Shabbatשבת

Seeing the Stars in the Sukkah

Jewish law addresses whether a sukkah's covering should allow visibility of stars and sunlight. Sources discuss the balance between adequate shade and openness, and whether a densely covered sukkah remains valid.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין הַכּוֹכָבִים נִרְאִין מִתּוֹכָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה

12 sources · 9 verified

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What the sources say

The core standard for kosher sekhakh density traces to the mishnah and baraita in Sukkah 22b, which teaches that a sukkah so thick that stars cannot be seen is still fit, but Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel dispute a sukkah so thick that even the sun's rays cannot penetrate.

Kitzur Shulchan Arukh Yalkut Yosef, Orach Chaim 631:1 rules that the accepted position follows the lenient view of Beit Hillel, so a sukkah is kosher even if no stars or sunlight are visible through it, though one should preferably thin the sekhakh so rain could pass through if possible.

Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Sukkot 2:3) similarly holds that ideally stars or at least sunlight should be visible through the sekhakh, but be-di'avad even total opacity to light is kosher, while sekhakh so thick that rain cannot penetrate at all is subject to a stricter concern following Rabbeinu Tam, which one should defer to except under pressing circumstances.

Mishnah Berurah 631:5 explains that the 'large stars' referred to are those visible even by day before sunset, and cites the Maharil's leniency that a very dense sukkah is still assumed to have enough cracks and gaps for stars to be seen through it, so one who is lenient here does not lose out.

Rav Gavriel Zinner (Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 19) states that the sekhakh should ideally be thin enough for stars to be seen through it at night, though it suffices if they can be seen by looking through gaps, and some opinions are lenient even without visible stars provided flashes of light can be seen.

Rav Gavriel Zinner (Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 20) adds that the sukkah need not have enough openings for the stars to be visible unaided, and it suffices that a person can see them by looking through the openings, noting that one great rabbi's teacher himself covered his sukkah with exceptionally thick sekhakh.

Rav Shmuel Wosner (Shevet HaLevi 1:49) addresses whether one may rely on seeing a single star at night, raising the concern that a second star might subsequently appear, and cites the Rambam as favoring stringency even when one star is already visible.

The requirement that the sekhakh itself, rather than a tree or roof, cover the sitter is rooted in the derivation from mist in Sukkah 11b and in Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Sukkot 2:9), who rules that a sukkah built under a roof or a tree is invalid because the sky itself must be open above the sekhakh, a point also reflected in the discussion of a sukkah built beneath a tree in Sukkah 23a.

Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 2a

סוכה ב׳ א — ד"ה אָמַר רַבָּה

Sukkah 2a:8

The opening discussion of tractate Sukkah explains the legal meaning of dwelling in a sukkah, including the requirement that the sukkah’s covering provide shade. This is the principal Talmudic locus for the sukkah’s physical covering and visibility of the sky.

אָמַר רַבָּה, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דוֹרוֹתֵיכֶם כִּי בַסּוּכּוֹת הוֹשַׁבְתִּי אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, עַד עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה, אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא דָּר בַּסּוּכָּה, לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה — אֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁדָּר בַּסּוּכָּה, מִשּׁוּם דְּלָא שָׁלְטָא בַּהּ עֵינָא. רַבִּי זֵירָא אָמַר מֵהָכָא: ״וְסוּכָּה תִּהְיֶה לְצֵל יוֹמָם מֵחוֹרֶב״, עַד עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אָדָם יוֹשֵׁב בְּצֵל סוּכָּה, לְמַעְלָה מֵעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה — אֵין אָדָם יוֹשֵׁב בְּצֵל סוּכָּה אֶלָּא בְּצֵל דְּפָנוֹת.

Rabba said that it is derived as the verse states: “So that your future generations will know that I caused the children of Israel to reside in sukkot when I took them out of the land of Egypt” (Leviticus 23:43). In a sukka up to twenty cubits high, even without a concerted effort, a person is aware that he is residing in a sukka. His eye catches sight of the roofing, evoking the sukka and its associated mitzvot. However, in a sukka that is more than twenty cubits high, a person is not aware that he is residing in a sukka because his eye does not involuntarily catch sight of the roof, as at that height, without a concerted effort one would not notice the roofing. Rabbi Zeira said that it is derived from here: The verse states: “And there shall be a sukka for shade in the daytime from the heat, and for refuge and cover from storm and from rain” (Isaiah 4:6). In a sukka up to twenty cubits high, a person is sitting in the shade of the sukka, i.e., the shade of the roofing; in a sukka that is more than twenty cubits high, a person is not sitting in the shade of the roofing of the sukka but rather in the shade of the walls of the sukka, as their considerable height provides constant shade, rendering the shade of the roofing irrelevant.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 11b

סוכה י״א ב — ד"ה זֶה הַכְּלָל

Sukkah 11b:14

Chachmei Bavel derive the rule that sukkah roofing must be made from material incapable of ritual impurity and grown from the ground by comparing it to the mist rising from the earth, then question how this derivation applies according to Rabbi Akiva’s view that the Israelites made actual sukkot rather than being surrounded by clouds of glory.

זֶה הַכְּלָל: כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁמְּקַבֵּל טוּמְאָה כּוּ׳. מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ, אָמַר קְרָא: ״וְאֵד יַעֲלֶה מִן הָאָרֶץ״. מָה אֵד — דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טוּמְאָה וְגִידּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ, אַף סוּכָּה — דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין מְקַבֵּל טוּמְאָה וְגִידּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ. הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד הָיוּ. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר סוּכּוֹת מַמָּשׁ עָשׂוּ לָהֶם, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר? דְּתַנְיָא: ״כִּי בַסּוּכּוֹת הוֹשַׁבְתִּי אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד הָיוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: סוּכּוֹת מַמָּשׁ עָשׂוּ לָהֶם. הָנִיחָא לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר?

§ We learned in the mishna: This is the principle with regard to the roofing of a sukka: One may not roof the sukka with anything that is susceptible to ritual impurity or whose growth is not from the ground. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters with regard to the roofing of a sukka derived? Reish Lakish said that the verse states: “And there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the entire face of the ground” (Genesis 2:6); just as mist, i.e., a cloud, is a substance not capable of contracting ritual impurity, and its growth is from the ground, i.e., arises from the ground, so too, the roofing of the sukka must consist of a substance that is not susceptible to ritual impurity and its growth is from the ground. Since the mitzva of sukka evokes the clouds of glory with which God enveloped the Israelites in the desert, the legal status of roofing should be like that of a cloud. The Gemara asks: This works out well according to the one who said that the sukkot mentioned in the verse: “I made the children of Israel to reside in sukkot” (Leviticus 23:43), were clouds of glory, as it is reasonable that the roofing of the sukka is modeled after clouds. However, according to the one who said that the children of Israel established for themselves actual sukkot in the desert, and the sukkot of today commemorate those, what can be said? According to that opinion, there is no connection between a sukka and a cloud. As it is taught in a baraita that the verse states: “I made the children of Israel to reside in sukkot”; these booths were clouds of glory, this is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Akiva says: They established for themselves actual sukkot. This works out well according to Rabbi Eliezer; however, according to Rabbi Akiva what can be said?

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 22b

סוכה כ״ב ב — ד"ה מְעוּבָּה כְּמִין בַּיִת

Sukkah 22b:8

Chachmei Bavel state that a sukka with thick roofing remains fit even when the stars cannot be seen, while Beit Shammai disqualify it if sunlight is also not visible and Beit Hillel permit it.

מְעוּבָּה כְּמִין בַּיִת. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַמְעוּבָּה כְּמִין בַּיִת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין הַכּוֹכָבִים נִרְאִין מִתּוֹכָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה. אֵין כּוֹכְבֵי חַמָּה נִרְאִין מִתּוֹכָהּ — בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין.

The mishna continues: A sukka whose roofing is thick like a type of house is fit. The Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to a sukka whose roofing is thick like a type of house, although it is so dense that the stars are not visible from within it, the sukka is fit. However, if it is so thick that the rays of the sun are also not visible from within it, Beit Shammai deem the sukka unfit and Beit Hillel deem it fit.

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 23a

סוכה כ״ג א — ד"ה זֶה הַכְּלָל

Sukkah 23a:1

Chachmei Bavel state that a sukkah is fit and may be entered on Yom Tov if it would remain standing on its own were the supporting tree removed.

זֶה הַכְּלָל: כׇּל שֶׁיִּנָּטֵל הָאִילָן וִיכוֹלָה לַעֲמוֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה וְעוֹלִין לָהּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב.

The mishna summarizes that this is the principle: Any case where, were the tree removed, the sukka would be able to remain standing in and of itself, it is fit, and one may ascend and enter it on the Festival, since the tree is not its primary support.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 11a

סוכה י״א א — ד"ה לִישָּׁנָא אַחֲרִינָא אָמְרִי לַהּ

Sukkah 11a:2

Chachmei Bavel record Shmuel’s view that sleeping under a bridal canopy in the sukka is permitted when it lacks a roof, but a baraita challenges this by ruling that a canopy or posts rising ten handbreadths above the bed invalidate the sukka, even without a roof.

לִישָּׁנָא אַחֲרִינָא אָמְרִי לַהּ, אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: מוּתָּר לִישַׁן בְּכִילַּת חֲתָנִים בַּסּוּכָּה לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ גַּג, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה. מֵיתִיבִי: הַיָּשֵׁן בְּכִילָּה בַּסּוּכָּה — לֹא יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ! הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן — בְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ גַּג. תָּא שְׁמַע: נַקְלִיטִין שְׁנַיִם, וְקִינוֹפוֹת אַרְבָּעָה, פֵּירַס עַל גַּבֵּי קִינוֹפוֹת — פְּסוּלָה, עַל גַּבֵּי נַקְלִיטִין — כְּשֵׁרָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ נַקְלִיטִין גְּבוֹהִין מִן הַמִּטָּה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. הָא גְּבוֹהִין מִן הַמִּטָּה עֲשָׂרָה — פְּסוּלָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ גַּג!

Some say another version of the previous discussion: Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: It is permitted to sleep inside a netted bridal canopy in the sukka since it is inclined and does not have a roof, even though it is ten handbreadths high. The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: One who sleeps in a bed with netting inside the sukka did not fulfill his obligation. The Gemara answers: With what are we dealing here in the baraita? It is with a bed with netting in a case where, unlike a bridal canopy, it has a roof. Come and hear another question from what we learned: Naklitin are two posts and kinofot are four posts. If one spread a sheet over four posts, the sukka is unfit; if he spread a sheet over two posts the sukka is fit, provided the two posts are not ten handbreadths higher than the bed. It can be inferred from here: But if they are higher than ten handbreadths the sukka is unfit even though it has no roof, contrary to the opinion of Shmuel.

Source 6 · Acharonim
Verified

Mishnah Berurah 631

משנה ברורה תרל״א — ד"ה (ה) הכוכבים הגדולים - היינו הנראים

Mishnah Berurah 631:5

The standard practical companion to the laws of s'chach, explaining the required proportion of shade and sunlight and related concerns about gaps, coverings, and the sukkah’s roof.

(ה) הכוכבים הגדולים - היינו הנראים ביום בעוד שלא שקעה חמה והאחרונים כתבו דלכתחלה בעינן דאפילו בלילה יראו כוכבי לילה בתוכה ובד"מ הביא בשם מהרי"ל דמותר לסכך הסוכה עב הרבה דא"א שלא יראו בה כוכבים אע"ג דבלילה אינו רואה הכוכבים מ"מ ביום איכא חורים וסדקים בכמה מקומות עכ"ל ועיין בספר בכורי יעקב דהמקיל כוותיה לא הפסיד ובפרט היכי שיש לחוש דאם יעשה הסכך דק יותר ינשב הרוח יותר תוך הסכך ויצטער ברוח ובצינה. ועיין בפמ"ג שכתב דאפשר לענין ראיית הכוכבים די בכל הסוכה אם הוא רואה רק במקום אחד משא"כ באם היה מעובה הרבה מאוד עד שאין הגשם יכול לירד בתוכו למ"ד דפסולה כל שיש ד' טפחים ביחד סכך פסול מקרי: (ו) אע"פ שאין הכוכבים וכו' - ר"ל לא גדולים ולא קטנים. וכתבו האחרונים דמ"מ אם היא מעובה כ"כ עד שאין הגשמים יכולים לירד בתוכה אפילו כשיורדין גשמים מרובים וא"כ הוי כעין בית יש להחמיר ולפסול משום גזירת בית. ומ"מ בדיעבד כאשר א"א ליטול קצת מהסכך מפני איזה סיבה יש לסמוך על המכשירין:

Source 7 · Modern
External

Rav Gavriel Zinner (Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 20)

נטעי גבריאל, סוכות פרק כ׳

Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 20

The passage states that the sukkah need not have enough openings for the stars to be visible unaided; it suffices that a person can see them by looking through the openings, and it mentions that Rabbi Shlomo’s teacher covered his sukkah with exceptionally thick s’chach.

On this pageThe passage states that the sukkah need not have enough openings for the stars to be visible unaided; it suffices that a person can see them by looking through the openings, and it mentions that Rabbi Shlomo’s teacher covered his sukkah with exceptionally thick s’chach.

Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 20 — page scan on HebrewBooks
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Source 8 · Modern
External

Rav Gavriel Zinner (Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 19)

נטעי גבריאל, סוכות פרק י״ט

Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 19

The passage states that the sechach should be thin enough for stars to be seen through it at night, though it suffices if they can be seen by looking through gaps; some opinions are lenient even when no stars are visible, provided flashes of light can be seen.

On this pageThe passage states that the sechach should be thin enough for stars to be seen through it at night, though it suffices if they can be seen by looking through gaps; some opinions are lenient even when no stars are visible, provided flashes of light can be seen.

Nitei Gavriel, Sukkos, perek 19 — page scan on HebrewBooks
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Source 9 · Modern
External

Rav Shmuel Wosner (Shevet HaLevi 1:49)

שבט הלוי, ח״א סי׳ מ״ט

Shevet HaLevi 1:49

The passage discusses whether one may rely on seeing a single star at night, adding a concern that a second star might appear after the first is observed, and cites the Rambam as indicating stringency even with one star.

On this pageThe passage discusses whether one may rely on seeing a single star at night, adding a concern that a second star might appear after the first is observed, and cites the Rambam as indicating stringency even with one star.

Shevet HaLevi 1:49 — page scan on HebrewBooks
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Source 10 · Modern
Verified

Kitzur Shulchan Arukh Yalkut Yosef, Orach Chaim 631:1

קיצור שלחן ערוך ילקוט יוסף, Orach Chaim תרל״א:א׳ — ד"ה יש לעשות את הסיכוך של הסוכה

Kitzur Shulchan Arukh Yalkut Yosef, Orach Chaim 631:1

Rav Yitzchak Yosef states that sukkah roofing should ideally allow the large stars to be seen, though a densely covered sukkah remains valid; if rain cannot penetrate, the sukkah is still acceptable according to Maran’s ruling and one may recite “leishev basukkah,” but it is preferable to reduce the roofing when possible.

יש לעשות את הסיכוך של הסוכה באופן שיראו ממנו הכוכבים הגדולים (שנראים אף ביום) , ואם היתה מעובה כמין בית אף על פי שאין הכוכבים נראים מתוכה, ואפילו ניצוצי השמש אין נראים מתוכה, אף על פי כן כשרה. (ש"ע סי' תרלא ס"ג) . ואם היתה מעובה כל כך, שאף אם יש גשמים מרובים, אינם יכולים לרדת לתוכה, יש פוסלים, ויש מכשירים. ודעת מרן כדברי המכשירים. ואנן אתכא דמרן סמכינן, ויכול גם לברך עליה "לישב בסוכה". אך לכתחלה ראוי לחוש לכל הדעות, ולכן אם אפשר למעט מן הסכך, עד שיהא אפשר שאם יהיו גשמים רבים יוכלו לרדת בתוכה, טוב הדבר למעט. [ילקו"י מועדים עמו' קל. חזון עובדיה על הלכות סוכה עמ' לד]

Source 11 · Modern
Verified

Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Sukkot 2:3)

פניני הלכה, סוכות ב׳:ג׳

Peninei Halakhah, Sukkot 2:3

The passage states that ideally the sekhakh should provide shade while allowing stars at night or at least sunlight by day to be seen through it; even completely opaque sekhakh is valid after the fact, though sekhakh that blocks rain may render the sukka invalid, with leniency in pressing circumstances.

לכתחילה טוב שהסכך יעשה צל רב, כדי שיהיה נעים לשבת בסוכה, אבל מנגד לא יהיה מעובה מדי כדרך בית קבע. כלומר, לכתחילה טוב שיוכלו לראות דרכו כוכבים בלילה, או לכל הפחות נצנוצי חמה ביום. אמנם בדיעבד, גם אם הסכך אטום לגמרי עד ששום קרן חמה אינה חודרת דרכו – הסכך כשר (שו"ע או"ח תרלא, ג). ואם הסכך אטום עד שגם גשם לא יכול לחדור בעדו, יש אומרים שהסוכה פסולה, מפני שהיא אטומה כדירת קבע (ר"ת). ויש לחוש לדעתם. אמנם בשעת הדחק, כשלא ניתן לדלל את הסכך, כגון בשבת וחג, אפשר לשבת בסוכה זו ואף לברך על ישיבתה.

Le-khatḥila, the sekhakh should provide plenty of shade, so that it is pleasant to sit in the sukka. At the same time, it should not be so thick that it is like a permanent home. That is, ideally it is preferable that stars be visible through the sekhakh at night, or at least sunlight should be visible during the day. Be-di’avad, however, even if no ray of sun can penetrate the sekhakh, it is still kosher (SA 631:3). If the sekhakh is so thick that even rain cannot penetrate, some maintain that the sukka is invalid, because it is like a permanent home (Rabbeinu Tam). One should defer to this view. However, under pressing circumstances, when it is impossible to thin the sekhakh, such as on Shabbat and Yom Tov, one may sit in such a sukka and even recite the berakha upon doing so.3According to many poskim, le-khatḥila it is sufficient for the sun’s rays to be visible through the sekhakh (Rashi, Ran, Me’iri, and others). Rambam says that le-khatḥila one must be able to see at night the larger stars that are visible even during the day. Others say that at night, le-khatḥila one must be able to see even regular stars through the sekhakh (Baḥ; Korban Netanel). In cold climates, there are grounds to permit thickening the sekhakh to the point that only the sun’s rays during the day remain visible (Maharil; Bikurei Yaakov; MB 631:5). Sometimes people unsuccessfully try to see stars through the sekhakh at night, and they feel bad that they are not fulfilling the mitzva in the optimal way. In truth, however, as long as there are openings in the sekhakh, the sukka is mehudar; the stars are not visible because the area is lit up or because one’s pupils have not yet adjusted to the dark. According to Rabbeinu Tam, if rain cannot penetrate the sekhakh, the sukka is invalid, while according to Rosh, Rashi, and Yere’im, it is kosher. The lenient ruling is also implicit in all the Rishonim who do not mention this new requirement. Nevertheless, several Rishonim and Aḥaronim write that it is proper to follow the stringency of Rabbeinu Tam, though under pressing circumstances one may be lenient (Birkei Yosef 631:2; MB 631:6). The implication is that one may even recite the berakha, following Radbaz’s view (2:229) that once a sukka has been deemed kosher, one recites the berakha in it, and we do not apply the rule that “when uncertain about berakhot we are lenient.” This is also the opinion of Shevet Ha-Levi (7:60) and Ḥazon Ovadia, p. 37. See Harḥavot.

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Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Sukkot 2:9)

פניני הלכה, סוכות ב׳:ט׳

Peninei Halakhah, Sukkot 2:9

The passage states that a sukka must be built under the open sky so that the sekhakh alone shelters those inside; a sukka under a roof or tree is invalid.

הלכות סוכה / הסוכה צריכה להיות תחת כיפת השמיים הסוכה צריכה לעמוד תחת כיפת השמיים, כדי שהסכך יהיה זה שיסוכך על היושב בה ולא דבר אחר. לפיכך, העושה סוכתו תחת תקרת הבית או תחת האילן – סוכתו פסולה (סוכה ט, ב).

9. The Sukka Must Be Under the Open Sky The sukka must be built under the open sky so that the sekhakh and nothing else covers those sitting inside. Thus, if one builds a sukka under a roof or a tree, it is invalid (Sukka 9b).

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  • דרך הסיכוך להיות קל כדי שיראו ממנו הכוכבים הגדולים היתה מעובה כמין בית אע"פ שאין הכוכבים נראים מתוכה כשרה:

    Same passage as Kitzur Shulchan Arukh Yalkut Yosef, Orach Chaim 631:1

  • מַתְנִי׳ סוּכָּה הַמְדוּבְלֶלֶת וְשֶׁצִּילָּתָהּ מְרוּבָּה מֵחַמָּתָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה. הַמְעוּבָּה כְּמִין בַּיִת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין הַכּוֹכָבִים נִרְאִין מִתּוֹכָהּ — כְּשֵׁרָה.

    Same passage as Sukkah 22b:8

  • על א מ דנן דעל עיי״ש. ובאממ דלפי״ז ימיישב מ״ש הרב המניא בס T ורו סדר הכנסמ שבח בסוגר, דבעח עליימ עה״ש נראה בעליל שהרקיע מלא כוכבים ולא ג׳ כוכבים בלבד וככה הוא ודאי בסוף הילוך ד׳ מילין אחר השקיעה, וצאמ וראיימ ג׳ כוכבים

  • לאותות - רגעים, או על קדרות הלבנה והשמש ודילוג דמות הכוכבים, כי הכוכבים סבת דמות הנראה.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • Chagigah 12bunverified

    רקיע שבו חמה ולבנה כוכבים ומזלות קבועין, שנאמר ויתן אותם אלקים ברקיע השמים.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • בסוכות תשבו, פירש בזוהר הקדש על האושפיזין, ובאמת הוא מצוה שצוה אותנו הקב"ה שבכחנו להושיב האושפיזין בסוכה, לכן אומרים תיבו אושפיזין על ידי שמקיימים המצוה לשמו יתברך שורה הקדושה בסוכה, כמו שאמרו ז"ל שחל שם שמים על הסוכה, והוא מעין השראת השכינה... דהנה בראש השנה ויום הכפורים מבקשין בני ישראל על התגלות מלכותו יתברך בעולם, כי עיקר שכינה בתחתונים היה, ועל ידי הרשעים עלתה למעלה, ובני ישראל בזמן המקדש זכו להוריד השכינה למטה, וכמו שכתוב בצלו חמדתי וישבתי, וכמו כן עתה אף על פי שאין זוכין להתגלות השכינה בפרהסיא, מכל מקום כפי הבקשות בלב שלם בראש השנה וביום הכפורים ומתקיים בצלו חמדתי, כן בסוכה וישבתי... והנה בכל שנה יש בחירה חדשה משמים לבני ישראל, כמו שכתוב במדרש ואבדיל אתכם וכו' בורר וחוזר ובורר, ומסתמא בכל שנה מוציאין בני ישראל נצוצי קדושה מכל האומות, שזה תכלית הגלות עד שיתבררו כל הבירורים, ויהיה תיקון השלם במהרה בימינו, ולכן, כמו שכתוב ביציאת מצרים וגם ערב רב עלה, ולכן ויהי בשלח וגו' ויסב אלקים וגו', כמו כן יש עתה ימי הסוכות להגן על אותן הניצוצות שנתדבקו בבני ישראל, וזהו עצמו ענין הע' פרים בחג...

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • Filed under: ראתה ע"י בדיקת עד

  • Filed under: Eating in the Sukkah

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