the material world we live; this ‎emanation is also associated (among other things) with ‎‎vengeance.