Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy
Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 31:1-3:2
The passage discusses how Moses' spirit departed from him forty days before his death, allowing him to recognize that his time had come, and explains that the names of Israel refer to the souls of the righteous, whereas the wicked lack souls and therefore are not remembered by name.
וְנִרְאֶה לְפָרֵשׁ עַל פִּי דִּבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (זוהר הקדוש חלק א׳ רי״ח.) שֶׁאָמְרוּ כִּי אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם קוֹדֶם הַפְּטִירָה נִשְׁמַת הָאָדָם הוֹלֶכֶת מִמֶּנּוּ, כְּאָמְרוֹ (שיר השירים ד:ו) ״וְנָסוּ הַצְּלָלִים״, וּמְבַקֶּרֶת מְקוֹם חֲנָיָּתָהּ בְּמָקוֹם עֶלְיוֹן, וְהַצַּדִּיקִים יַכִּירוּ בַּדָּבָר, וְצֵא וּלְמַד מֵרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר יוֹחַאי שֶׁהִכִּיר בְּרַבִּי יִצְחָק כָּאָמוּר בְּסֵפֶר הַזּוֹהַר (שם). וְאָמְרוּ עוֹד כִּי הַשֵּׁמוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל הֵם שְׁמוֹת הַנְּשָׁמוֹת. וּכְבָר הַעִירוֹתִי בָּזֶה בְּפֵרוּשׁ פָּסוּק ״וְשֵׁם רְשָׁעִים יִרְקָב״ (משלי י:ז), וּכְמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ (זוהר חדש רות פד,ג) שֶׁאֵין הָרְשָׁעִים זוֹכְרִים אֶת שְׁמָם. וְהַטַּעַם הוּא כִּי הָרָשָׁע אֵין לוֹ נֶפֶשׁ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁרָמוּז בַּפָּסוּק ״וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״ (משלי כג:ב), הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהָרָשָׁע אֵינוֹ בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ, כִּי נִשְׁבֵּית הִיא מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלָזֶה אֵין הָרְשָׁעִים מַכִּירִים אֶת שְׁמָם, כִּי אֵינָם בַּעֲלֵי נֶפֶשׁ בַּעֲלַת הַשֵּׁם.
I believe we must explain our verse by recalling the Zohar volume one page 217. We are told there that 40 days prior to man's death his נשמה leaves him. Zohar bases this on Song of Songs 4,6: ונסו הצללים, "and the shadows fled." These "shadows" search for a resting place in the celestial regions and the righteous are aware of this. It is described there that Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai was aware of the fact that Rabbi Yitzchak's soul had already departed from him while the latter was still alive. It is also mentioned there that the names of the Israelites are actually the names of their respective souls. I myself have explained this on Proverbs 10,7 "that the name of the wicked will rot." Zohar Chadash 120 interprets this to mean that the wicked will not be able to remember his name, the reason being that the wicked has no soul. Having been deprived of his soul it is not surprising that the wicked does not recall his name.