This homily develops the Akedah as a test of Abraham and includes the prosecutorial challenge associated with Satan, emphasizing Abraham's readiness to obey despite the apparent contradiction in God's promises.
קְדָמוֹ הַשָּׂטָן בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְנִדְמֶה לוֹ כִּדְמוּת זָקֵן. אָמַר לוֹ: לְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ? אָמַר לוֹ: לְהִתְפַּלֵּל. אָמַר לוֹ: וּמִי שֶׁהוֹלֵךְ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל לָמָּה אֵשׁ וּמַאֲכֶלֶת בְּיָדוֹ וְעֵצִים עַל כְּתֵפוֹ? אָמַר לוֹ: שֶׁמָּא נִשְׁהֶא יוֹם אוֹ יוֹמַיִם וְנִשְׁחַט וְנֹאפֶה וְנֹאכַל. אָמַר לוֹ: זָקֵן, לֹא שָׁם הָיִיתִי כְּשֶׁאָמַר לְךָ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קַח נָא אֶת בִּנְךָ, וְזָקֵן כְּמוֹתְךָ יֵלֵךְ וִיאַבֵּד בֵּן שֶׁנִּתַּן לוֹ לְמֵאָה שָׁנָה. לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ הַמָּשָׁל, מַה שֶּׁהָיָה בְיָדוֹ אִבְּדוֹ וּמְבַקֵשׁ מֵאֲחֵרִים. וְאִם תֹּאמַר יִהְיֶה לְךָ בֵּן אַחֵר, תִּשְׁמַע מִן הַמַּשְׂטִין וּתְאַבֵּד נְשָׁמָה שֶׁתִּתְחַיֵּב עָלֶיהָ בַּדִּין. אָמַר לוֹ: לֹא מַשְׂטִין הָיָה אֶלָּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִתְבָּרַךְ הָיָה, לֹא אֶשְׁמַע מִמְּךָ. הָלַךְ מֵעָלָיו וְנִדְמָה לְבָחוּר וְעָמַד עַל יְמִינוֹ שֶׁל יִצְחָק. אָמַר לוֹ: לְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ? אָמַר לוֹ: לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה. אָמַר לוֹ: בְּחַיֶּיךָ אוֹ בְּמִיתָתְךָ. אָמַר לוֹ: וְכִי יֵשׁ אָדָם שֶׁיִּלְמֹד אַחַר מִיתָה? אָמַר לוֹ: עָלוּב בַּר עֲלוּבָה, כַּמָּה תַעֲנִיּוֹת נִתְעַנֵּית אִמְּךָ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נוֹלַדְתָּ, וְהַזָּקֵן הַזֶּה הִשְׁתַּטָּה וְהוּא הוֹלֵךְ לְשָׁחֳטֶךָ. אָמַר: אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא אֶעֱבֹר עַל דַּעַת יוֹצְרִי וְעַל צִוּוּי אָבִי. חָזַר וְאָמַר לְאָבִיו: אָבִי, רְאֵה מָה אוֹמֵר לִי זֶה. אָמַר לוֹ: אַל תַּשְׁגִּיחַ עָלָיו, שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּא אֶלָּא לְיָעֵף לָנוּ. מִיָּד וַיֹּאמֶר יִצְחָק וְגוֹ'. בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי. וְכִי מֵאַחַר שֶׁהַדֶּרֶךְ קְרוֹבָה, לָמָּה נִתְעַכֵּב שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁלֹּא קִבְּלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ הָלַךְ וְנַעֲשָׂה לִפְנֵיהֶם נָהָר גָּדוֹל. מִיָּד יָרַד אַבְרָהָם לְתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם וְהִגִּיעוּ עַד בִּרְכָּיו. אָמַר לִנְעָרָיו בּוֹאוּ אַחֲרַי, יָרְדוּ אַחֲרָיו. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעוּ עַד חֲצִי הַנָּהָר, הִגִּיעוּ הַמַּיִם עַד צַוָּארוֹ. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה תָּלָה אַבְרָהָם עֵינָיו לַשָּׁמַיִם, אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בְּחַרְתָּנִי וְהוֹרֵתָנִי וְנִגְלֵיתָ לִי וְאָמַרְתָּ לִי, אֲנִי יָחִיד וְאַתָּה יָחִיד, עַל יָדְךָ יִוָּדַע שְׁמִי בְעוֹלָמִי וְהַעֲלֵה יִצְחָק בִּנְךָ לְפָנַי לְעוֹלָה וְלֹא עִכַּבְתִּי. וַהֲרֵינִי עוֹסֵק בְּצִוּוּיֶךָ, וְעַכְשָׁו בָּאוּ מַיִם עַד נָפֶשׁ (תהלים סט, ב). אִם אֲנִי אוֹ יִצְחָק בְּנִי טוֹבֵעַ, מִי יְקַיֵּם מַאֲמָרְךָ. עַל מִי יִתְיַחֵד שְׁמֶךָ. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, חַיֶּיךָ, שֶׁעַל יָדְךָ יִתְיַחֵד שְׁמִי בָּעוֹלָם. מִיָּד גָּעַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הַמַּעְיָן וְיָבַשׁ הַנָּהָר וְעָמְדוּ בַיַּבָּשָׁה.
Satan appeared before him on the road in the guise of an old man and asked: “Whither are you going?” Abraham replied: “To pray.” “And why,” Satan retorted, “does one going to pray carry fire and a knife in his hands, and wood on his shoulders?” “We may tarry there for several days,” said Abraham, “and slaughter an animal and cook it.” The old man (Satan) responded: “That is not so; I was present when the Holy One, blessed be He, ordered you to take your son. Why should an old man, who begets a son at the age of a hundred, destroy him? Have you not heard the parable of the man who destroyed his own possessions and then was forced to beg from others? If you believe that you will have another son, you are listening to the words of a seducer. And furthermore, if you destroy a soul, you will be held legally accountable for it.” Abraham answered: “It was not a seducer, but the Holy One, blessed be He, who told me what I must do, and I shall not listen to you.” Satan departed from him and appeared at Isaac’s right hand in the guise of a youth. He inquired: “Where are you going?” “To study the law,” Isaac replied. “Alive or dead?” he retorted. “Is it possible for a man to learn the law after he is dead?” Isaac queried. He said to him: “Oh, unfortunate son of an unhappy mother, many days your mother fasted before your birth, and now this demented old man is about to sacrifice you.” Isaac replied: “Even so, I will not disregard the will of my Creator, nor the command of my father.” He turned to his father and said: “Father, do you hear what this man has told me?” He replied: “Pay no heed to him, he has come only to torment us.” Forthwith, And Isaac spoke (ibid., v. 7). On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes (ibid., v. 4). Since the distance was extremely short, what delayed them three days? When Satan realized that they would not pay any attention to him, he went ahead and created a river in their path. When Abraham stepped into the river, it reached his knees. He ordered his young men to follow him, and they did so. But in the middle of the river the water reached his neck. Thereupon, Abraham lifted his eyes heavenward and cried out: Master of the Universe, You have chosen me; You have instructed me; You revealed Yourself to me; You have declared: I am one and You are one, and through You shall my name be made known in My world. You have ordered me: Offer, Isaac, thy son, as a sacrifice, and I did not refuse; but now, as I am about to fulfill Thy command, these waters endanger my life. If either I or my son, Isaac, should drown, who will fulfill Your decrees, and who will proclaim the Unity of Your Name? The Holy One, blessed be He, responded: Be assured that through you the Unity of My Name will be made known through the world. Thereupon the Holy One, blessed be He, rebuked the source of the water, and caused the river to dry up. Once again, they stood on dry land.