Tanakhתנ״ך

Biblical Accounts of Aaron's Death

These sources identify the locations where Aaron's death is recorded in Scripture: Mount Hor in Numbers and Moserah in Deuteronomy. Classical commentators reconcile these accounts and elaborate on the circumstances and spiritual significance of Aaron's passing.

שָׁם מֵת אַהֲרֹן וַיִּקָּבֵר שָׁם

10 sources · all verified

Opens as a working sheet — explore, annotate, and export.

What the sources say

The primary account of Aaron's death appears in Bamidbar 20:22–29, which records that Moshe stripped Aaron of his priestly vestments, placed them on Elazar, and Aaron died on the summit of Mount Hor, after which all the house of Israel mourned him thirty days.

A second mention appears in Devarim 32:50, where God tells Moshe that he will die on the mountain just as 'your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his kin.'

A third mention is found in Devarim 10:6, which states that Aaron died and was buried at Moserah — a textual tension noted by Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 18, which observes that Bamidbar says he died at Mount Hor while Devarim says Moserah, and resolves this by counting seven encampments between the two locations.

Rashi on Devarim 10:7 further explains that at Moserah the people held an intense mourning for Aaron's death, making it appear as though he had died there.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Deuteronomy 10:6

דברים י׳:ו׳

Deuteronomy 10:6

Moshe’s journey is briefly recounted with the note that Aharon died at Moserah and was buried there, giving a second biblical mention of his death.

וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נָ֥סְע֛וּ מִבְּאֵרֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָ֖ן מוֹסֵרָ֑ה שָׁ֣ם מֵ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וַיִּקָּבֵ֣ר שָׁ֔ם וַיְכַהֵ֛ן אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃

From Beeroth-bene-jaakan the Israelites marched to Moserah. Aaron died there and was buried there; and his son Eleazar became priest in his stead.

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Numbers 20:22-29

במדבר כ׳:כ״ב-כ״ט

Numbers 20:22-29

This is the primary biblical account of Aharon’s death on Mount Hor, including the transfer of his priestly garments to Elazar and the nation’s mourning for thirty days.

וַיַּפְשֵׁט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיַּלְבֵּ֤שׁ אֹתָם֙ אֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר בְּנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֧מׇת אַהֲרֹ֛ן שָׁ֖ם בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיֵּ֧רֶד מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר מִן־הָהָֽר׃ וַיִּרְאוּ֙ כׇּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה כִּ֥י גָוַ֖ע אַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיִּבְכּ֤וּ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים י֔וֹם כֹּ֖ל בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ {ס}

Moses stripped Aaron of his vestments and put them on his son Eleazar, and Aaron died there on the summit of the mountain. When Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain, the whole community knew that Aaron had breathed his last. All the house of Israel bewailed Aaron thirty days.

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Deuteronomy 32:50

דברים ל״ב:נ׳

Deuteronomy 32:50

Hashem tells Moshe he will die as Aharon died on Mount Hor, making Aharon’s death a point of comparison for Moshe’s own death.

וּמֻ֗ת בָּהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עֹלֶ֣ה שָׁ֔מָּה וְהֵאָסֵ֖ף אֶל־עַמֶּ֑יךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־מֵ֞ת אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃

You shall die on the mountain that you are about to ascend, and shall be gathered to your kin, as your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his kin;

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Targum Jonathan on Numbers 20:29

Targum Jonathan on Numbers 20:29

When Aharon's soul departed, the clouds of glory departed, and in the month of Av all the congregation saw Moshe descend from the mountain weeping and saying "Woe to me for you, my brother Aharon, pillar of the prayer of Yisrael," and Yisrael mourned Aharon for thirty days, men and women.

וְכֵיוַן דְנַח נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְאַהֲרן אִסְתַּלָקוּ עֲנָנָא יְקָרָא בְּחַד לְיַרְחָא דְאָב וְחָמוּן כָּל כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְאָתָא משֶׁה נָחִית מִן טַוְורָא מָנוֹי בְּזִיעִין וַהֲוָה בָּכֵי וַאֲמַר וַוי לִי עֲלָךְ אַהֲרן אָחִי עַמוּד צְלוֹתְהוֹן דְיִשְרָאֵל אוּף הִינוּן בָּכוֹן יַת אַהֲרן תְּלָתִין יוֹמִין גוּבְרַיָא וּנְשַׁיָא דְיִשְרָאֵל

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 18

מדרש תנחומא, חקת י״ח

Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 18

The midrash elaborates on Aharon’s death at Mount Hor, including the emotional and communal dimensions of his passing.

אַתְּ מוֹצֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁמֵּת אַהֲרֹן, נִסְתַּלְּקוּ עַנְנֵי כָּבוֹד וְנִרְאוּ כְּאִשָּׁה פְּרוּעָה. וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָסְעוּ מִבְּאֵרוֹת בְּנֵי יַעֲקָן מוֹסֵרָה, שָׁם מֵת אַהֲרֹן (דברים י, ו). וַהֲלֹא בְּהֹר הָהָר מֵת, דִּכְתִיב: וַיָּמָת אַהֲרֹן שָׁם בְּהֹר הָהָר וַיֵּרֶד מֹשֶׁה וְגוֹ', וְהַפְּסוּקִים מוֹכִיחִין שֶׁהֵן שֶׁבַע מַסָּעוֹת.

Source 6 · Rishonim
Verified

Chizkuni, Deuteronomy 10:6

Chizkuni, Deuteronomy 10:6

The passage states that Aaron died at the end of the forty years at Mount Hor (not during the incident of the golden calf at the beginning), and identifies the specific location as Mount Hor, which the Israelites reached after traveling from the encampments of Bene Yakan that came from Masurah, as written in the portion on journeys.

ובני ישראל נסעו מבארת כלומר אל תאמרו בתחלת הארבעים שנה במעשה העגל מת אהרן ולא הועילה לו תפלתי שהרי בסוף הארבעים מת הוא בהר ההר באותו זמן כשנסעו בנ״‎י מבארות בני יעקן שבאו שם ממוסרה כדכתיב בפרשת מסעי ויסעו ממסורות ויחנו בבני יעקן והלכו משם עד הר ההר שם מת אהרן ולא במעשה העגל. שם מת אהרן אז מת אהרן כמו משם רועה אבן ישראל שפי׳‎ מאז.

Source 7 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi on Deuteronomy 10:7

רש"י על דברים י׳:ז׳

Rashi on Deuteronomy 10:7

In Mosereh the Israelites held a heavy mourning ritual for Aaron's death, which caused their distress, and it appeared to them as though he died there.

וּבְמוֹסֵרָה עֲשִׂיתֶם אֵבֶל כָּבֵד עַל מִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן שֶׁגָּרְמָה לָכֶם זֹאת, וְנִדְמָה לָכֶם כְּאִלּוּ מֵת שָׁם (תלמוד ירושלמי סוטה א';

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

Ramban on Numbers 20:22-29

רמב"ן על במדבר כ׳:כ״ב-כ״ט

Ramban on Numbers 20:22-29

Ramban discusses the narrative of Aharon’s death, including its significance and the meaning of the transition of priesthood to Elazar.

וְהַקָּרוֹב כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרַד אַהֲרֹן מֵעֲשׂוֹת הַתָּמִיד וְהִקְטִיר הַקְּטֹרֶת וְהֶעֱלָה הַנֵּרוֹת, הֶעֱלָה אוֹתוֹ אֶל הֹר הָהָר כְּשֶׁהָיָה לָבוּשׁ בִּגְדֵי כְּהוּנָּה וְהִפְשִׁיט אוֹתָם.

Source 9 · Rishonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Numbers 20:22-29

אור החיים על במדבר כ׳:כ״ב-כ״ט

Or HaChaim on Numbers 20:22-29

Or HaChaim offers a close reading of the verses describing Aharon’s death and the spiritual meaning of his ascent and passing.

וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ וְגוֹ׳ עַל גְּבוּל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם שֶׁהֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר עַל גְּבוּל וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ עַל סִבַּת הַגָּעָתָם לִגְבוּל רִשְׁעָה נִסְתַּלֵּק אַהֲרֹן. שׁוּב בָּא לְיָדִי מִדְרָשׁ אֶחָד (ילקוט שמעוני במדבר תשסד) וְזֶה לְשׁוֹנָם: ״בְּהִתְחַבֶּרְךָ לָרָשָׁע״ וְגוֹ׳ – בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁנִּתְחַבְּרוּ לֶאֱדוֹם חָסְרוּ צַדִּיק אֶחָד, עַד כָּאן. וְהֵם הַדְּבָרִים עַצְמָן שֶׁרָמַזְנוּ בְּמַאֲמַר עַל גְּבוּל וְגוֹ׳. וּלְדֶרֶךְ זֶה יִתְבָּאֵר אָמְרוֹ לֵאמֹר, שֶׁיְּצַו ה׳ לְמֹשֶׁה לוֹמַר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל פְּרָט זֶה שֶׁרָמַז בְּמַאֲמַר ״עַל גְּבוּל״, שֶׁהִתְחַבְּרָם לָרָשָׁע סִבֵּב פְּטִירַת הַצַּדִּיק. וַהֲגַם שֶׁכְּבָר נִגְזְרָה גְּזֵרָה זוֹ עָלָיו, אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁהָיָה חַי עוֹד יָמִים. עוֹד לוֹמַר מְגַלְגְּלִין חוֹבָה עַל יְדֵי חַיָּב. וּבְדֶרֶךְ רֶמֶז, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאַהֲרֹן עוֹמֵד עִם מֹשֶׁה לַגְּאֻלָּה הָעֲתִידָה, כְּאָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שבת י.) בְּפָסוּק ״וְעָנְתָה שָּׁמָּה כִּימֵי נְעוּרֶיהָ״ שֶׁכָּתַבְתִּי לְמַעְלָה, וּגְאֻלָּה הָעֲתִידָה הִיא מִיַּד אֱדוֹם שֶׁהִיא מַלְכוּת ס״מ, לָזֶה אָמַר עַל גְּבוּל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם, פֵּרוּשׁ, עַל סִבַּת גְּבוּלָם אֲשֶׁר הִגְבִּיל ה׳ קֵץ לֶאֱדוֹם לִמָּסֵר בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל, לָזֶה שָׁם יֵאָסֵף אַהֲרֹן. וְגָמַר אוֹמֶר אֶל עַמָּיו לִרְמֹז לְעַמָּיו הָעֲתִידִים לָרֶשֶׁת אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם.

ויאמר ה׳…על גבול ארץ אדום. G'd said to Moses…on the border of the land of Edom, etc. The reason the Torah described the location as the border of the land of Edom was to show that the proximity of the wicked Edomites contributed to Aaron's death at that time. I have found a somewhat puzzling statement in the Yalkut Shimoni on our verse (item 764). The Midrash accuses: "because you befriended yourself with the wicked," Aaron died as a result of the Israelites (or Moses and Aaron?) befriending Edom." Thus far the Yalkut. It is clear to me that this is a reference to the words על גבול. This also explains why the Torah added the word לאמר in our verse. G'd commanded Moses to tell the Israelites about this little detail, i.e. that because they made a point of befriending the wicked this contributed to the untimely death of the righteous. But for that incident Aaron might have lived a few months longer although death had been decreed for him previously. There may also be a moral/ethical dimension to our verse. We know from Shabbat 10 that Moses and Aaron will lead the Israelites to the Holy Land at the time of the resurrection as we explained earlier. The future redemption ushering in that idyllic era will be the redemption from the exile under the yoke of Edom, which symbolises the kingdom of Satan. The word גבול maybe a reference to the time when G'd puts an end to the rule of the kingdom of Satan and delivers it into the hands of Israel. Aaron's dying at this time and at the border of the kingdom of Edom, was to remind the Israelites of the glory in store for them in the distant future. This is why the Torah also mentioned that Aaron joined אל עמיו, "his people," something we would have assumed even if the Torah had not spelled it out. It is an allusion to the time "Aaron's people" would inherit the lands of Edom.

Source 10 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi on Numbers 20:22-29

רש"י על במדבר כ׳:כ״ב-כ״ט

Rashi on Numbers 20:22-29

Rashi explains the sequence of events leading to Aharon’s death, the stripping of his garments, and the mourning of the people.

הר ההר. הַר עַל גַּבֵּי הַר, כְּתַפּוּחַ קָטָן עַל גַּבֵּי תַפּוּחַ גָּדוֹל, וְאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁהֶעָנָן הוֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּמַשְׁוֶה אֶת הֶהָרִים, שְׁלֹשָׁה נִשְׁאֲרוּ בָהֶן — הַר סִינַי לַתּוֹרָה וְהֹר הָהָר לִקְבוּרַת אַהֲרֹן וְהַר נְבוֹ לִקְבוּרַת מֹשֶׁה (תנחומא): על גבול ארץ אדום. מַגִּיד שֶׁמִּפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּתְחַבְּרוּ כָאן לְהִתְקָרֵב לְעֵשָׂו הָרָשָׁע, נִפְרְצוּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם וְחָסְרוּ הַצַּדִּיק הַזֶּה, וְכֵן הַנָּבִיא אוֹמֵר לִיהוֹשָׁפָט (דברי הימים ב' כ') "בְּהִתְחַבֶּרְךָ עִם אֲחַזְיָהוּ פָּרַץ ה' אֶת מַעֲשֶׂיךָ" (תנחומא):

הר ההר MOUNT HOR (more lit., the mount of the mount) — This was a mount on top of a mount, like a small apple on top of a large apple. — Although the cloud went before them and levelled the mountains (cf. Rashi on 10:34), yet three of them remained: Mount Sinai for the giving of the Torah, Mount Hor for Aaron’s burial place, and Mount Nebo for Moses’ burial place (Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 14). על גבול ארץ אדום BY THE BOUNDARY OF THE LAND OF EDOM — This (the statement that Aaron died here) tells us that because they here wished to join themselves in close friendship with the wicked, a breach was made in their works and they had to lose this righteous man, Aaron. Similarly does the prophet say, (II Chronicles 20:37) “Because thou hast joined thyself with Ahaziah, the Lord hath made a breach in thy works” (Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 14).