Chassidusחסידות

Serving God With Joy: Chassidic and Mussar Teachings

Chassidic and Mussar sources teach that joyful service of God (avodas Hashem b'simcha) is both a biblical imperative and a spiritual necessity. These teachings distinguish between genuine joy connected to mitzvot and frivolous happiness, emphasizing that sadness obstructs the Divine Presence while deliberate cultivation of inner joy facilitates spiritual growth and authentic worship.

מִצְוָה גְּדוֹלָה לִהְיוֹת בְּשִׂמְחָה תָּמִיד

11 sources · 10 verified

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What the sources say

The obligation to serve God in joy is rooted in the pasuk (Devarim 28:47), whose warning against failing to serve God "in joy and gladness" is read by the Gemara (Arakhin 11a) as defining joyful service as a specific religious category, and by Shabbat 30b as the necessary condition for the Shechinah to rest — for the Divine Presence abides only from an atmosphere imbued with the joy of a mitzvah, not from sadness, laziness, or frivolity.

The Zohar, as explained by the Sulam (Vayechi 117), draws on the same pasuk of "serve the Lord with joy" to conclude that the service of the Holy One can only emerge from within joy, since the Shechinah does not rest amid sadness.

Building on this foundation, Likutei Moharan II:24 declares it a great mitzvah to always be happy and to forcefully keep depression at bay, adding that all illness that afflicts people stems only from flawed joy — making simchah not merely a mood but a central axis of spiritual health.

the Tanya (Likkutei Amarim 26) extends the point into the practical arena of avodas Hashem: just as a wrestler who is sluggish is easily defeated even if physically stronger, it is impossible to overcome one's evil inclination with the heaviness that flows from sadness, but only with the alacrity that flows from joy and a heart freed from worry.

the Tanya (Likkutei Amarim 31) further clarifies that sadness belongs to the realm of kelipat nogah rather than holiness — since "strength and gladness are in His place" — and therefore even worry over sins is appropriate only during confession, not during prayer and Torah study, which must be conducted with the joy that comes from the side of holiness exclusively.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Devarim — Ki Tavo

Deuteronomy 28:47

The foundational verse of the entire discourse on avodas Hashem b'simcha: 'tachat asher lo avadeta et Hashem Elokecha b'simcha u'vetuv levav' — the Torah itself identifies the absence of joyful service as the root cause of suffering, making simcha a biblical imperative.

תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־עָבַ֙דְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְט֣וּב לֵבָ֑ב מֵרֹ֖ב כֹּֽל׃

Because you would not serve the ETERNAL your God in joy and gladness over the abundance of everything,

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Sulam on Zohar, Vayechi 117

Sulam on Zohar, Vayechi 117

Rabbi Eleazar says that serving God must come from joy, as Scripture states "Serve the Lord with gladness" and "Come before Him with singing"; Rabbi Elazar further teaches that the Divine Presence does not dwell amid sadness, citing the example of how a musician's playing enabled prophecy to come upon Elisha.

למדנו אר"א אמר ר' אבא, כתוב עבדו את ה' בשמחה, באו לפניו ברננה, הכתוב בא להוציא, שאין עבודת הקב"ה אלא מתוך שמחה. שאמר ר' אלעזר אין השכינה שורה מתוך עצבות, שכתוב, ועתה קחו לי מנגן והיה כנגן המנגן וגו':

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Shabbat 30b

Shabbat 30b:5

The passage distinguishes between joy connected to mitzvot and frivolous joy, teaching that the Divine Presence rests upon a person only through joy that accompanies the performance of a mitzvah, not through sadness, laziness, laughter, frivolity, or idle talk, as exemplified by Elisha regaining prophecy when music was brought before him; Rav Yehuda and Rava extend this principle to ruling on halakha and preparing for sleep, respectively.

״וְשִׁבַּחְתִּי אֲנִי אֶת הַשִּׂמְחָה״ — שִׂמְחָה שֶׁל מִצְוָה. ״וּלְשִׂמְחָה מַה זֹּה עוֹשָׂה״ — זוֹ שִׂמְחָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁל מִצְוָה. לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁאֵין שְׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה לֹא מִתּוֹךְ עַצְבוּת וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ עַצְלוּת וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ שְׂחוֹק וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ קַלּוּת רֹאשׁ וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ שִׂיחָה וְלֹא מִתּוֹךְ דְּבָרִים בְּטֵלִים, אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ דְּבַר שִׂמְחָה שֶׁל מִצְוָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְעַתָּה קְחוּ לִי מְנַגֵּן וְהָיָה כְּנַגֵּן הַמְנַגֵּן וַתְּהִי עָלָיו יַד ה׳״. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: וְכֵן לִדְבַר הֲלָכָה. אָמַר רָבָא: וְכֵן לַחֲלוֹם טוֹב.

Similarly, “So I commended mirth,” that is the joy of a mitzva. “And of mirth: What does it accomplish?” that is joy that is not the joy of a mitzva. The praise of joy mentioned here is to teach you that the Divine Presence rests upon an individual neither from an atmosphere of sadness, nor from an atmosphere of laziness, nor from an atmosphere of laughter, nor from an atmosphere of frivolity, nor from an atmosphere of idle conversation, nor from an atmosphere of idle chatter, but rather from an atmosphere imbued with the joy of a mitzva. As it was stated with regard to Elisha that after he became angry at the king of Israel, his prophetic spirit left him until he requested: “But now bring me a minstrel; and it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand of the Lord came upon him” (II Kings 3:15). Rav Yehuda said: And, so too, one should be joyful before stating a matter of halakha. Rava said: And, so too, one should be joyful before going to sleep in order to have a good dream.

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Talmud Bavli — Arakhin

Arakhin 11a:11

The Gemara discusses the Levitical songs in the Temple and derives that joy and music are integral components of divine service; the Levites' song is not merely aesthetic but a halachic requirement, showing that simcha is built into the structure of avodah.

רַב מַתְנָה אָמַר מֵהָכָא: ״תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא עָבַדְתָּ אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב״, אֵיזוֹ הִיא עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁבְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב? הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר: זֹה שִׁירָה. וְאֵימָא דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״פִּקּוּדֵי ה׳ יְשָׁרִים מְשַׂמְּחֵי לֵב״! ״מְשַׂמְּחֵי לֵב״ אִיקְּרִי, ״טוֹב״ לָא אִיקְּרִי. וְאֵימָא בִּכּוּרִים, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְשָׂמַחְתָּ בְכׇל הַטּוֹב״! ״טוֹב״ אִיקְּרִי, ״טוּב לֵבָב״ לָא אִיקְּרִי.

Rav Mattana said that the source for the requirement to accompany the Temple offerings with song is derived from here: “Because you did not serve the Lord your God with joyfulness, and with goodness of heart” (Deuteronomy 28:47). What is this service of God that is performed with joyfulness and with goodness of heart? You must say that this is song. The Gemara objects: But you can say that this service is studying the words of Torah, as it is written: “The precepts of the Lord are upright, rejoicing the heart” (Psalms 19:9). The Gemara explains: Torah is indeed called a matter that rejoices the heart, but it is not called “goodness.” The Gemara objects: But you can say that the joyful service of God referred to above is the bringing of the first fruits, as it is written in that context: “And you shall rejoice in all the goodness that the Lord your God has given you” (Deuteronomy 26:11). The Gemara answers: Bringing the first fruits is indeed called goodness, but it is not called something that involves goodness of heart.

Source 5 · Hasidic
Verified

Ohev Yisrael — Rebbe Avraham Yehoshua Heschel of Apt

Ohev Yisrael, Bo, Tavo

When afflictions come upon a person, if his mind and intellect are properly settled within him, he does not regard those afflictions as anything in his eyes, because he truly knows and believes that everything is goodness from the Holy One blessed be He, and he sometimes perceives the good that will result from it over time.

כי כשבא אל האדם יסורים וצרות ח"ו. אז אם דעתו ושכלו מיושבין עליו אינם נחשבין היסורין בעיניו לכלום. כי יודע ומאמין באמת שהכל הוא טובות מאתו ית' וית'. וגם כי לפעמים יראה בעיניו הטוב שימשך לו מזה לאחר זמן כנודע.

Source 6 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya — Likkutei Amarim

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 26:1

The Alter Rebbe explains that sadness and heaviness of heart must be banished during the time of avodah and Torah, and that a person should deliberately choose times for self-examination versus times of pure, joyful service — the two must never be conflated.

בְּרַם, כְּגוֹן דָּא צָרִיךְ לְאוֹדוֹעֵי כְּלָל גָּדוֹל: כִּי כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּצָּחוֹן לְנַצֵּחַ דָּבָר גַּשְׁמִי, כְּגוֹן: שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים הַמִּתְאַבְּקִים זֶה עִם זֶה לְהַפִּיל זֶה אֶת זֶה, הִנֵּה, אִם הָאֶחָד הוּא בְּעַצְלוּת וּכְבֵדוּת – יְנוּצַּח בְּקַל וְיִפּוֹל גַּם אִם הוּא גִּבּוֹר יוֹתֵר מֵחֲבֵירוֹ, כָּכָה מַמָּשׁ בְּנִצְחוֹן הַיֵּצֶר, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לְנַצְּחוֹ בְּעַצְלוּת וּכְבֵדוּת – הַנִּמְשָׁכוֹת מֵעַצְבוּת וְטִמְטוּם הַלֵּב כָּאֶבֶן, כִּי אִם, בִּזְרִיזוּת – הַנִּמְשֶׁכֶת מִשִּׂמְחָה וּפְתִיחַת הַלֵּב, וְטָהֳרָתוֹ מִכָּל נִדְנוּד דְּאָגָה וָעֶצֶב בָּעוֹלָם. וּמִקְרָא מָלֵא דִּבֶּר הַכָּתוּב: ״תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא עָבַדְתָּ אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וְגוֹ׳״, וְנוֹדָע לַכֹּל פֵּירוּשׁ הָאֲרִ״י זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה עַל פָּסוּק זֶה: אַךְ הָעַצְבוּת מִמִּילֵּי דִשְׁמַיָּא צָרִיךְ לָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשׁוֹ לִיפָּטֵר מִמֶּנָּה, אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בִּשְׁעַת עֲבוֹדָה, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַעֲבוֹד ה׳ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב, אֶלָּא אֲפִילוּ מִי שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל עֲסָקִים וְדֶרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, אִם נוֹפֵל לוֹ עֶצֶב וּדְאָגָה מִמִּילֵּי דִשְׁמַיָּא בִּשְׁעַת עֲסָקָיו, בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהוּא תַּחְבּוּלַת הַיֵּצֶר – כְּדֵי לְהַפִּילוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ בְּתַאֲווֹת חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, כַּנּוֹדָע, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן, מֵאַיִן בָּאָה לוֹ עַצְבוּת אֲמִיתִּית מֵחֲמַת אַהֲבַת ה׳ אוֹ יִרְאָתוֹ, בְּאֶמְצַע עֲסָקָיו.

Truly this should be made known as a cardinal principle, that as with a victory over a physical obstacle, such as in the case of two individuals who are wrestling with each other, each striving to throw the other—if one is lazy and sluggish he will easily be defeated and thrown, even though he be stronger than the other, exactly so is it in the conquest of one’s evil nature; it is impossible to conquer it with laziness and heaviness, which originate in sadness and in a heart that is dulled like a stone, but rather with alacrity which derives from joy and from a heart that is free and cleansed from any trace of worry and sadness in the world. Furthermore, Scripture states it explicitly: “Because you did not serve the L–rd your G–d with joyfulness…”—and everyone is familiar with the commentary of the Arizal on this verse. As for the sadness which is connected with heavenly matters, one must seek ways and means of freeing oneself from it, to say nothing of the time of Divine service, when one must serve G–d with gladness and a joyful heart. But even if he is a man of commerce and worldly affairs, should there enter into him any melancholy or anxiety about heavenly matters during the time of his business affairs, it is clearly a machination of evil impulse in order to lure him afterward into lusts, G–d forbid, as is known. For were it not so, whence would a genuine sadness, which is one that is derived from love or fear of G–d, come to him in the midst of his business affairs?

Source 7 · Hasidic
Verified

Likutei Moharan — Rebbe Nachman of Breslov

Likutei Moharan, Part II.24.1:1

Rebbe Nachman teaches that it is a great mitzvah to always be b'simcha, and that depression and melancholy are extremely harmful to the soul's service of Hashem; one must force oneself into joy even through seemingly silly means (mitzvah gedolah lihyot b'simcha tamid).

מִצְוָה גְּדוֹלָה לִהְיוֹת בְּשִׂמְחָה תָּמִיד, וּלְהִתְגַּבֵּר לְהַרְחִיק הָעַצְבוּת וְהַמָּרָה שְׁחֹרָה בְּכָל כֹּחוֹ. וְכָל הַחוֹלַאַת הַבָּאִין עַל הָאָדָם, כֻּלָּם בָּאִין רַק מִקִּלְקוּל הַשִּׂמְחָה. כִּי יֵשׁ עֲשָׂרָה מִינֵי נְגִינָה, שֶׁהֵם בְּחִינַת שִׂמְחָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (תהילים צ״ב:ה׳): עֲלֵי עָשׂוֹר וְכוּ' כִּי שִׂמַּחְתַּנִי ה' בְּפָעֳלֶךָ וְכוּ'.

It is a great mitzvah to always be happy, and to make every effort to determinedly keep depression and gloom at bay. All the illnesses that afflict people are due only to flawed joy. For there are ten types of song, which are synonymous with joy, as in “Upon a ten-stringed instrument… For You caused me to rejoice by Your deeds…” (Psalms 92:4–5).

Source 8 · Hasidic
Verified

Kedushat Levi — Rav Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev

Kedushat Levi, Deuteronomy, For Rosh HaShanah

The passage teaches that all creation trembles before the day of judgment, but a person who settles themselves need not fear, since the Creator is a father who surely judges His children for good; moreover, when a person serves God they need not fear anything, but when they momentarily cease from serving God they must then act to elevate the holy sparks in service of the Creator.

הכלל, כל המלאכים וכל חיות הקודש כולם חרדים מיום הדין וכן האדם כל אבר ואבר חרד מיום המשפט אך אם האדם מיישב עצמו אין לו פחד, כי הבורא ברוך הוא אב ואב בודאי שופט בנו לרב טוב לכל הטובות. והנה בשעה שאדם עובד ה' אז אינו מתירא משום דבר ואינו צריך לעשות שום פעולה אך בשעה שיצא רגע אחת לפעמים מעבודת ה' צריך לפעול אז להרים הנצוצות שיעבדו הבורא ברוך הוא.

Source 9 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya — Likkutei Amarim

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 31:2

The Alter Rebbe addresses the obligation to serve Hashem with joy even when one feels spiritually low, teaching that sadness (atzvus) is a major obstacle to avodah and that one can achieve simcha by recognizing that even being in the 'middle' is a great spiritual standing worthy of gladness.

וְאַף שֶׁעַצְבוּת הִיא מִצַּד קְלִיפַּת נוֹגַהּ, וְלֹא מִצַּד הַקְּדוּשָּׁה, כִּי בְּצַד הַקְּדוּשָּׁה כְּתִיב: ״עוֹז וְחֶדְוָה בִּמְקוֹמוֹ״, וְ״אֵין הַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ שִׂמְחָה״ ״וְכֵן לִדְבַר הֲלָכָה וְכוּ׳״, אֶלָּא, שֶׁאִם הָעַצְבוּת הִיא מִמִּילֵּי דִשְׁמַיָּא, הִיא מִבְּחִינַת טוֹב שֶׁבְּנוֹגַהּ. [וְלָכֵן כָּתַב הָאֲרִ״י זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה, שֶׁאֲפִילוּ דַּאֲגַת הָעֲוֹנוֹת אֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה כִּי אִם בִּשְׁעַת הַוִּידּוּי, וְלֹא בִּשְׁעַת הַתְּפִלָּה וְתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת בְּשִׂמְחָה שֶׁמִּצַּד הַקְּדוּשָּׁה דַּוְוקָא] וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָבֹא לִידֵי שִׂמְחָה אֲמִיתִּית. דְּהַיְינוּ, שֶׁזֹּאת יָשִׁיב אֶל לִבּוֹ לְנַחֲמוֹ בְּכִפְלַיִים, אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים וְהָאֱמֶת הָאֵלֶּה הַנִּזְכָּרִים לְעֵיל, לֵאמֹר לְלִבּוֹ: ״אֱמֶת הוּא כֵּן בְּלִי סָפֵק, שֶׁאֲנִי רָחוֹק מְאֹד מֵה׳ בְּתַכְלִית, וּמְשׁוּקָּץ וּמְתוֹעָב כוּ׳, אַךְ כָּל זֶה הוּא אֲנִי לְבַדִּי, הוּא הַגּוּף עִם נֶפֶשׁ הַחִיּוּנִית שֶׁבּוֹ, אֲבָל מִכָּל מָקוֹם, יֵשׁ בְּקִרְבִּי ״חֵלֶק ה׳״ מַמָּשׁ, שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ אֲפִילוּ בְּקַל שֶׁבְּקַלִּים, שֶׁהִיא נֶפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית עִם נִיצוֹץ אֱלֹקוּת מַמָּשׁ הַמְלוּבָּשׁ בָּהּ לְהַחֲיוֹתָהּ, רַק שֶׁהִיא בִּבְחִינַת גָּלוּת, וְאִם כֵּן, אַדְּרַבָּה, כָּל מַה שֶּׁאֲנִי בְּתַכְלִית הָרִיחוּק מֵה׳ וְהַתִּיעוּב וְשִׁיקּוּץ הֲרֵי נֶפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית שֶׁבִּי בְּגָלוּת גָּדוֹל יוֹתֵר, וְהָרַחֲמָנוּת עָלֶיהָ גְּדוֹלָה מְאֹד, וְלָזֶה אָשִׂים כָּל מְגַמָּתִי וְחֶפְצִי – לְהוֹצִיאָהּ וּלְהַעֲלוֹתָהּ מִגָּלוּת זֶה, לַהֲשִׁיבָהּ אֶל בֵּית אָבִיהָ כִּנְעוּרֶיהָ, קוֹדֶם שֶׁנִּתְלַבְּשָׁה בְּגוּפִי, שֶׁהָיְתָה נִכְלֶלֶת בְּאוֹרוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ וּמְיוּחֶדֶת עִמּוֹ בְּתַכְלִית, וְגַם עַתָּה כֵּן – תְּהֵא כְּלוּלָה וּמְיוּחֶדֶת בּוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, כְּשֶׁאָשִׂים כָּל מְגַמָּתִי בְּתוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת, לְהַלְבִּישׁ בָּהֶן כָּל עֶשֶׂר בְּחִינוֹתֶיהָ כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל, וּבִפְרָט בְּמִצְוַת תְּפִלָּה, לִצְעוֹק אֶל ה׳ בַּצַּר לָהּ מִגָּלוּתָהּ בְּגוּפִי הַמְשׁוּקָּץ, לְהוֹצִיאָהּ מִמַּסְגֵּר, וּלְדָבְקָה בּוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ״. וְזֹאת תִּהְיֶה עֲבוֹדָתוֹ כָּל יָמָיו בְּשִׂמְחָה רַבָּה, הִיא שִׂמְחַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ בְּצֵאתָהּ מֵהַגּוּף הַמְתוֹעָב, ״וְשָׁבָה אֶל בֵּית אָבִיהָ כִּנְעוּרֶיהָ״, בִּשְׁעַת הַתּוֹרָה וְהָעֲבוֹדָה, וּכְמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: לִהְיוֹת כָּל יָמָיו בִּתְשׁוּבָה.

For although sadness stems from the realm of kelipat nogah and not from that of holiness, since in regard to holiness it is written, “Strength and gladness are in His place,” and “the Divine Presence (Shechinah) abides only in joy…as is the case also in the study of halachah,” and so on, except that if the sadness comes from reflections about celestial [i.e., spiritual] things, it is derived from the realm of goodness that is in nogah [hence the Arizal wrote that even worry about sins is only fitting during confession but not during prayer and Torah study, which should be conducted with joy derived from the side of holiness, exclusively]— Following this he will attain true joy when he will reflect in his heart and gain a double measure of comfort, in view of what has been said above in truth, saying to himself: “Truly and without doubt I am far removed from G–d, and I am abominable and loathsome, and so on. Yet all this is myself alone, that is to say, the body with its vivifying soul. Yet, there is within me a veritable part of G–d, which is found even in the most worthless of the worthless, namely, the divine soul with a spark of veritable G–dliness which is clothed in it and animates it, except that it is, as it were, in [a state of] exile. Therefore, on the contrary, the further I am separated from G–d, and the more contemptible and loathsome, the deeper in exile is my divine soul, and the more greatly is she to be pitied; therefore I shall make it my whole aim and desire to extricate her and liberate her from this exile, in order to return her ‘to her Father’s house as in her youth,’ before she was clothed in my body, when she was absorbed in His light, blessed be He, and completely united with Him. Now she will again be thus absorbed and united with Him, blessed be He, if I will bend my whole aim toward the Torah and the commandments, to clothe therein all her ten faculties, as mentioned above, especially in the precept of prayer, to cry to the L–rd in her distress of exile in my despicable body, to liberate her from her prison, that she may attach herself to Him, blessed be He.” And this shall be his service all his life in great joy, the joy of the soul in her release from the despised body and “returning to her Father’s house as in her youth,” when engaged in Torah and prayer. Indeed, the Rabbis, of blessed memory, have said that one should be in a state of repentance throughout one’s life.

Source 10 · Hasidic
idea-grounded

Likkutei Torah — Alter Rebbe (Rav Shneur Zalman of Liadi)

Likkutei Torah, Sukkot 2:10

The Alter Rebbe expounds on 'tachat asher lo avadeta b'simcha' and explains how simcha is rooted in bitul (self-nullification before Hashem), and that true joy in divine service comes from the soul's awareness of its divine source — the nefesh ha'Elokit — which is intrinsically joyful.

Source 11 · Modern
Verified

Chovat HaTalmidim — Rav Kalonymus Kalman Shapira (Piaseczner Rebbe)

Chovat HaTalmidim 12:4

The Piaseczner Rebbe teaches young students that cultivating an inner simcha is a discipline — one trains oneself to find joy in Torah and mitzvos by developing sensitivity to the Divine Presence, and that sadness is the enemy of genuine religious growth.

ואם תשאל מה זאת חסידות,‏ ובמה גדול כח החסיד העובד את ד׳, על עובד ד׳ שאינו חסיד.‏ דע לך שא״א לבאר לך עוד את הדבר,‏ מפני שאין החסידות דבר של שכל לבד לבארו,‏ השכל אשר בחסידות הוא רק חלק אחד ממנה,‏ ובא רק עם העבודה,‏ וכמו שא״א לבאר בשכל את ענין הנבואה,‏ כי רק הנביא ידע מה היא,‏ ואצלו היתה כ״כ פשוטה עד שלא הבין למה גם זולתו לא יראה,‏ כמו שאמר הנביא: ד׳ אלקים דבר מי לא ינבא ‏(עמוס ג׳ ח').‏ שלא הבין מי הוא אשר לא ינבא כשד׳ דבר, כן גם החסידות שהיא התגלות איזה ניצוץ מניצוץ הנבואה אשר באיש ישראל ‏(כמו שאיתא בגמרא פסחים, ישראל וכו׳ בני נביאים הם)‏. א״א לבארה בשכל לבד לא עבודתה ולא ראיתה,‏ איך חסיד אמיתי מתפלל,‏ מתלהב ומקשר את נפשו אז בקדושה עילאה, ואיך מסתכל הוא בתורה ומצות את ההדור נאה זיו העולם, וכי ניצוץ שכינת עוזו גם על העולם כלו פרוש, ואף החסיד בעצמו בשעה שמתעלה ומתלהב,‏ מסתכל ורואה והדבר אצלו פשוט וודאי,‏ ואח״כ אם נופל גם א״ע ואת ראיתו הקדומה אינו מבין.‏ אבל כל זה עוד ממך והלאה בחור ישראל לע״ע,‏ רב וגדול יותר מערכך לדעת אף לחפוץ ענינים כאלה, אבל לקצה החסידות כבר באת ובקצה המטה מיערת הדבש כבר טעמת אם התחלת להכניס את דברינו אל קרבך,‏ וכשתתמיד לעבוד בזה,‏ תהי׳ אי״ה חסיד, בצל שדי תחסה,‏ ומזיו שכינתו עליך יפרוש. לא כן אתם תלמידים כאשר בדרכי החסידות תסתגלו,‏ נפשכם תתעורר ותתתגלה,‏ נצוצי הגן עדן בכם יבריקו,‏ את קדוש ישראל אשר בתורה תרגישו ומזיו שכינתו תהנו,‏ והי׳ זה שכרכם ומזה כחכם יתחזק ויתאמץ ללמוד שעות הרבה ובעמקות רבה, אל תדמו שטועים אנו לאמור,‏ שעד מהרה תתהפכו לאנשי קודש ללמוד תורה לשמה בלא שום תקוה לקבל פרס,‏ לא להרויח בה אף לא להתכבד בה,‏ שרק הצדיקים הגדולים זוכים לה,‏ אין אנו טועים בזה אבל דומה הדבר,‏ לאב שאוהב את בנו ומרוב אהבתו רואה בו הרבה מעלות,‏ עד שאינו מבין למה גם אחרים זולתו אינם אוהבים אותו בשביל מעלותיו, ובאמת יכול להיות שגם מעלה אחת מכל אלו אין בו,‏ רק אהבת נפשו פנימה מתלבשת במוחו ומגרה את דעתו לטובת בנו, שיראה בו מעלות טובות, הן בתורה ישנן כל התקוות הטובות אף הגופניות,‏ אבל לא בשבילן אתה הוגה אף קשור בה,‏ ואף אם בדעתך רק בשבילן אתה קשור,‏ מ״מ יסוד ראיות ותקוות אלו,‏ אהבתך והתקשרות נפשך בתורה היא,‏ אשר תתלבש במוחך ותגרה את דעתך לטובת התורה, שתראה בה רב טוב, גם גופניות, צדיקים גדולים אשר גם את נפשם גם את גופם קדשו ולתורה ועבודת ד׳ מסירים הם בנפשם וגם בדעתם,‏ רק בשביל אהבתם לתורה ועבודה ילמדו ויעבדו, ואתה בחור שעוד בדעת מוח גופך,‏ את עצמך תדע וטובת עצמך וגופך תחשוב,‏ לכן גם אהבת נפשך פנימה אשר לתורה ולעבודת ד׳,‏ במוחך במחשבות ודעת עצמך יתלבש,‏ לראות בה מעלות ותקוות הטובות לך,‏ וגם בשלא לשמה שלך הלשמה מלובשת, ואפשר רמזו חז״ל‏ בזה,‏ לעולם יעסוק אדם בתורה ומצוות אע״פ שלא לשמה,‏ שמתוך שלא לשמה בא לשמה.‏ תיבת בא קאי על הלשמה,‏ כאילו הי׳ כתיב ב א ה,‏ באיזה שלא לשמה יעסוק,‏ בזו שגם הלשמה באה עמה וטמון בה.

And if you should ask, "What is Chassidut and what is the advantage of a chassid who serves God, over one who is not a chassid who serves God" - know that it is impossible to explain the matter to you any more, since Chassidut is not just an intellectual matter that bears explanation. As the intellectual component of Chassidut is only one part of it, and it comes only with work. It is just like it is impossible to intellectually explain the content of prophecy - for only the prophet knows what it is. And for him, it was so simple that he did not understand why others did not see it - as the prophet said (Amos 3:8), "the Lord God has spoken, who can but prophesy?" For he did not understand how someone could not prophesy when God spoke. So too is Chassidut, which is the revelation of a certain spark of a spark of prophecy that is found in the Jew (as it is stated in the Gemara, Pesachim 66a, "Israel... are the sons of prophets."). It is impossible to only explain it intellectually - not its service and not the way it looks [at things] - how a chassid prays, enthuses and connects his spirit with the higher holiness and how he sees the pleasant beauty of the Radiance of the world in the Torah and in the commandments and how a spark of the power of the Divine Presence hovers over the whole world. And so too when the chassid himself is elevated and enthused, he sees the matter with him as simple and certain. But afterwards if he falls, he no longer understands his previous [state] or vision. However all of this is beyond you for right now, Jewish young man. It is bigger and greater than your place to know or even want things like these. But if you have internalized our words, you have already reached the tip of Chassidut and you have already tasted 'from the honeycomb with the tip of the staff.' And if you are consistent in working on this, you will, God willing, become a chassid - you will be shielded in the shadow of God, and the power of the Divine Presence will hover over you. But you students are not like this. Once you become used to the ways of Chassidut, your spirits will be aroused and revealed; sparks of the Garden of Eden will sparkle in you; you will feel the Holy One in the Torah and enjoy the radiance of His Divine Presence. And that will be your reward - from it, you will derive the stamina to exert yourself and study for many hours and with great depth. Do not let it appear to you that we are making a mistake and saying that you will quickly be transformed into holy people that study Torah for its own sake without any hope of receiving reward - not to earn something from it or to be esteemed through it. For only great tzaddikim merit this. We are not making such a mistake. Rather the matter is similar to a father who loves his son. And from his great love for his son, he sees many virtues in him. So much so that he doesn't understand why others besides him do not love him for his virtues as well. But in fact it is possible that [the son] does not even have one of these virtues. It is just that [the father's] intense inner love encases itself in his brain and prompts his mind to benefit his son, such that he should see positive virtues in him. True, the Torah includes all good aspirations - even physical ones. But it is not because of them that you pore over it and are even attached to it. And, even if in your mind, it is only for them that you are attached, the foundation of these perceptions and aspirations of yours is nevertheless your love and your spirit's connection to the Torah. It is this which is encased in your brain and prompts your mind to benefit the Torah, such that you see all the good in it - even the physical good. [It is true that] the great tzaddikim, who have sanctified both their spirits and their bodies and give over their spirits and minds to Torah and to serving God, will study and serve only because of their love for the Torah and divine service. However you, young man - your body is still in the mind of your brain. You know yourself - and you think about your own good and the good of your body. Therefore even the inner love of your spirit for the Torah and for God's service is encased in thinking about yourself, to see virtues and [the fulfillment of] good aspirations for you through it. So that even in your 'not for its own sake,' there is 'for its own sake' encased in it. And it is possible that the Sages, may their memory be blessed, hinted to this [when they said] (Pesachim 7b), "A person should always engage in Torah and the commandments, even not for their own sake; as through the not for their own sake, one comes to for their own sake." The word, "comes," is referring to the 'for its own sake' (as opposed to the person engaging in it, which is the standard reading), as it if were written, bet, (alef,) hay: In which [type of] 'not for its own sake' should one engage? In one in which the 'for its own sake' comes with it and is covered by it.