The Or HaChaim offers a striking chiddush that Eve's sin was not mere disobedience but a cosmic catastrophe that altered the spiritual structure of creation; he details how Adam and Eve had different motivations and how this affected the nature of the punishment.
אָכֵן הַכָּתוּב יַגִּיד אֹפֶן מְצוּדָתָהּ שֶׁל הָאִשָּׁה וְאֵיךְ נִתְרַצֵּית לִשְׁמֹעַ לַמֵּסִית. וְהִנֵּה תִּמְצָא בְּסֵדֶר דְּבָרֶיהָ הָרִאשׁוֹנִים אֶל הַנָּחָשׁ דִּקְדְּקָה לוֹמַר ״וּמִפְּרִי הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן״, הֲרֵי זֶה מַגֶּדֶת דַּעְתָּהּ וִידִיעָתָהּ כִּי לֹא נֶאֱסַר לָהּ אֶלָּא הַפְּרִי עַצְמוֹ, אֲבָל הָעֵץ שֶׁל הָאִילָן וַעֲנָפָיו וְעָלָיו לֹא נֶאֱסְרוּ. וּסְבָרָא זוֹ נוּכַל לוֹמַר בָּהּ שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה לָהּ מֵאֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי דְּרָכִים: אוֹ שֶׁהָאָדָם בְּצַוּוֹתוֹ צִוָּה לָהּ בְּנֹסַח זֶה, אוֹ שֶׁהֲגַם שֶׁאָמַר סְתָם ״עֵץ הַדַּעַת״ וְגוֹ׳, חָשְׁבָה בְּדַעְתָּהּ כִּי לֹא יְצַו הָאֵל אֶלָּא עַל הַפְּרִי, כִּי הָעֵץ אֵין בּוֹ מַמָּשׁ וְלֹא תָּבֹא עָלָיו הַמִּצְוָה. וּכְבָר הִקְדַּמְנוּ מַאַמְרֵי קַדְמוֹנֵינוּ (בראשית רבה ט״ו) כִּי כָל עֲצֵי הַגָּן לֹא הָיָה טַעַם בָּעֵץ זוּלַת עֵץ הַדַּעַת שֶׁהָיָה טַעַם עֵצוֹ וְטַעַם פִּרְיוֹ שָׁוֶה. וְכָאן מוֹדִיעֵנוּ הַכָּתוּב כִּי בִּדְבַר הַמֵּסִית לְחַוָּה בָּחֲנָה חַוָּה וְשָׁלְחָה יָדָהּ וְאָכְלָה מֵהָעֵץ, לֹא מֵהַפְּרִי, כִּי חוֹשֶׁבֶת שֶׁאֵין אִסּוּר בַּדָּבָר לְאֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי הַטְּעָמִים שֶׁכָּתַבְנוּ, וְלֹא חָשְׁשָׁה לִנְגִיעָה כִּי לֹא נֶאֶסְרָה הַנְּגִיעָה אֶלָּא בַּפְּרִי עַצְמוֹ וְלֹא בָּאִילָן. אוֹ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁשָּׁלְלָה בְּדַעְתָּהּ אִסּוּר הַנְּגִיעָה לְפִי דִּבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה י״ט) שֶׁאָמְרוּ שֶׁדְּחָפָהּ וְנָגְעָה וְלֹא מֵתָה, הֶחְלִיטָה אִסּוּר הַנְּגִיעָה כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא בָּא בְּפֵרוּשׁ בְּדִבְרֵי ה׳. וַתֵּרֶא הָאִשָּׁה כִּי טוֹב הָעֵץ. פֵּרוּשׁ: גּוּף הָאִילָן וַעֲנָפָיו רָאֲתָה בָּהֶם מִדָּה מְשֻׁנָּה מִכָּל אִילָנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, זוֹ הַבְחָנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. וְלֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁטָּעֲמָה שִׁנּוּי בָּעֵץ, נָתְנָה דַּעְתָּהּ לְהִסְתַּכֵּל בְּמַרְאִית הַפְּרִי מַה שֶׁלֹּא הִסְתַּכְּלָה מִקּוֹדֶם. כְּשֶׁהֶחְלִיטָה בְּדַעְתָּהּ אֲכִילָתוֹ, כְּשֶׁרָאֲתָה הַשִּׁנּוּי נָתְנָה דַּעְתָּהּ וְרָאֲתָה הַפְּרִי כִּי תַאֲוָה הוּא לָעֵינַיִם, וְהוּא שֶׁדִּקְדֵּק הַכָּתוּב בְּאָמְרוֹ וְכִי תַאֲוָה הוּא לָעֵינַיִם. דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר תֵּבַת ״הוּא״ חוֹזֵר אֶל הַפְּרִי, שֶׁאִם חוֹזֵר אֶל הָעֵץ לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר ״הוּא״ אֶלָּא ״וְכִי תַאֲוָה לָעֵינַיִם״, וּמוּבָן שֶׁחוֹזֵר אֶל הָעֵץ כְּמוֹ שֶׁדִּקְדַּקְנוּ לְמַעְלָה. וּכְשֶׁהוֹדִיעַ הַבְחָנַת הַהַשְׂכָּלָה אָמַר ״וְנֶחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל״, דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר ״הָעֵץ״ לִהְיוֹת כִּי לֹא הָיָה בּוֹ מַאֲמָר הַסָּמוּךְ, כִּי מַאֲמָר הַסָּמוּךְ מְדַבֵּר בַּפְּרִי וְלֹא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ אֶלָּא הַבְחָנָה הַנִּכֶּרֶת בְּלֹא טְעִימָה. וַחֲלֻקָּה זוֹ שֶׁל הַהַשְׂכָּלָה אֵינָהּ נִבְחֶנֶת בְּחוּשׁ הָרְאִיָּה אֶלָּא בְּאֶמְצָעוּת הָאֲכִילָה, לָזֶה דִּקְדֵּק הַכָּתוּב לוֹמַר וְנֶחְמָד הָעֵץ, פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁאָכְלָה לְהַשְׂכִּיל שֶׁהִרְגִּישָׁה בּוֹ הַהַשְׂכָּלָה. וּבָזֶה נִתְאַמְּתוּ בְּעֵינֶיהָ דִּבְרֵי הַשָּׂטָן שֶׁאָמַר לָהּ טַעַם שֶׁהִבְדִּילָם ה׳ מֵאֲכִילָתוֹ הוּא לְבַל יִהְיוּ שָׁוִים אֵלָיו. וַתִּקַּח מִפִּרְיוֹ וַתֹּאכַל – דִּקְדֵּק לוֹמַר ״מִפִּרְיוֹ״ כִּי מֵעֵצוֹ כְּבָר אָכְלָה קוֹדֶם. וּבָזֶה נִתְיַשְּׁבוּ כָּל הַכְּתוּבִים וְכָל הַדִּקְדּוּקִים שֶׁדִּקְדַּקְנוּ עַל נָכוֹן. גַּם טַעַם לִפְעָמִים מַזְכִּיר עֵץ וְלִפְעָמִים פְּרִי. וְטַעַם שֶׁנָּתְנָה לְבַעְלָהּ הוּא לְצַד חִבָּתוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁגַּם הוּא יִהְיֶה לֵאלֹהִים וְגוֹ׳. וּמֵעַתָּה נִגְלָה לָנוּ כִּי ב׳ סִבּוֹת סִבְּבוּ מִכְשׁוֹל הָאִשָּׁה: הָא׳ הוּא בְּחָשְׁבָהּ שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱסַר לָהֶם אֶלָּא הַפְּרִי וְלֹא הָעֵץ, אֲשֶׁר לְצַד זֶה שָׁלְחָה יָדָהּ וְטָעֲמָה הָעֵץ וְנִתְקַיְּמוּ לָהּ דִּבְרֵי הַנָּחָשׁ. וְהַב׳ שֶׁלֹּא יָדְעָה בִּשְׁעַת הַצִּוּוּי כִּי הָעֵץ הוּא מַחְכִּים אוֹכְלָיו, שֶׁאִם הָיְתָה יוֹדַעַת בִּתְחִלַּת הַמִּצְוָה שֶׁעַל מְנָת כֵּן הַבּוֹרֵא מְצַוֶּה לָהּ, לֹא הָיָה נִשְׁאָר מָקוֹם לַמֵּסִית אַחַר שֶׁקִּבְּלָה עָלֶיהָ שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל אַחַר שֶׁיָּדְעָה מַעֲלָתוֹ.
The verse describes the way in which Eve was snared, and how she eventually became willing to listen to her seducer. When you examine Eve's earlier words, you will find that she said: "and from the fruit of the tree in the center of the garden, G'd' said "do not eat." She had expressed her conviction that only the fruit of the tree was forbidden, that the trunk, the branches, etc., were permitted. She may have arrived at that conviction for one of two reasons. 1) Adam had commanded her in those very words. 2) Though Adam had mentioned only the tree without specifying its fruit, etc., she reasoned that there would have been no point in forbidding something that anyways was not food, such as the trunk, the branches, and the leaves. We have pointed out earlier that whereas the other trees did not taste similar to their fruit, the tree of knowledge was the exception, its trunk, etc. being just as edible as its fruit. We must therefore assume that Eve had already tasted the tree itself, not having considered it as forbidden. She also applied the prohibition to touch it as applicable only to its fruit, not to the trunk, etc. At any rate, Eve had already experienced the taste of the tree's trunk and nothing had happened. Alternatively, she may have discounted the prohibition to touch the tree knowing that this was not a direct command from G'd Himself and would not lead to death. Having tasted from the tree itself, and having experienced that its nature was different from all the other trees, she decided to take a closer look at the fruit of that tree. It was then that she discovered that the fruit exerted a powerful visual attraction; the word הוא refers back to the word פרי, fruit. It could not refer to the word העץ, the tree, as this would be unnecessary. It would have sufficed to say וכי תאוה לעינים, if it were merely a reference to the tree. The word העץ is needed in the sequence ונחמד העץ לעינים because the subject matter had changed from the fruit to the tree. The knowledge of the nature of the tree had been based on her sense of taste, whereas her perception of the nature of the fruit was based only on her sense of sight. The Torah explains that Eve's purpose in eating of the fruit was to broaden her powers of perception. At this point Eve believed that the serpent had spoken truthfully when it claimed that as a result of eating from the fruit of that tree she would gain greater insights, and that G'd had forbidden the fruit only in order to prevent her from gaining the insight which would make her equal to G'd. The Torah emphasises that "she took from its fruit," as she had already tasted the trunk. We have now completed answering the various questions we raised about this verse. Eve gave to her husband from this fruit out of her love for him; she wanted him to share her new insights so that he too would become G'd-like. We therefore have two causes that helped to mislead Eve. The reason she may have thought that only the fruit of the tree was forbidden was because her husband had not given her precise instructions. Had her husband told her that G'd had said: "You may eat from all the trees of the garden, but from the tree of knowledge in the centre of the garden you must not eat," she would never have considered the trunk as permissible, and the fact that neither eating from it nor touching it had resulted in any harm to her would not have served as a verification of the serpent's argument. Eve's not having been aware of the attractive nature of the tree was also Adam's fault. He had not told her that G'd had described the tree as the tree of knowledge of good and evil. He had only told her not to eat from the tree in the middle of the garden, without a reference to its special nature. Had Eve been aware that the tree was of such special significance the serpent could not have tricked her, and she herself would have been unable to invoke her lack of knowledge as a reason to revoke her acceptance of G'd's command not to eat from it.