ספר החינוך רצ״ו:א׳-ב׳ — ד"ה מִצְוַת קִדּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם – שֶׁנִּצְטַוִּינוּ לְקַדֵּשׁ
Chinuch explains that sanctifying the Name entails surrendering one’s life rather than violating the commandments in certain circumstances, especially idolatry and its related prohibitions, sexual immorality and its related prohibitions, and murder.
מִצְוַת קִדּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם – שֶׁנִּצְטַוִּינוּ לְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הַשֵּׁם. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב לב) וְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁנִּמְסֹר נַפְשֵׁנוּ לָמוּת עַל קִיּוּם מִצְוֹת הַדָּת. וּכְבָר בֵּאֲרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה מִפִּי הַקַּבָּלָה וּמִן הַכְּתוּבִים בְּאֵי זֶה עִנְיָן וּבְאֵיזוֹ מִצְוָה נִצְטַוִּינוּ בָּזֶה, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה וָחַי בָּהֶם, דְּמַשְׁמַע וְלֹא שֶׁיָּמוּת בָּהֶם כְּבָר קִבְּלוּ הֵם, שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר מִקְרָא זֶה בְּכָל עִנְיָן וּבְכָל עֲבֵרָה. וּמִפִּי הַקַּבָּלָה אָנוּ חַיִּין בְּכָל דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה. וּבְפֵרוּשׁ אָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (סנהדרין עד, א), כִּי שָׁלֹשׁ מִצְוֹת הֵם שֶׁחַיָּב הָאָדָם שֶׁיֵּהָרֵג וְאַל יַעֲבֹר בָּהֶם לְעוֹלָם, וְהֵם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְכָל אַבִּזְרַהָא. כְּלוֹמַר, כָּל עִנְיָן שֶׁלָּהּ, הָאָסוּר לָנוּ מִכֹּחַ הַלָּאוִין הַמְּיֻחָדִין בָּהּ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנְּפָרֵשׁ לְמַטָּה בְּעֶזְרַת הַשֵּׁם. וְכֵן גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת וְכָל אַבִּזְרַהָא, וּשְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים: שֶׁאִם יֹאמְרוּ לוֹ לָאָדָם עֲבֹד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה אוֹ נַהֲרָגְךָ יֵהָרֵג וְאַל יַעַבְדָהּ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלִּבּוֹ תָּמִים בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ בְּיִרְאַת הַשֵּׁם, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן נִצְטַוָּה שֶׁיֵּהָרֵג וְאַל יַעֲשֶׂה הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרַע הַהוּא וְלֹא יִתֵּן מָקוֹם אֶל הַמַּעֲבִיר לַחְשֹׁב שֶׁהוּא כָּפַר בַּשֵּׁם, וּלְשׁוֹן סִפְרָא (אמור ח ו) עַל מְנָת כֵּן הוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, שֶׁתַּקְדִּישׁוּ אֶת שְׁמִי בְּרַבִּים. וּכְמוֹ כֵן בַּשְּׁתַּיִם שֶׁזָּכַרְנוּ, יֵהָרֵג וְאַל יַעֲבֹר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ. שֹׁרֶשׁ מִצְוָה זוֹ, יָדוּעַ כִּי הָאָדָם לֹא נִבְרָא רַק לַעֲבֹד בּוֹרְאוֹ וּמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹסֵר גּוּפוֹ עַל עֲבֹדַת אֲדוֹנָיו אֵינֶנּוּ עֶבֶד טוֹב, וַהֲרֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם יִמְסְרוּ נַפְשׁוֹתָם עַל אֲדוֹנֵיהֶם, קַל וָחֹמֶר עַל מִצְוַת מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא.
The commandment of sanctification of the Name: That we were commanded to sanctify the Name, as it is stated (Leviticus 22:32), “and I will be sanctified in the midst of the Children of Israel” — meaning to say that we surrender our souls for the observance of the commandments of the religion. And they, may their memory be blessed, have already elucidated from the tradition and from the verses in which manner and for which commandment, we are commanded about this. And even though it is written in the Torah, “and live by them” (Leviticus 18:5), which implies, and not that you should die by them — they already received that this verse is not stated in every matter and for every sin. And [it is] through the tradition that we live in all [the] words of the Torah. And in explanation, they, may their memory be blessed, said (Sanhedrin 74a) that there are three commandments which one is always obligated to be killed and not transgress them. And these are: idolatry and any of its trappings — meaning, all of its matters that are prohibited on the strength of its specific negative commandments, as we will explain below with God’s help; and also, sexual immorality and all of its trappings; and murder. Such that if they say to a person, “Worship idolatry or we will kill you,” he should be killed and not worship. Even though his heart is pure in his faith with the fear of God, nonetheless he is commanded that he be killed and not commit this evil act, and not give room to the assailant to think that he has denied God. And the language of Sifra, Emor, Chapter 9:6, “For this reason I took you out of the land of Egypt, so that you will publicly sanctify My name.” And likewise for the other two that we mentioned — he must be killed and not transgress, as we said. The root of this commandment is well known. As Man was only created to serve his Creator. And one who does not sacrifice his body in the service of his master is not a good servant. And behold [since] people do give their souls for their masters, all the more so [should we] for the commandment of the King of kings, the Holy One, blessed be He.