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The Torah records two separate censuses of the Israelites—one in Exodus 30 involving the half-shekel contribution, and another in Numbers 1 organized by tribes for the wilderness journey. Classical commentators explain the different purposes of these countings and why God repeatedly counted Israel despite the spiritual risks involved in direct enumeration.
מִתּוֹךְ חִבָּתָן לְפָנָיו מוֹנֶה אוֹתָם כָּל שָׁעָה