Kiddushin 47a
קידושין מ״ז א — ד"ה אָמַר רַב
Kiddushin 47a:10
The Mishnah and Gemara discuss a case in which a man betroths a woman with a loan (mekadesh b'milvah), distinguishing money that is already owed from an actual object or benefit given at the time of kiddushin. The sugya presents the central dispute and its conceptual basis.
אָמַר רַב: הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה – אֵינָהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת, מִלְוָה לְהוֹצָאָה נִיתְּנָה. נֵימָא כְּתַנָּאֵי: הַמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּמִלְוֶה – אֵינָהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת. מַאי לָאו בְּהָא קָמִיפַּלְגִי, דְּמָר סָבַר מִלְוָה לְהוֹצָאָה נִיתְּנָה, וּמָר סָבַר מִלְוָה לָאו לְהוֹצָאָה נִיתְּנָה? וְתִסְבְּרָא?! אֵימָא סֵיפָא: וְשָׁוִים בְּמֶכֶר שֶׁזֶּה קָנָה. אִי אָמְרַתְּ מִלְוָה לְהוֹצָאָה נִיתְּנָה, בְּמַאי קָנֵי?! אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: הוּנָא חַבְרִין מוֹקֵים לַהּ בְּמִילֵּי אוּחְרֵי, וְהָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן — כְּגוֹן שֶׁאָמַר לַהּ: ״הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בְּמָנֶה״ וְנִמְצָא מָנֶה חָסֵר דִּינָר. מָר סָבַר: כְּסִיפָא לַהּ מִילְּתָא לְמִיתְבְּעֵיהּ. וּמָר סָבַר: לָא כְּסִיפָא לַהּ מִילְּתָא לְמִיתְבְּעֵיהּ.
§ Rav says: With regard to one who betroths a woman with a loan, she is not betrothed, since a loan is given to be spent. Consequently, from the moment the money is lent it no longer belongs to the lender, and he cannot betroth a woman with it. The Gemara suggests: Let us say that this is subject to a dispute between tanna’im, as it was taught in a baraita: With regard to one who betroths a woman with a loan, she is not betrothed, and some say she is betrothed. What, is it not that they disagree with regard to this: One Sage holds that a loan is given to be spent, and one Sage holds that a loan is not given to be spent? The Gemara questions this suggestion: And how can you understand it that way? Say the latter clause of that same baraita: And they agree with regard to the case of a sale that he acquires it. Although they disagree as to whether one can betroth a woman with a loan he has given her, they agree that a lender can purchase an item from the debtor in exchange for forgiving the money he has lent him. If you say that a loan is given to be spent, with what has he acquired it? There is no money with which to effect an acquisition. No proof can be derived from this baraita, which cannot be understood as stated. Rav Naḥman says: Our colleague Rav Huna interprets the baraita as referring to other matters and not as referring to a straightforward case of a loan. And with what are we dealing here? A case where he said to her: Be betrothed to me with one hundred dinars, and it was found to be one hundred dinars less one dinar, the missing dinar is considered to be a loan that he has taken from her. One Sage, who said the woman is not betrothed, holds that the matter is embarrassing for her, preventing her from claiming the final dinar from him, and since he has failed to fulfill his statement she is not betrothed. And one Sage, who said that she is betrothed, holds that the matter is not embarrassing for her and is not preventing her from claiming the final dinar. He is therefore considered to have fulfilled his statement and borrowed one dinar from her, which he will repay in due course, but she is nevertheless betrothed.




