The midrash reads Avraham’s descent to Egypt as part of the divinely arranged sequence through which his descendants would later descend there, thereby foreshadowing the Egyptian exile and redemption. It treats the famine and descent as providential rather than as abandonment of the divine mission.
וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ (בראשית יב, י), רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חָנִין דְּצִפּוֹרִין פָּתַח (תהלים צד, יב): אַשְׁרֵי הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר תְּיַסְּרֶנּוּ יָהּ, וְאִם בָּא לְהַקְפִּיד, (תהלים צד, יב): וּמִתּוֹרָתְךָ תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ, מַה כְּתִיב בְּאַבְרָהָם, (בראשית יב, ב): וַאֲבָרֶכְךָ וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶךָ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא קָפַץ עָלָיו רְעָבוֹן וְלֹא קָרָא תִּגָּר וְלֹא הִקְפִּיד אֶלָּא וַיֵּרֶד אַבְרָם מִצְרַיְמָה לָגוּר שָׁם. וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי פָּתַח (תהלים קיא, ה): טֶרֶף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו, טֵרוּף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, אֲבָל לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא (תהלים קיא, ה): יִזְכֹּר לְעוֹלָם, מַה כְּתִיב בְּאַבְרָהָם וַאֲבָרֶכְךָ וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶךָ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא קָפַץ עָלָיו רְעָבוֹן וְלֹא הִקְפִּיד וְלֹא קָרָא תִּגָּר אֶלָּא וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ. וּלְאַבְרָם הֵיטִיב בַּעֲבוּרָהּ וַיְהִי לוֹ צֹאן וּבָקָר וגו' וַיְצַו עָלָיו פַּרְעֹה אֲנָשִׁים וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ אֹתוֹ (בראשית יב, טז כ), רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא רַבָּה אָמַר, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְאַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ צֵא וּכְבשׁ אֶת הַדֶּרֶךְ לִפְנֵי בָנֶיךָ, אַתְּ מוֹצֵא כָּל מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב בְּבָנָיו, בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב (בראשית יב, י): וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (בראשית מה, ו): כִּי זֶה שְׁנָתַיִם הָרָעָב בְּקֶרֶב הָאָרֶץ. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: וַיֵּרֶד אַבְרָם מִצְרַיְמָה לָגוּר שָׁם, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (במדבר כ, טו): וַיֵּרְדוּ אֲבֹתֵינוּ מִצְרַיְמָה. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: לָגוּר שָׁם, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (בראשית מז, ד): לָגוּר בָּאָרֶץ בָּאנוּ. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: כִּי כָבֵד הָרָעָב בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (בראשית מג, א): וְהָרָעָב כָּבֵד בָּאָרֶץ. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר הִקְרִיב, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (שמות יד, י): וּפַרְעֹה הִקְרִיב. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב וְהָרְגוּ אֹתִי וְאֹתָךְ יְחַיּוּ, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (שמות א, כב): כָּל הַבֵּן הַיִּלּוֹד הַיְאֹרָה תַּשְׁלִיכֻהוּ. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: אִמְרִי נָא אֲחֹתִי אָתְּ לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי בַעֲבוּרֵךְ וגו', וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (שמות א, כ): וַיֵּיטֶב אֱלֹהִים לַמְיַלְּדֹת. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: וַיְהִי כְּבוֹא אַבְרָם מִצְרַיְמָה, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (שמות א, א): וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: וְאַבְרָם כָּבֵד מְאֹד בַּמִּקְנֶה, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (תהלים קה, לז): וַיּוֹצִיאֵם בְּכֶסֶף וְזָהָב. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: וַיְצַו עָלָיו פַּרְעֹה, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (שמות יב, לג): וַתֶּחֱזַק מִצְרַיִם עַל הָעָם. בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב: וַיֵּלֶךְ לְמַסָּעָיו, וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (במדבר לג, א): אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.
“There was famine in the land” – Rabbi Pinḥas in the name of Rabbi Ḥanin of Tzippori began: “Blessed is the man whom You chastise, Lord” (Psalms 94:12) – but if he chooses to be indignant [about his misfortune], “You instruct him from Your Torah” (Psalms 94:12). What is written in Abraham’s regard? “I will bless you and I will render your name great” (Genesis 12:2). When he left [his homeland], famine confronted him, but he did not complain and he did not become indignant. Rather, “Abram descended to Egypt to sojourn there.” “There was famine in the land” – Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi began: “He gives food [teref] to those who fear Him” (Psalms 111:5) – He brings disruption [teiruf] in this world to those who fear Him, but in the future, “He remembers [His covenant] forever” (Psalms 111:5). What is written in Abraham’s regard? “I will bless you and I will render your name great” (Genesis 12:2). When he departed, famine confronted him, but he did not protest and he did not complain. Rather, “there was famine in the land [and Abram descended to Egypt to sojourn there].” “He benefitted Abram for her sake; he acquired flocks, cattle, donkeys, slaves, maidservants, female donkeys, and camels” (Genesis 12:16). “Pharaoh commanded men in his regard and they sent away him and his wife, and everything that was his” (Genesis 12:20). “He benefitted Abram for her sake; he acquired flocks, cattle…Pharaoh commanded men in his regard and they sent away him [and his wife]” – Rabbi Pinḥas said in the name of Rabbi Hoshaya the Great: The Holy One blessed be He said to Abraham our forefather: ‘Go and pave the way before your descendants.’ You find that everything that is written in Abraham’s regard is written regarding his descendants. In Abraham’s regard it is written: “There was famine in the land” (Genesis 12:10); in Israel’s regard it is written: “For these two years the famine is in the midst of the land” (Genesis 45:6). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “Abram descended to Egypt to sojourn there” (Genesis 12:10); in Israel’s regard it is written: “Our ancestors descended to Egypt” (Numbers 20:15). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “To sojourn there”; in Israel’s regard it is written: “We have come to sojourn in the land” (Genesis 47:4). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “As the famine was severe in the land” (Genesis 12:10); in Israel’s regard it is written: “The famine was severe in the land” (Genesis 43:1). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “It was when he drew near” (Genesis 12:11); in Israel’s regard it is written: “Pharaoh drew near” (Exodus 14:10). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “They will kill me, and keep you alive” (Genesis 12:12); in Israel’s regard it is written: “Every son who is born, you shall cast him into the Nile [and every girl you shall keep alive]” (Exodus 1:22). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “Please, say you are my sister; so that it may be well with me [yitav li] because of you…” (Genesis 12:13); in Israel’s regard it is written: “God favored [vayeitev] the midwives” (Exodus 1:20). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “It was upon Abram’s arrival in Egypt” (Genesis 12:14); in Israel’s regard it is written: “These are the names of the children of Israel who arrived in Egypt” (Exodus 1:1). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “And Abram was very wealthy in livestock, [in silver, and in gold]” (Genesis 13:2); in Israel’s regard it is written: “He took them out with silver and with gold” (Psalms 105:37). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “Pharaoh commanded [men] in his regard, [and they sent away him and his wife]” (Genesis 12:20); in Israel’s regard it is written: “The Egyptians urged the people, [to send them away in haste]” (Exodus 12:33). In Abraham’s regard it is written: “He went on his journeys” (Genesis 13:3); in Israel’s regard it is written: “These are the journeys of the children of Israel” (Numbers 33:1).