recovered from “Talmud Shabbat 116b”
Shabbat
שבת קט״ז ב — ד"ה וּמִפְּנֵי מָה אֵין קוֹרִין כּוּ׳
Shabbat 116b:3-5
The passage discusses a dispute between Rav and Shmuel regarding whether one may read from the Ketuvim (Writings) on Shabbat, with Rav permitting it outside the study hall and Shmuel distinguishing between times when the study hall is in session versus when it is not.
וּמִפְּנֵי מָה אֵין קוֹרִין כּוּ׳. אָמַר רַב: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא בִּזְמַן בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, אֲבָל שֶׁלֹּא בִּזְמַן בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ — קוֹרִין. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בִּזְמַן בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ אֵין קוֹרִין. אִינִי?! וְהָא נְהַרְדְּעָא אַתְרֵיהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל הֲוָה, וּבִנְהַרְדְּעָא פָּסְקִי סִידְרָא בִּכְתוּבִים בְּמִנְחֲתָא דְשַׁבְּתָא. אֶלָּא אִי אִיתְּמַר, הָכִי אִיתְּמַר — אָמַר רַב: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא בִּמְקוֹם בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. אֲבָל שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ — קוֹרִין. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: בֵּין בִּמְקוֹם בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, בִּזְמַן בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ — אֵין קוֹרִין, שֶׁלֹּא בִּזְמַן בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ — קוֹרִין. וְאַזְדָּא שְׁמוּאֵל לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּבִנְהַרְדְּעָא פָּסְקִי סִידְרָא דִכְתוּבִים בְּמִנְחֲתָא דְשַׁבְּתָא. רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: לְעוֹלָם כְּדַאֲמַרַן מֵעִיקָּרָא, וּשְׁמוּאֵל כְּרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה. דְּתַנְיָא: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֵין קוֹרִין בָּהֶן — אֲבָל שׁוֹנִין בָּהֶן וְדוֹרְשִׁין בָּהֶן. נִצְרַךְ לְפָסוּק — מֵבִיא וְרוֹאֶה בּוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה: מִפְּנֵי מָה אָמְרוּ כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֵין קוֹרִין בָּהֶן — כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ: בְּכִתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֵין קוֹרִין, וְכׇל שֶׁכֵּן בְּשִׁטְרֵי הֶדְיוֹטוֹת.
We learned in the mishna: And why does one not read the Writings on Shabbat? Due to suspension of Torah study in the study hall. Rav said: They only taught that it is prohibited to read from the Writings on Shabbat during the hours of study in the study hall; but when it is not during the hours of study in the study hall, one may read them. And Shmuel said: Even when it is not the hours of study in the study hall one may not read from the Writings on Shabbat. The Gemara asks: Is that so? Wasn’t Neharde’a Shmuel’s place where he was the rabbi of the town, and in Neharde’a they concluded their regular weekly discourse with Writings on Shabbat afternoon. Rather, if a dispute was stated in this matter, it was stated as follows: Rav said: It was only taught that there is a prohibition in a place where there is a study hall nearby that people can attend; but not in a place where there is a study hall, one may read Writings. And Shmuel said: Whether it is in the place of the study hall or it is not the place of the study hall, one may not read anywhere when it is during the hours of study in the study hall; but when it is not during the hours of study in the study hall, one may read. And Shmuel follows his line of reasoning stated elsewhere, as in Neharde’a they would conclude their studies with Writings on Shabbat afternoon. Rav Ashi said: Actually, the dispute is as we stated initially, and Shmuel said what he said in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Neḥemya. As it was taught in a baraita: Although the Sages said with regard to sacred writings that they may not be read on Shabbat, one may study the midrash on them and teach them before the congregation; if one requires a verse that is written in the Writings, he brings a book and looks in it. Rabbi Neḥemya said: Why did they say that sacred writings are not read on Shabbat? So that people will say: Sacred writings may not be read, all the more so that is the case with ordinary documents, i.e., contracts and letters. If so, according to Rabbi Neḥemya, reading any sacred writings on Shabbat is prohibited so that people will refrain from reading non-sacred documents on Shabbat. It was not prohibited to encourage attendance the study hall. Shmuel himself does not hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Neḥemya.


