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Chassidic Insights on Parashat Devarim

Chassidic and classical sources exploring the spiritual dimensions of Parashat Devarim, including teachings on Moses' final days, the role of reproof in Torah, and the purpose of Torah study in directing human speech toward divine service.

לֹא נִיתַּן לָהֶם תּוֹרָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַעַסְקוּ בִּדְבָרִים בְּטֵלִים

3 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The Mei HaShiloach Mei HaShiloach, Devarim 1 opens with a Midrash teaching that Torah was given to Israel precisely so that human beings would not occupy themselves with empty matters — and he deepens this by explaining that God created within every human capacity a corresponding mitzvah through which one can serve Him, and since the human being was created with the power of speech, words of Torah were given as the vehicle for that faculty.

The Or HaChaim Or HaChaim on Devarim 31:1-3 draws on the Zohar's teaching that forty days before death a person's neshamah begins to depart, and that the names borne by Israel are in fact the names of their souls — a deeply personal dimension of identity rooted in the spiritual.

Source 1 · Rishonim
Verified

Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy

Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 31:1-3:2

The passage discusses how Moses' spirit departed from him forty days before his death, allowing him to recognize that his time had come, and explains that the names of Israel refer to the souls of the righteous, whereas the wicked lack souls and therefore are not remembered by name.

וְנִרְאֶה לְפָרֵשׁ עַל פִּי דִּבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (זוהר הקדוש חלק א׳ רי״ח.) שֶׁאָמְרוּ כִּי אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם קוֹדֶם הַפְּטִירָה נִשְׁמַת הָאָדָם הוֹלֶכֶת מִמֶּנּוּ, כְּאָמְרוֹ (שיר השירים ד:ו) ״וְנָסוּ הַצְּלָלִים״, וּמְבַקֶּרֶת מְקוֹם חֲנָיָּתָהּ בְּמָקוֹם עֶלְיוֹן, וְהַצַּדִּיקִים יַכִּירוּ בַּדָּבָר, וְצֵא וּלְמַד מֵרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר יוֹחַאי שֶׁהִכִּיר בְּרַבִּי יִצְחָק כָּאָמוּר בְּסֵפֶר הַזּוֹהַר (שם). וְאָמְרוּ עוֹד כִּי הַשֵּׁמוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל הֵם שְׁמוֹת הַנְּשָׁמוֹת. וּכְבָר הַעִירוֹתִי בָּזֶה בְּפֵרוּשׁ פָּסוּק ״וְשֵׁם רְשָׁעִים יִרְקָב״ (משלי י:ז), וּכְמַאֲמַר חֲכָמֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ (זוהר חדש רות פד,ג) שֶׁאֵין הָרְשָׁעִים זוֹכְרִים אֶת שְׁמָם. וְהַטַּעַם הוּא כִּי הָרָשָׁע אֵין לוֹ נֶפֶשׁ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁרָמוּז בַּפָּסוּק ״וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״ (משלי כג:ב), הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהָרָשָׁע אֵינוֹ בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ, כִּי נִשְׁבֵּית הִיא מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלָזֶה אֵין הָרְשָׁעִים מַכִּירִים אֶת שְׁמָם, כִּי אֵינָם בַּעֲלֵי נֶפֶשׁ בַּעֲלַת הַשֵּׁם.

I believe we must explain our verse by recalling the Zohar volume one page 217. We are told there that 40 days prior to man's death his נשמה leaves him. Zohar bases this on Song of Songs 4,6: ונסו הצללים, "and the shadows fled." These "shadows" search for a resting place in the celestial regions and the righteous are aware of this. It is described there that Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai was aware of the fact that Rabbi Yitzchak's soul had already departed from him while the latter was still alive. It is also mentioned there that the names of the Israelites are actually the names of their respective souls. I myself have explained this on Proverbs 10,7 "that the name of the wicked will rot." Zohar Chadash 120 interprets this to mean that the wicked will not be able to remember his name, the reason being that the wicked has no soul. Having been deprived of his soul it is not surprising that the wicked does not recall his name.

Source 2 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi on Deuteronomy 1:1-5

Rashi on Deuteronomy 1:1-5:1

Because the Torah comprises words of reproof enumerating places where Israel angered God, Moses suppresses direct mention of their sins and alludes to them only through place names out of respect for Israel; he assembles all the people together so that none can claim absence prevented them from answering his reproof.

אלה הדברים. לְפִי שֶׁהֵן דִּבְרֵי תוֹכָחוֹת וּמָנָה כָאן כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁהִכְעִיסוּ לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם בָּהֶן, לְפִיכָךְ סָתַם אֶת הַדְּבָרִים וְהִזְכִּירָם בְּרֶמֶז מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹדָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל (עי' ספרי): אל כל ישראל. אִלּוּ הוֹכִיחַ מִקְצָתָן, הָיוּ אֵלּוּ שֶׁבַּשּׁוּק אוֹמְרִים אַתֶּם הֱיִיתֶם שׁוֹמְעִים מִבֶּן עַמְרָם וְלֹא הֲשִׁיבוֹתֶם דָּבָר מִכָּךְ וְכָךְ? אִלּוּ הָיִינוּ שָׁם הָיִינוּ מְשִׁיבִים אוֹתוֹ, לְכָךְ כִּנְּסָם כֻּלָּם וְאָמַר לָהֶם הֲרֵי כֻּלְּכֶם כָּאן, כָּל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ תְשׁוּבָה יָשִׁיב (ספרי):

אלה הדברים THESE ARE THE WORDS — Because these are words of reproof and he is enumerating here all the places where they provoked God to anger, therefore he suppresses all mention of the matters in which they sinned and refers to them only by a mere allusion contained in the names of these places out of regard for Israel (cf. Sifrei Devarim 1:1; Onkelos and Targum Jonathan). אל כל ישראל [THE WORDS WHICH HE SPAKE] TO ALL ISRAEL — If he had reproved only some of them, those who were then in the street (i.e. those who were absent) might have said, “You heard from the son of Amram, and did not answer a single word regarding this and that; had we been there, we would have given him an answer!". On this account he assembled all of them, and said to them, "See, you are all here: he who has anything to say in reply, let him reply!” (Sifrei Devarim 1:6-7).

Source 3 · Hasidic
Verified

Mei HaShiloach on Deuteronomy 1

Mei HaShiloach, Volume I, Deuteronomy, Devarim 1

The midrash teaches that Torah was given to Israel specifically to prevent them from engaging in idle matters, and since every power created within a person has a corresponding mitzvah through which one can serve God, and humans were created with the power of speech, they were given Torah words to occupy themselves with.

אִיתָא בַּמִּדְרָשׁ [שוחר טוב פרק ל"ט] לֹא נִיתַּן לָהֶם תּוֹרָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַעַסְקוּ בִּדְבָרִים בְּטֵלִים. וְזֶה פֵּירוּשׁ (תהלים נ"ח,ב') "הַאֻמְנָם אֵלֶם צֶדֶק תְּדַבֵּרוּן", כִּי לְכָל הַכֹּחוֹת שֶׁנִּבְרְאוּ בָּאָדָם נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִצְוָה שֶׁיּוּכַל הָאָדָם לַעֲבוֹד בּוֹ הַש"י, וְהָאָדָם נִבְרָא בְּכֹחַ הַדִּבּוּר וְנִיתַּן לוֹ דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה לַעֲסוֹק בָּהֶם.