Makkot 21a
מכות כ״א א — ד"ה וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּיב עַד שֶׁיִּטְּלֶנּוּ בְּתַעַר
Makkot 21a:6
One is liable for shaving the beard only when using a razor, which destroys hair from the root; shaving with scissors, tweezers, or a plane does not incur liability.
וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּיב עַד שֶׁיִּטְּלֶנּוּ בְּתַעַר. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וּפְאַת זְקָנָם לֹא יְגַלֵּחוּ״, יָכוֹל אֲפִילּוּ גַּלָּחוֹ בְּמִסְפָּרַיִם יְהֵא חַיָּיב? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לֹא תַשְׁחִית״. אִי ״לֹא תַשְׁחִית״, יָכוֹל אִם לִקְּטוֹ בְּמַלְקֵט וּרְהִיטָנִי יְהֵא חַיָּיב? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לֹא יְגַלֵּחוּ״. הָא כֵּיצַד – גִּילּוּחַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ הַשְׁחָתָה, הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר זֶה תַּעַר.
The mishna teaches: And one is liable for marring the edges of his beard only if he removes the hair with a razor. The Sages taught a halakhic midrash: The verse states: “And the edge of their beard they may not shave” (Leviticus 21:5). One might have thought that for any manner of shaving, even if he shaved the beard with scissors, he would be liable; therefore, the verse states: “You may not mar the edge of your beard” (Leviticus 19:27), indicating that one is liable only for shaving that destroys the hair from the root, which is not the case with scissors. If the verse had stated only: “You may not mar,” one might have thought that even if he removed the hair with tweezers or with a plane he would be liable to receive lashes, as they destroy the hair from its roots; therefore, the verse states: “They may not shave,” indicating that only hair removal by means of shaving is prohibited, and that is not accomplished with a tweezers and a plane. How so? Based on these two verses, for what form of hair removal is one liable? One is liable only for shaving that involves marring. You must say that this is shaving with a razor.




