The Tanya contrasts human sin with the spiritual status of angels and other created beings, while explaining that the divine soul and its struggle give human service a distinctive significance. It is useful for the chassidic account of human spiritual potential.
וְאִם כֵּן, הָאָדָם הָעוֹבֵר עַל רְצוֹנוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, הוּא גָּרוּעַ וּפָחוּת הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד מֵהַסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא וּקְלִיפָּה, הַנִּקְרֵאת ״עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה״ וֵ״אלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים״, וְהוּא בְּתַכְלִית הַפֵּירוּד מִיִּחוּדוֹ וְאַחְדּוּתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנָּה, וּכְאִלּוּ כּוֹפֵר בְּאַחְדּוּתוֹ יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנָּה חַס וְשָׁלוֹם. אֲבָל בֶּאֱמֶת לַאֲמִיתּוֹ, אֲפִילוּ עֲבֵירָה קַלָּה, הֲרֵי הָעוֹבְרָהּ עוֹבֵר עַל רָצוֹן הָעֶלְיוֹן בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, וְהוּא בְּתַכְלִית הַפֵּירוּד מִיִּחוּדוֹ וְאַחְדּוּתוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, יוֹתֵר מִסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא וּקְלִיפָּה הַנִּקְרֵאת ״אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים״ וַ״עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה״ מַמָּשׁ, וְיוֹתֵר מִכָּל הַדְּבָרִים הַנִּשְׁפָּעִים מִמֶּנָּה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, שֶׁהֵם בְּהֵמוֹת טְמֵאוֹת וְחַיּוֹת וְעוֹפוֹת טְמֵאִים וּשְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים, וְכַמַּאֲמָר: ״יַתּוּשׁ קְדָמָךְ״, פֵּירוּשׁ, דְּאַף יַתּוּשׁ – שֶׁמַּכְנִיס וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא, שֶׁהִיא קְלִיפָּה הַיּוֹתֵר תַּחְתּוֹנָה, וּרְחוֹקָה מִבְּחִינַת הַקְּדוּשָּׁה הַמַּשְׁפַּעַת בְּתַכְלִית הָרִיחוּק – קוֹדֶמֶת לָאִישׁ הַחוֹטֵא, בְּהִשְׁתַּלְשְׁלוּת וִירִידַת הַחַיּוּת מֵרָצוֹן הָעֶלְיוֹן בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שְׁאָר בַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים הַטְּמֵאִים, וַאֲפִילוּ חַיּוֹת רָעוֹת, שֶׁכּוּלָּם – אֵינָם מְשַׁנִּים תַּפְקִידָם, וּפְקוּדָּתוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ שָׁמְרָה רוּחָם, וְ״אַף־עַל־גַּב דְּאִיהוּ לָא חָזֵי כוּ׳״, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ״וּמוֹרַאֲכֶם וְחִתְּכֶם יִהְיֶה עַל כָּל חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ״, וּכְפֵירוּשׁ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה, שֶׁ״אֵין חַיָּה רָעָה מוֹשֶׁלֶת בְּאָדָם אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִדְמֶה לָהּ כִּבְהֵמָה״; וְהַצַּדִּיקִים, שֶׁאֵין צֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים מִסְתַּלֵּק מֵעַל פְּנֵיהֶם – כָּל חַיּוֹת רָעוֹת אִתְכַּפְיָין קַמַּיְיהוּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּזֹּהַר גַּבֵּי דָּנִיֵּאל בְּגוֹב אֲרָיוֹת. וְאִם כֵּן, הַחוֹטֵא וְעוֹבֵר רְצוֹנוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ אֲפִילוּ בַּעֲבֵירָה קַלָּה, בִּשְׁעַת מַעֲשֶׂה – הוּא בְּתַכְלִית הָרִיחוּק מִקְּדוּשָּׁה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, שֶׁהִיא יִחוּדוֹ וְאַחְדּוּתוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, יוֹתֵר מִכָּל בַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים הַטְּמֵאִים וּשְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים הַמּוּשְׁפָּעִים מִסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא וּקְלִיפַּת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.
If this be so, then the person who opposes His will, blessed be He, is exceedingly inferior to and more debased than the sitra achara and the kelipah, called avodah zarah and “strange gods,” and he is completely sundered from His Unity and Oneness, even more than they, as though denying His unity more radically than they, G–d forbid. The real truth, however, is that even in the case of a minor sin, the offender transgresses against the will of the Supreme One, blessed is He, and is completely sundered from His Unity and Oneness, blessed be He, even more than the sitra achara and the kelipah, called “strange gods” and “idolatry,” and than all things that are derived therefrom in this world, namely, the unclean cattle and beasts, and unclean birds, and the abominable insects and reptiles. To quote: “the gnat was [created] ahead of You [man],” which means that even the gnat—which consumes but does not excrete and is the lowest kelipah and the most distant from holiness, which bestows benevolence even at the greatest distance—precedes the sinful man in the descending gradation and flow of life from the will of the Supreme One, blessed is He. All the more so the other unclean living creatures, and even the fierce beasts, all of which do not deflect from their purpose but obey His command, blessed be He, even though they cannot perceive it…. To quote further, “And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth,” eliciting the commentary of our Sages, of blessed memory, that “no evil beast defies a human being unless he appears to it like an animal.” While confronting the righteous, from whose face the Divine image never departs, the evil beasts are humbled before them, as is stated in the Zohar of Daniel in the lions’ den. It is, therefore, clear that he who sins and transgresses against His will, blessed be He, even in a minor offense, is, at the time he commits it, more completely removed from the Supreme Holiness, namely His Unity and Oneness, blessed be He, than all the unclean living creatures and abominable insects and reptiles which derive their sustenance from the sitra achara and the kelipah of “idolatry.”