Israelארץ ישראל

Israel's Eternity and Ultimate Redemption

These sources explore the enduring covenant between God and Israel across exile and suffering, affirming that national separation is temporary and redemption is divinely assured. Drawing on biblical promises, rabbinic teachings, and later philosophies, they frame exile as a purposeful stage in Israel's spiritual journey rather than a rupture of the eternal bond.

לא מאסתים ולא געלתם לכלותם

14 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The foundational promise that Israel will survive even its worst exile without being abandoned is stated in Vayikra 26:44-45, where God declares that even when Israel is in the land of its enemies, He will not reject or destroy them, nor annul His covenant, but will remember the covenant with the ancestors who were redeemed from Egypt.

The irreversibility of Israel's national existence is grounded in the very structure of creation: Yirmiyahu 31:35-37 declares that only if the fixed laws of sun, moon, and stars could be annulled — or the heavens measured and the earth's foundations fathomed — would God reject all the offspring of Israel for what they have done.

The certainty of final ingathering is stated explicitly in Devarim 30:1-5, which promises that even if Israel's outcasts are at the ends of the world, God will gather them from there — a verse that the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Melachim and Wars 11:1-4) cites as the Torah's own testimony to the coming of the Messianic king, adding that one who does not await that coming denies the Torah itself.

The post-redemption bond between God and Israel will be eternal and unbreakable, as Netzach Yisrael 47 teaches: the union to come will be permanent, unlike what preceded it, because it is impossible that there should ever again be separation between God, who is the cause, and Israel, who are caused by Him.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Genesis 15:13-16

בראשית ט״ו:י״ג-ט״ז

Genesis 15:13-16

God tells Avraham that his descendants will be strangers in a foreign land, oppressed for 400 years, and then brought out with great wealth. The passage frames exile as divinely foretold and limited, with redemption guaranteed at the appointed time.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאַבְרָ֗ם יָדֹ֨עַ תֵּדַ֜ע כִּי־גֵ֣ר ׀ יִהְיֶ֣ה זַרְעֲךָ֗ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ לֹ֣א לָהֶ֔ם וַעֲבָד֖וּם וְעִנּ֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃ וְגַ֧ם אֶת־הַגּ֛וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲבֹ֖דוּ דָּ֣ן אָנֹ֑כִי וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֥ן יֵצְא֖וּ בִּרְכֻ֥שׁ גָּדֽוֹל׃

And [God] said to Abram, “Know well that your offspring shall be strangers in a land not theirs, and they shall be enslaved and oppressed four hundred years; but I will execute judgment on the nation they shall serve, and in the end they shall go free with great wealth.

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Psalms 126:1-6

תהילים קכ״ו:א׳-ו׳

Psalms 126:1-6

The psalm gives voice to the joy of return from captivity and the hope that those who sow in tears will reap in joy. It captures the emotional certainty that exile is temporary and redemption will arrive.

שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֭הֹוָה אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת צִיּ֑וֹן הָ֝יִ֗ינוּ כְּחֹלְמִֽים׃ הַזֹּרְעִ֥ים בְּדִמְעָ֗ה בְּרִנָּ֥ה יִקְצֹֽרוּ׃ הָ֘ל֤וֹךְ יֵלֵ֨ךְ ׀ וּבָכֹה֮ נֹשֵׂ֢א מֶשֶׁךְ־הַ֫זָּ֥רַע בֹּא־יָבֹ֥א בְרִנָּ֑ה נֹ֝שֵׂ֗א אֲלֻמֹּתָֽיו׃ {פ}

A song of ascents. When GOD restores the fortunes of Zion —we see it as in a dream— They who sow in tears shall reap with songs of joy. One who goes along weeping, carrying the seed-bag, shall come back with songs of joy, carrying the sheaves.

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Deuteronomy 30:1-5

דברים ל׳:א׳-ה׳

Deuteronomy 30:1-5

Moshe promises that after blessing and curse, Israel will return to God from exile and be gathered from the ends of the earth. The text explicitly links national restoration with divine mercy and covenantal faithfulness.

וְהָיָה֩ כִֽי־יָבֹ֨אוּ עָלֶ֜יךָ כׇּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה הַבְּרָכָה֙ וְהַקְּלָלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֙ אֶל־לְבָבֶ֔ךָ בְּכׇ֨ל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִדִּיחֲךָ֛ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ וְשָׁ֨ב יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֶת־שְׁבוּתְךָ֖ וְרִחֲמֶ֑ךָ וְשָׁ֗ב וְקִבֶּצְךָ֙ מִכׇּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֱפִֽיצְךָ֛ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ שָֽׁמָּה׃ אִם־יִהְיֶ֥ה נִֽדַּחֲךָ֖ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם מִשָּׁ֗ם יְקַבֶּצְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וּמִשָּׁ֖ם יִקָּחֶֽךָ׃

When all these things befall you—the blessing and the curse that I have set before you—and you take them to heart amidst the various nations to which the ETERNAL your God has banished you, then the ETERNAL your God will restore your fortunes and take you back in love. You will be brought together again from all the peoples where the ETERNAL your God has scattered you. Even if your outcasts are at the ends of the world, from there the ETERNAL your God will gather you—from there you will be fetched.

Source 4 · Tanach
Verified

Leviticus 26:44-45

ויקרא כ״ו:מ״ד-מ״ה

Leviticus 26:44-45

Even in exile and punishment, God says He will not reject or destroy Israel completely, and He will remember the covenant with the forefathers. This is a classic biblical foundation for the endurance of Israel through exile.

וְאַף־גַּם־זֹ֠את בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֞ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֗ם לֹֽא־מְאַסְתִּ֤ים וְלֹֽא־גְעַלְתִּים֙ לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם לְהָפֵ֥ר בְּרִיתִ֖י אִתָּ֑ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ וְזָכַרְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵֽאתִי־אֹתָם֩ מֵאֶ֨רֶץ מִצְרַ֜יִם לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֗ם לִהְי֥וֹת לָהֶ֛ם לֵאלֹהִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃

Yet, even then, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them or spurn them so as to destroy them, annulling My covenant with them: for I the ETERNAL am their God. I will remember in their favor the covenant with the ancients, whom I freed from the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God: I, the ETERNAL.

Source 5 · Tanach
Verified

Jeremiah 31:35-37

ירמיהו ל״א:ל״ה-ל״ז

Jeremiah 31:35-37

The prophet compares Israel's permanence to the fixed order of sun, moon, and stars, declaring that only if the cosmos were uprooted would Israel cease being a nation before God. This is one of the strongest biblical statements of Israel's eternal existence.

כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה נֹתֵ֥ן שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם חֻקֹּ֛ת יָרֵ֥חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים לְא֣וֹר לָ֑יְלָה רֹגַ֤ע הַיָּם֙ וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ גַלָּ֔יו יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ אִם־יָמֻ֜שׁוּ הַחֻקִּ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה מִלְּפָנַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה גַּם֩ זֶ֨רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׁבְּת֗וּ מִהְי֥וֹת גּ֛וֹי לְפָנַ֖י כׇּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ {ס} כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה אִם־יִמַּ֤דּוּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה וְיֵחָקְר֥וּ מוֹסְדֵי־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמָ֑טָּה גַּם־אֲנִ֞י אֶמְאַ֨ס בְּכׇל־זֶ֧רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַֽל־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}

Thus said GOD, Who established the sun for light by day, The laws of moon and stars for light by night, Who stirs up the sea into roaring waves, Whose name is GOD of Hosts: If these laws should ever be annulled by Me —declares GOD— Only then would the offspring of Israel cease To be a nation before Me for all time. Thus said GOD: If the heavens above could be measured, and the foundations of the earth below could be fathomed, only then would I reject all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done—declares GOD.

Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Taanit 5b

תענית ה׳ ב — ד"ה בָּתַר דִּסְעוּד אֲמַר לֵיהּ

Taanit 5b:9

The passage includes consoling readings of historical suffering and the assurance that God remains present with Israel in exile. It supports the idea that national pain does not negate the covenant or its final outcome.

בָּתַר דִּסְעוּד אֲמַר לֵיהּ, הָכִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ לֹא מֵת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְכִי בִּכְדִי סְפַדוּ סַפְדָּנַיָּא וַחֲנַטוּ חָנְטַיָּיא וּקְבַרוּ קַבָּרַיָּיא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִקְרָא אֲנִי דּוֹרֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאַתָּה אַל תִּירָא עַבְדִּי יַעֲקֹב נְאֻם ה׳ וְאַל תֵּחַת יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי הִנְנִי מוֹשִׁיעֲךָ מֵרָחוֹק וְאֶת זַרְעֲךָ מֵאֶרֶץ שִׁבְיָם״, מַקִּישׁ הוּא לְזַרְעוֹ: מָה זַרְעוֹ בַּחַיִּים — אַף הוּא בַּחַיִּים.

After they had eaten, Rabbi Yitzḥak said to Rav Naḥman that Rabbi Yoḥanan said as follows: Our patriarch Jacob did not die. Rav Naḥman asked him in surprise: And was it for naught that the eulogizers eulogized him and the embalmers embalmed him and the buriers buried him? Rabbi Yitzḥak replied to Rav Naḥman: I am interpreting a verse, as it is stated: “Therefore do not fear, Jacob My servant, says the Lord, neither be dismayed, Israel, for I will save you from afar, and your seed from the land of their captivity” (Jeremiah 30:10). This verse juxtaposes Jacob to his seed: Just as his seed is alive when redeemed, so too, Jacob himself is alive.

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Sanhedrin 97a

סנהדרין צ״ז א — ד"ה אֶת סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת״

Sanhedrin 97a:1

The Gemara describes the signs of the messianic era and the possibility that redemption may be delayed, yet it insists on the eventual coming of Mashiach. It balances prolonged exile with certainty that the final redemption will arrive.

אֶת סֻכַּת דָּוִיד הַנֹּפֶלֶת״. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָכִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: דּוֹר שֶׁבֶּן דָּוִד בָּא בּוֹ, תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים מִתְמַעֲטִים, וְהַשְּׁאָר עֵינֵיהֶם כָּלוֹת בְּיָגוֹן וַאֲנָחָה, וְצָרוֹת רַבּוֹת וּגְזֵרוֹת קָשׁוֹת מִתְחַדְּשׁוֹת, עַד שֶׁהָרִאשׁוֹנָה פְּקוּדָה, שְׁנִיָּה מְמַהֶרֶת לָבֹא. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שָׁבוּעַ שֶׁבֶּן דָּוִד בָּא בּוֹ, שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה מִתְקַיֵּים מִקְרָא זֶה ״וְהִמְטַרְתִּי עַל עִיר אֶחָת וְעַל עִיר אַחַת לֹא אַמְטִיר״. שְׁנִיָּה, חִיצֵּי רָעָב מִשְׁתַּלְּחִים. שְׁלִישִׁית, רָעָב גָּדוֹל, וּמֵתִים אֲנָשִׁים וְנָשִׁים וָטַף, חֲסִידִים וְאַנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֶׂה, וְתוֹרָה מִשְׁתַּכַּחַת מִלּוֹמְדֶיהָ. בִּרְבִיעִית, שׂוֹבַע וְאֵינוֹ שׂוֹבַע. בַּחֲמִישִׁית, שׂוֹבַע גָּדוֹל, וְאוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין וּשְׂמֵחִין, וְתוֹרָה חוֹזֶרֶת לְלוֹמְדֶיהָ. בְּשִׁשִּׁית, קוֹלוֹת. בִּשְׁבִיעִית, מִלְחָמוֹת. בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״כִּי יָדִין ה׳ עַמּוֹ [וְגוֹ׳] כִּי יִרְאֶה כִּי אָזְלַת יָד וְאֶפֶס עָצוּר וְעָזוּב״. אֵין בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא עַד שֶׁיִּרְבּוּ הַמָּסוֹרוֹת. דָּבָר אַחֵר: עַד שֶׁיִּתְמַעֲטוּ הַתַּלְמִידִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר: עַד שֶׁתִּכְלֶה פְּרוּטָה מִן הַכִּיס. דָּבָר אַחֵר: עַד שֶׁיִּתְיָיאֲשׁוּ מִן הַגְּאוּלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאֶפֶס עָצוּר וְעָזוּב״ – כִּבְיָכוֹל אֵין סוֹמֵךְ וְעוֹזֵר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל.

the Tabernacle of David that is fallen [hanofelet]” (Amos 9:11). That is why the Messiah is called bar nifli. Rabbi Yitzḥak said to him that this is what Rabbi Yoḥanan says: During the generation in which the Messiah, son of David, comes, Torah scholars decrease; and as for the rest of the people, their eyes fail with sorrow and grief, and troubles increase. And the harsh decrees will be introduced; before the first passes the second quickly comes. The Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to the seven-year period, i.e., the Sabbatical cycle, during which the Messiah, son of David, comes: During the first year, this verse will be fulfilled: “And I will cause it to rain upon one city and cause it not to rain upon another city” (Amos 4:7). During the second year of that period, arrows of famine will be shot, indicating that there will be famine only in certain places. During the third year there will be a great famine, and men, women, children, the pious, and men of action will die, and the Torah is forgotten by those who study it. During the fourth year there will be plenty but not great plenty. During the fifth year there will be great plenty and they will eat, and drink, and rejoice, and the Torah will return to those who study it. During the sixth year, heavenly voices will be heard. During the Sabbatical Year, wars, e.g., the war of Gog and Magog, will be waged involving the Jewish people. During the year after the conclusion of the Sabbatical Year, the son of David will come. The Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “For the Lord shall judge His people and atone for His servants, when He sees that their power is gone and there is none shut up or left” (Deuteronomy 32:36). From the phrase “their power is gone” it is derived that the son of David will not come until informers will proliferate. Alternatively, the Messiah will not come until the number of students of Torah diminishes. Alternatively, the Messiah will not come until the peruta will cease from the purse. Alternatively, the Messiah will not come until they despair from the redemption, as it is stated: “And there is none shut up or left,” as though there were no supporter or helper for the Jewish people.

Source 8 · Chazal
Verified

Berakhot 10a

ברכות י׳ א — ד"ה רָאָה בְּמַפַּלְתָּן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים

Berakhot 10a:18

The sugya teaches that even when sharp judgment appears over Israel, it must be read in light of ultimate mercy and a positive end. It is often cited as a basis for hope that divine compassion will prevail over apparent historical despair.

רָאָה בְּמַפַּלְתָּן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים, וְאָמַר שִׁירָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״יִתַּמּוּ חַטָּאִים מִן הָאָרֶץ וּרְשָׁעִים עוֹד אֵינָם בָּרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶת ה׳ הַלְלוּיָהּ״. מָה עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא — הֵבִיא יִסּוּרִים עַל חִזְקִיָּהוּ, וְאָמַר לוֹ לִישַׁעְיָהוּ: לֵךְ וּבַקֵּר אֶת הַחוֹלֶה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם חָלָה חִזְקִיָּהוּ לָמוּת וַיָּבֹא אֵלָיו יְשַׁעְיָהוּ בֶּן אָמוֹץ הַנָּבִיא וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ צְבָאוֹת צַו לְבֵיתֶךָ כִּי מֵת אַתָּה וְלֹא תִחְיֶה וְגוֹ׳״. מַאי ״כִּי מֵת אַתָּה וְלֹא תִחְיֶה״: מֵת אַתָּה — בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, וְלֹא תִחְיֶה — לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בַּהֲדֵי כַּבְשֵׁי דְרַחֲמָנָא לְמָה לָךְ? מַאי דְּמִפַּקְּדַתְּ אִיבְּעִי לָךְ לְמֶעְבַּד, וּמָה דְנִיחָא קַמֵּיהּ קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא — לַעֲבֵיד.

He witnessed in both vision and reality the downfall of the wicked and he said a song of praise, as it is stated: “Let sinners cease from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the Lord, O my soul, Halleluya” (Psalms 104:35). What did the Holy One, Blessed be He, do to effect compromise between Hezekiah and Isaiah? He brought the suffering of illness upon Hezekiah and told Isaiah: Go and visit the sick. Isaiah did as God instructed, as it is stated: “In those days Hezekiah became deathly ill, and Isaiah ben Amoz the prophet came and said to him: Thus says the Lord of Hosts: Set your house in order, for you will die and you will not live” (Isaiah 38:1). This seems redundant; what is the meaning of you will die and you will not live? This repetition means: You will die in this world, and you will not live, you will have no share, in the World-to-Come. Isaiah said to him: Why do you involve yourself with the secrets of the Holy One, Blessed be He? That which you have been commanded, the mitzva of procreation, you are required to perform, and that which is acceptable in the eyes of the Holy One, Blessed be He, let Him perform, as He has so decided.

Source 9 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Kings and Wars 11:1-4

משנה תורה, הלכות מלכים ומלחמות י״א:א׳-ד׳

Mishneh Torah, Kings and Wars 11:1-4

Rambam defines the messianic king, describes the expectation of his coming, and frames the Messianic era as a real, future historical event. This is a core halakhic source for certainty in redemption.

הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ עָתִיד לַעֲמֹד וּלְהַחְזִיר מַלכוּת דָּוִד לְיָשְׁנָהּ לַמֶּמְשָׁלָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. וּבוֹנֶה הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וּמְקַבֵּץ נִדְחֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְחוֹזְרִין כָּל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים בְּיָמָיו כְּשֶׁהָיוּ מִקֹּדֶם. מַקְרִיבִין קָרְבָּנוֹת. וְעוֹשִׂין שְׁמִטִּין וְיוֹבְלוֹת כְּכָל מִצְוָתָן הָאֲמוּרָה בַּתּוֹרָה. וְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַאֲמִין בּוֹ. אוֹ מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחַכֶּה לְבִיאָתוֹ. לֹא בִּשְׁאָר נְבִיאִים בִּלְבַד הוּא כּוֹפֵר. אֶלָּא בַּתּוֹרָה וּבְמשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ. שֶׁהֲרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הֵעִידָה עָלָיו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ל, ג) "וְשָׁב ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת שְׁבוּתְךָ וְרִחֲמֶךָ וְשָׁב וְקִבֶּצְךָ" וְגוֹ' (דברים ל, ד) "אִם יִהְיֶה נִדַּחֲךָ בִּקְצֵה הַשָּׁמָיִם" וְגוֹ' (דברים ל, ה) "וֶהֱבִיאֲךָ ה'". וְאֵלּוּ הַדְּבָרִים הַמְפֹרָשִׁים בַּתּוֹרָה הֵם כּוֹלְלִים כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרוּ עַל יְדֵי כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים. אַף בְּפָרָשַׁת בִּלְעָם נֶאֱמַר וְשָׁם נִבֵּא בִּשְׁנֵי הַמְּשִׁיחִים. בַּמָּשִׁיחַ הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהוּא דָּוִד שֶׁהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד צָרֵיהֶם. וּבַמָּשִׁיחַ הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁעוֹמֵד מִבָּנָיו שֶׁמּוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל [בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה]. וְשָׁם הוּא אוֹמֵר (במדבר כד, יז) "אֶרְאֶנּוּ וְלֹא עַתָּה" זֶה דָּוִד. (במדבר כד, יז) "אֲשׁוּרֶנּוּ וְלֹא קָרוֹב" זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ. (במדבר כד, יז) "דָּרַךְ כּוֹכָב מִיַּעֲקֹב" זֶה דָּוִד. (במדבר כד, יז) "וְקָם שֵׁבֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל" זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ. (במדבר כד, יז) "וּמָחַץ פַּאֲתֵי מוֹאָב" זֶה דָּוִד. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (שמואל ב ח, ב) "וַיַּךְ אֶת מוֹאָב וַיְמַדְּדֵם בַּחֶבֶל" (במדבר כד, יז) "וְקַרְקַר כָּל בְּנֵי שֵׁת" זֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (זכריה ט, י) "וּמָשְׁלוֹ מִיָּם עַד יָם". (במדבר כד, יח) "וְהָיָה אֱדוֹם יְרֵשָׁה" זֶה דָּוִד. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב ח, יד) "וַתְּהִי אֱדוֹם לְדָוִד לַעֲבָדִים" וְגוֹ'. (במדבר כד, יח) "וְהָיָה יְרֵשָׁה" וְגוֹ' זֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עובדיה א, כא) "וְעָלוּ מוֹשִׁעִים בְּהַר צִיּוֹן" וְגוֹ': אַף בְּעָרֵי מִקְלָט הוּא אוֹמֵר (דברים יט, ח) "אִם יַרְחִיב ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת גְּבֻלְךָ" (דברים יט, ט) "וְיָסַפְתָּ לְךָ עוֹד שָׁלֹשׁ עָרִים" וְגוֹ'. וּמֵעוֹלָם לֹא הָיָה דָּבָר זֶה. וְלֹא צִוָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְתֹהוּ. אֲבָל בְּדִבְרֵי הַנְּבִיאִים אֵין הַדָּבָר צָרִיךְ רְאָיָה שֶׁכָּל הַסְּפָרִים מְלֵאִים בְּדָבָר זֶה:

In the future, the Messianic king will arise and renew the Davidic dynasty, restoring it to its initial sovereignty. He will build the Temple and gather the dispersed of Israel. Then, in his days, the observance of all the statutes will return to their previous state. We will offer sacrifices, observe the Sabbatical and Jubilee years according to all their particulars as described by the Torah. Anyone who does not believe in him or does not await his coming, denies not only the statements of the other prophets, but those of the Torah and Moses, our teacher. The Torah testified to his coming, as Deuteronomy 30:3-5 states: God will bring back your captivity and have mercy upon you. He will again gather you from among the nations... Even if your Diaspora is at the ends of the heavens, God will gather you up from there... and bring you to the land.... These explicit words of the Torah include all the statements made by all the prophets. Reference to Mashiach is also made in the portion of Bilaam who prophesies about two anointed kings: the first anointed king, David, who saved Israel from her oppressors; and the final anointed king who will arise from his descendants and save Israel in the end of days. That passage Numbers 24:17-18 relates: 'I see it, but not now' - This refers to David; 'I perceive it, but not in the near future;" - This refers to the Messianic king; 'A star shall go forth from Jacob' - This refers to David; 'and a staff shall arise in Israel' - This refers to the Messianic king; 'crushing all of Moab's princes' - This refers to David as II Samuel 8:2 relates: 'He smote Moab and measured them with a line;' 'decimating all of Seth's descendants' - This refers to the Messianic king about whom Zechariah 9:10 prophesies: 'He will rule from sea to sea.' 'Edom will be demolished' - This refers to David as II Samuel 8:6 states 'Edom became the servants of David;' 'Seir will be destroyed' - this refers to the Messianic king as Ovadiah 1:21 prophesies: 'Saviors will ascend Mount Zion to judge the mountain of Esau....' Similarly, with regard to the cities of refuge, Deuteronomy 19:8-9 states: 'When God will expand your borders... you must add three more cities.' This command was never fulfilled. Surely, God did not give this command in vain. There is no need to cite proofs from the works of the prophets for all their books are filled with mention of this matter.

Source 10 · Rishonim
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The Kol HaTor 1:1-3

קול התור א׳:א׳-ג׳

Kol HaTor 1:1-3

The work presents a tradition of active anticipation of redemption and emphasizes that Israel's historical struggles are part of the process of geulah. It is especially relevant for the certainty that redemption is both promised and to be pursued.

א) בעמידתנו על סף האתחלתא דגאולה (ל״עת הזמיר הגיע״ לשתיתאה) לפי מצות רבנו הגר״א וברכתו הקדושה בסעד״ש צריכים אנו ללמוד ולהבין את כל דרכי העקבות דמשיחא ואת אופני המעשים אשר לפנינו ביעודו והוראותיו של רבנו הגר״א שזכה להיות נהורא דמשיח בן יוסף, לקבוץ גליות ולגלות רמזי התורה בעקבתא דמשיחא שלכך נחית משמיא [בסוד הקטן יהיה לאלף וכו׳ והוא טצ״ץ ביסוד ושורש דזיהרא עילאה במעליתא דמט״ט שר הפנים]. לרבנו נגלו כל רמזי האתחלתא וסודות העקבות דמשיחא עד הקץ האחרון ועד בכלל. על דבר הקץ האחרון כתב באריכות בביאורו על ספרא דצניעותא והשביע בשם אלקי ישראל שלא לגלות זה. ועל דבר כל העקבות של האתחלתא גילה לרבים מתלמידיו שהבטיחוהו נאמנה לעלות לציון ולהתחיל בפועל בעבודת קבוץ גליות באתערותא דלתתא בסע״ד, ועפ״י הכלל הגדול של רבנו הגר״א בספרא דצניעותא שכל מה שהי׳ הוה ויהי׳ בכל העולמות העליונים והתחתונים, כל הדברים הכלליים והפרטיים המתהוים בכל דור ודור רמוזים בתורה, כמבואר להלן בפרק ג׳ ״רמיזין קדישין״. ב) עפ״י רבנו הגר״א כל עבודת קבוץ גלויות, בנין ירושלים והרחבת ישוב אר״י להחזרת השכינה, כל עיקרי העבודה וכל פרטיה ופרטי פרטיה נאחזים ביעודו ובתפקידו של משיח, רז דאתחלתא משיח הראשון, משיח בן יוסף שהוא הכח הנסי המסייע לכל פעולה הנעשית באתערותא דלתתא על דרך הטבע, כי משיח בן יוסף מארץ, ומשיח בן דוד משמים לפי בחינת רחל ולאה כנודע בעקבות משיחא וקץ המגולה. גם מב״י עצמו הוא בב׳ בחינות. יוסף בן רחל מארץ, יוסף בן יעקב משמים. לכן חובה עלינו ללמוד ולהבין את כל קנ״ו התכונות, הכינויים וכל הבחינות והסגולות של משיח בן יוסף (כמבואר להלן פרק ב׳). להיות לנו נר לרגלנו וכשלחן ערוך על דרך המעשה ואופני העבודה אשר לפנינו בעזרת גואל ישראל במהרה. ג) עפ״י רבנו הגר״א, אם לא זכו, תתחיל האתחלתא דגאולה באתערותא דלתתא כמו שהיה בימי כורש, בימי בית שני, מסטרא דשמאלא היינו במדת הדין. שמאלו תחת לראשי שנאמר על מב״י ותהיה ברשיון מלכי האומות ואחר כך תבוא שלמות הגאולה מסטרא דימינא, היינו במדת החסד. וע״י קו הרחמים על פי הכתוב ברחמים גדולים אקבצך. עפ״י רבנו הגר״א קבוץ גלויות שבאתחלתא דגאולה באה בדרך של פדות ופדיון עפ״י הכתוב ופדויי ה׳ ישובון ובאו ציון ברנה, והוא כולו ע״י משיח בן יוסף, פדיון משעבוד הגוף ושעבוד הנפש, ישובון תרתי משמע, ישובו לציון כפי שכתוב שם, ובאו לציון, ישובון ישובו בתשובה, בסוד ששון ושמחה ישיגו.

As we stand on the threshold of the beginning of Redemption (when “the songbird’s time has arrived,” which is the year 542 of the 6th Millennium), at the Vilna Gaon’s behest and with his holy blessing, and with the help of God, we are obligated to learn and understand all the paths of the footsteps of the Mashiach and the manner of future deeds, in accord with the mission and instructions of the Vilna Gaon. The Gaon merited being the light of Mashiach ben Yosef, in order to promote the ingathering of the exiles and to reveal the hints in the Torah regarding the footsteps of the Mashiach ben Yosef. He was therefore sent down from Heaven [this is based on the words, [Isa. 60:22] “the smallest will become a thousand, ” etc., and this hints at the number 999 which is in the sefira Yesod, and the root of the Supernal Radiance (זיהרא עילאה) at the high level of the angel Metatron, who is the Angel of Interior. All the hints about the beginning of the Redemption and the secrets concerning the footsteps of the Mashiach, until and including the very end were revealed to the Gaon. He wrote about the final end at length in his commentary on the Sifra Dezniuta, adjuring others in the name of the God of Israel not to reveal it. After many of his students had promised him faithfully to go to Zion and begin working there on gathering in the exiles when the awakening starts from below, with the help of God, then the Gaon revealed to them all the steps of the beginning of the Redemption. According to a major principle of the Gaon that appears in Sifra Dezniuta, everything that was, is, and will be in all the upper and lower worlds, as well as all the general and personal things that will happen in every generation--all these are hinted at in the Torah (see below, Chapter 3, for hints in holy works). According to the Gaon, all the work involved in gathering in the exiles, building Jerusalem and broadening the settlement of the land of Israel so that the Shechina will return to it, all the principles of the work and all the major and minor details are connected to the mission and role of the first mashiach, Mashiach ben Yosef. Mashiach ben Yosef is the miraculous power who will assist every act done when the awakening starts from below, in a natural manner, because he comes from the earth. Mashiach ben David, however, will come from Heaven as revealed by the different aspects of Rachel and Leah, and as known regarding the footsteps of the Mashiach and the revealed end. Mashiach ben Yosef himself is a composite of two aspects: on the one hand, he is Yosef the son of Rachel of the land; on the other hand, he is Yosef son of Jacob from Heaven. It is therefore incumbent upon us to learn and to understand all the 156 characteristics [qualities], appellations, and all aspects and special attributes of Mashiach ben Yosef (as explained below in Chapter 2). These will be a light for our feet and direct us what to do and how, in connection with what lies ahead, with the help of the Redeemer of Israel, may it be speedily in our day. According to the Vilna Gaon, if Israel does not have the merit, then the beginning of the Redemption will occur with an awakening from below, as occurred during the time of Cyrus, during the Second Temple, as an act from the left side, that is, from the quality of Din. That is what is meant by “his left hand is under my head,” which refers to Mashiach ben Yosef. This will occur with the permission of the kings of the nations. Later on, the complete Redemption will come from the right side, that is, with the quality of Lovingkindness, and by the line of Mercy according to what is written, [Isa. 54:7] “and with abundant mercy, I will gather you.” According to the Gaon, the ingathering of exiles at the beginning of the Redemption will proceed by means of deliverance and ransom, as is written, “then the ransomed of the Lord will return, and come to Zion with glad song” [Isa. 35:10]. All this will be accomplished by Mashiach ben Yosef: The deliverance will be from enslavement of the body and enslavement of the soul. The word has two meanings: it refers to the fact that they will return to Zion as is written: “they will come to Zion.” It also refers to the fact that they will repent [ comes from the same root as repentance] as revealed by the words, “they will achieve joy and gladness.”

Source 11 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Kings and Wars 12:1-2

משנה תורה, הלכות מלכים ומלחמות י״ב:א׳-ב׳

Mishneh Torah, Kings and Wars 12:1-2

Rambam explains that the world will continue according to its natural order in the messianic era, and that the main change will be Israel's restored sovereignty and spiritual flourishing. It reinforces the final redemption as an eventual, concrete historical reality.

אַל יַעֲלֶה עַל הַלֵּב שֶׁבִּימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ יִבָּטֵל דָּבָר מִמִּנְהָגוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם. אוֹ יִהְיֶה שָׁם חִדּוּשׁ בְּמַעֲשֵׂה בְּרֵאשִׁית. אֶלָּא עוֹלָם כְּמִנְהָגוֹ נוֹהֵג. וְזֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּישַׁעְיָה (ישעיה יא, ו) "וְגָר זְאֵב עִם כֶּבֶשׂ וְנָמֵר עִם גְּדִי יִרְבָּץ" מָשָׁל וְחִידָה. עִנְיַן הַדָּבָר שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל יוֹשְׁבִין לָבֶטַח עִם רִשְׁעֵי עַכּוּ"ם הַמְשׁוּלִים כִּזְאֵב וְנָמֵר. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ה, ו) "זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת יְשָׁדְדֵם וְנָמֵר שֹׁקֵד עַל עָרֵיהֶם". וְיַחְזְרוּ כֻּלָּם לְדַת הָאֱמֶת. וְלֹא יִגְזְלוּ וְלֹא יַשְׁחִיתוּ. אֶלָּא יֹאכְלוּ דָּבָר הַמֻּתָּר בְּנַחַת עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה יא, ז) "וְאַרְיֵה כַּבָּקָר יֹאכַל תֶּבֶן". וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בְּאֵלּוּ הַדְּבָרִים בְּעִנְיַן הַמָּשִׁיחַ הֵם מְשָׁלִים. וּבִימוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ יִוָּדַע לַכּל לְאֵי זֶה דָּבָר הָיָה מָשָׁל. וּמָה עִנְיָן רָמְזוּ בָּהֶן: אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים אֵין בֵּין הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ אֶלָּא שִׁעְבּוּד מַלְכֻיּוֹת בִּלְבַד. יֵרָאֶה מִפְּשׁוּטָן שֶׁל דִּבְרֵי הַנְּבִיאִים. שֶׁבִּתְחִלַּת יְמוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ תִּהְיֶה מִלְחֶמֶת גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג. וְשֶׁקֹּדֶם מִלְחֶמֶת גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג יַעֲמֹד נָבִיא לְיַשֵּׁר יִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְהָכִין לִבָּם. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג, כג) "הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שׁלֵחַ לָכֶם אֵת אֵלִיָּה" וְגוֹ'. וְאֵינוֹ בָּא לֹא לְטַמֵּא הַטָּהוֹר. וְלֹא לְטַהֵר הַטָּמֵא. וְלֹא לִפְסל אֲנָשִׁים שֶׁהֵם בְּחֶזְקַת כַּשְׁרוּת. וְלֹא לְהַכְשִׁיר מִי שֶׁהֻחְזְקוּ פְּסוּלִין. אֶלָּא לָשׂוּם שָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג, כד) "וְהֵשִׁיב לֵב אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים". וְיֵשׁ מִן הַחֲכָמִים שֶׁאוֹמְרִים שֶׁקֹּדֶם בִּיאַת הַמָּשִׁיחַ יָבוֹא אֵלִיָּהוּ. וְכָל אֵלּוּ הַדְּבָרִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן לֹא יֵדַע אָדָם אֵיךְ יִהְיוּ עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ. שֶׁדְּבָרִים סְתוּמִין הֵן אֵצֶל הַנְּבִיאִים. גַּם הַחֲכָמִים אֵין לָהֶם קַבָּלָה בִּדְבָרִים אֵלּוּ. אֶלָּא לְפִי הֶכְרֵעַ הַפְּסוּקִים. וּלְפִיכָךְ יֵשׁ לָהֶם מַחְלֹקֶת בִּדְבָרִים אֵלּוּ. וְעַל כָּל פָּנִים אֵין סִדּוּר הֲוָיַת דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ וְלֹא דִּקְדּוּקֵיהֶן עִקָּר בַּדָּת. וּלְעוֹלָם לֹא יִתְעַסֵּק אָדָם בְּדִבְרֵי הַהַגָּדוֹת. וְלֹא יַאֲרִיךְ בַּמִּדְרָשׁוֹת הָאֲמוּרִים בְּעִנְיָנִים אֵלּוּ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. וְלֹא יְשִׂימֵם עִקָּר. שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִין לֹא לִידֵי יִרְאָה וְלֹא לִידֵי אַהֲבָה. וְכֵן לֹא יְחַשֵּׁב הַקִּצִּין. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים תִּפַּח רוּחָם שֶׁל מְחַשְּׁבֵי הַקִּצִּים. אֶלָּא יְחַכֶּה וְיַאֲמִין בִּכְלַל הַדָּבָר כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

Do not presume that in the Messianic age any facet of the world's nature will change or there will be innovations in the work of creation. Rather, the world will continue according to its pattern. Although Isaiah 11:6 states: 'The wolf will dwell with the lamb, the leopard will lie down with the young goat,' these words are a metaphor and a parable. The interpretation of the prophecy is as follows: Israel will dwell securely together with the wicked gentiles who are likened to a wolf and a leopard, as in the prophecy Jeremiah 5:6: 'A wolf from the wilderness shall spoil them and a leopard will stalk their cities.' They will all return to the true faith and no longer steal or destroy. Rather, they will eat permitted food at peace with Israel as Isaiah 11:7 states: 'The lion will eat straw like an ox.' Similarly, other Messianic prophecies of this nature are metaphors. In the Messianic era, everyone will realize which matters were implied by these metaphors and which allusions they contained. Our Sages taught: "There will be no difference between the current age and the Messianic era except the emancipation from our subjugation to the gentile kingdoms." The simple interpretation of the prophets' words appear to imply that the war of Gog and Magog will take place at the beginning of the Messianic age. Before the war of Gog and Magog, a prophet will arise to inspire Israel to be upright and prepare their hearts, as Malachi 3:22 states: 'Behold, I am sending you Elijah.' He will not come to declare the pure, impure, or to declare the impure, pure. He will not dispute the lineage of those presumed to be of proper pedigree, nor will he validate the pedigree of those whose lineage is presumed blemished. Rather, he will establish peace within the world as ibid. 3:24 continues: 'He will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children." There are some Sages who say that Elijah's coming will precede the coming of the Mashiach. All these and similar matters cannot be definitely known by man until they occur for these matters are undefined in the prophets' words and even the wise men have no established tradition regarding these matters except their own interpretation of the verses. Therefore, there is a controversy among them regarding these matters. Regardless of the debate concerning these questions, neither the order of the occurrence of these events or their precise detail are among the fundamental principles of the faith. A person should not occupy himself with the Aggadot and homiletics concerning these and similar matters, nor should he consider them as essentials, for study of them will neither bring fear or love of God. Similarly, one should not try to determine the appointed time for Mashiach's coming. Our Sages declared: 'May the spirits of those who attempt to determine the time of Mashiach's coming expire!' Rather, one should await and believe in the general conception of the matter as explained.

Source 12 · Rishonim
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Nefesh HaChayim 1:4-5

נפש החיים, שער א — ד"ה כן בדמיון זה כביכול ברא הוא

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate I:3

R. Chaim of Volozhin emphasizes the ongoing spiritual bond between Israel and God, through which the Jewish people sustain cosmic purpose even in eras of concealment. This supports the notion that exile does not sever Israel's enduring spiritual mission.

ואמרו ז"ל באיכה רבתי (בפסוק וילכו בלא כח גו') ר"ע בשם ריב"ס אומר בזמן שישראל עושין רצונו של מקום מוסיפין כח בגבורה של מעלה כד"א באלקים נעשה חיל. ובזמן שאין ישראל עושין רצונו של מקום כביכול מתישין כח גדול של מעלה דכתיב צור ילדך תשי גו'. ובכ"מ בזוה"ק דחובי ב"נ עבדין פגימו לעילא כו'. וכן להיפך כנ"ל. וזש"ה תנו עוז לאלקים. ובזוהר ר"פ בא ויהי היום ויבאו גו' להתיצב על ה' כד בעאן לקיימא על אינון עובדין דישראל על ה' ודאי קיימין. דהא כד ישראל עבדין עובדין דלא כשרן כביכול מתישין חילא דקב"ה. וכד עבדין עובדין דכשרן יהבין תוקפא וחילא לקב"ה. וע"ד כתיב תנו עז לאלקים במה בעובדין דכשרן.

And the sages said in Ei-kha Rabba (1:33, on verse 1:6): “Rabbi Azarya said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda the son of Rabbee Seemon: ‘When Israel performs God’s will, the Almighty’s power increases, as is written (Tehillim 60:14): “through God-Elohi”m we will make valor. ” And when Israel doesn’t perform God’s will, it is as if they weaken the great power of heaven, as is written (D’varim 32:18): “Rock, your children weaken You” ’.” And in a few citations in the holy Zohar we find that the sins of man cause blemishes above, and similarly the opposite occurs too, as we mentioned. And this is what the Torah says (Tehillim 68:35): “Give strength to God-Elohi”m.” And in the Zohar, at the beginning of Parshat Bo (32b) it says: “(Iyyov 1:6) ‘...And it was the day and they came... to stand before God’—When they want to denounce Israel’s actions, it is God they certainly denounce, because when Israel performs improper actions it is as if they weaken God’s power, and when they perform proper actions they add force and power to the Holy One (blessed be He). And regarding this it is written ‘Give strength to God-Elohi”m’. In what way? Via proper actions.”

Source 13 · Acharonim
Verified

Netzach Yisrael 47

נצח ישראל מ״ז

Netzach Yisrael 47

The future bond between Israel and the Holy One, blessed be He, will be eternal and unbreakable, constituting an eternal covenant unlike the earlier one, such that separation between God and Israel will be impossible.

החבור שיהיה לעתיד לישראל בהקדוש ברוך הוא יהיה לנצח, ולא יוסר הקשר הזה, ולא ינתק. הרי אמר כי החבור הזה, שהוא הארוסין, יהיה חבור עולמית, לא כמו שהיה בראשונה. כאשר תבין דברי חכמה עמוקה מאוד, תדע כי אי אפשר להיות לעתיד פירוד בין השם יתברך, שהוא העלה, ובין ישראל, שהם עלולים, מן השם יתברך.

Source 14 · Hasidic
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recovered from “Sefat Emet, Genesis, Vayishlach 5634

Sefat Emet, Vayishlach 5634

שפת אמת, בראשית, וישלח ד׳

Sefat Emet, Genesis, Vayishlach 4

The Sefat Emet reads exile and suffering as stages that deepen Israel's identity and prepare for future redemption. The teaching highlights the hidden, enduring life-force of Israel that survives concealment and will emerge in full redemption.

כי ודאי הליכתו מא"י לחוץ לארץ לחרן שהכניס עצמו במקומות החשכים. הי' כדי למצוא גם שם ההארה ולעשות מלילה יום. וכתיב ויבוא יעקב שלם שהשלים כל העולם להשי"ת.