Tefillahתפילה

Shomea K'Oneh: Fulfilling Obligations Through Listening

Sources exploring the halakhic principle that one who listens attentively to another person's recitation of blessings, prayers, or mitzvot can fulfill their own obligation, provided both parties have the appropriate intention. The sources address conditions for this fulfillment across various contexts including blessings, Grace after Meals, and the shofar.

שׁוֹמֵעַ כְּעוֹנֶה

17 sources · 16 verified

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What the sources say

The principle that hearing is equivalent to reciting is derived in the Gemara from the practice of Hallel: since the congregation responds only with the second half of the verse "Blessed is one who comes — in the name of the Lord" (Sukkah 38b), the Gemara infers that one who hears a recitation is credited as though he recited it himself — and this is corroborated there by a second tradition in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, who draws the same rule from the verse describing what "Yoshiyahu read," when in fact it was Shafan who read it before the king.

The principle, however, is not unconditional: both the one who recites and the one who listens must have intention to fulfill the obligation, as Rosh Hashanah 29a records a baraita in which Rabbi Yosei holds that even for shofar, one does not fulfill his obligation unless both the listener and the sounder direct their minds to the mitzva — though an exception applies to the communal shofar-blower, whose intent encompasses all who hear him.

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 589:8 codifies this for shofar: mutual intent is indispensable, so that if the listener intends to fulfill his obligation but the blower does not intend to discharge it on his behalf — or vice versa — neither fulfills the mitzva; yet one who blows with intent to discharge the obligation of every listener covers even a passerby who hears and intends to fulfill, because the blower's general intent encompasses all hearers.

The same framework governs Megillah reading, where Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 690:8 rules that both the reader and the listener must direct their minds to fulfillment, while noting that a communal reader is presumed to intend to discharge the obligation of all who hear him, even those seated at the back of the synagogue — and Mishnah Berurah 690:48 adds that this intent is indispensable even after the fact and that the listener must catch every single word from the reader's mouth.

For brachot, Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 213:2 rules that one does not fulfill his obligation merely by hearing a blessing and answering Amen unless he heard it from beginning to end with intent to fulfill his obligation and the one who recited it also intended to discharge his obligation — and Mishnah Berurah 213 explains that the underlying reason one's companion can discharge his obligation at all is precisely that shomeah k'oneh renders the listener as though he himself recited the blessing.

Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

Sukkah 38b

סוכה ל״ח ב — ד"ה הוּא אוֹמֵר

Sukkah 38b:4

The sugya explicitly states shomea ke-oneh: one who hears the blessing responds appropriately and fulfills the obligation, with applications to Hallel and other ritual recitations.

הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״אָנָא ה׳ הַצְלִיחָה נָּא״ וְהֵן אוֹמְרִים: ״אָנָּא ה׳ הַצְלִיחָה נָּא״, מִכָּאן שֶׁאִם בָּא לִכְפּוֹל — כּוֹפֵל. הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״בָּרוּךְ הַבָּא״, וְהֵן אוֹמְרִים: ״בְּשֵׁם ה׳״ — מִכָּאן לְשׁוֹמֵעַ כְּעוֹנֶה. אִתְּמַר נָמֵי, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן פַּזִּי אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי מִשּׁוּם בַּר קַפָּרָא: מִנַּיִן לְשׁוֹמֵעַ כְּעוֹנֶה — דִּכְתִיב: ״אֶת (הַדְּבָרִים) אֲשֶׁר קָרָא (יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ)״. וְכִי יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ קְרָאָן? וַהֲלֹא שָׁפָן קְרָאָן, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּקְרָאֵהוּ שָׁפָן (אֵת כׇּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה) לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ״. אֶלָּא, מִכָּאן לְשׁוֹמֵעַ כְּעוֹנֶה.

The prayer leader recites: “Lord, please grant us success,” and the congregation recites in response: “Lord, please grant us success” (Psalms 118:25). From here is the source of the halakha that if one comes to repeat a particular verse in hallel twice, he may repeat it. The prayer leader recites: “Blessed is one who comes” (Psalms 118:26), and the congregation recites the rest of the verse: “In the name of the Lord” (Psalms 118:26), in response. From here is the source of the halakha that the halakhic status of one who hears a passage recited is equivalent to that of one who recites it, as the congregation fulfills its obligation even though it does not repeat the entire verse. It was also stated that Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi said that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said in the name of Bar Kappara: From where is it derived that the halakhic status of one who hears a passage recited is equivalent to that of one who recites it? It is as it is written: “All the words of the book which the king of Judea has read” (II Kings 22:16). And did King Josiah read them? Didn’t Shaphan read them, as it is written: “And Shaphan read it before the king” (II Kings 22:10)? Rather, from here it is derived that the halakhic status of one who hears a passage recited is equivalent to that of one who recites it, and it is as though Josiah read the words himself.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Rosh Hashanah 29a

ראש השנה כ״ט א — ד"ה אִיכַּוַּון וּתְקַע לִי

Rosh Hashanah 29a:1

The Mishnah and Gemara establish that one who hears the shofar blasts from an eligible ba'al teki'ah fulfills the mitzvah, a central application of shomea ke-oneh.

אִיכַּוַּון וּתְקַע לִי. אַלְמָא קָסָבַר: מַשְׁמִיעַ בָּעֵי כַּוָּונָה. הָכָא בִּשְׁלִיחַ צִיבּוּר עָסְקִינַן, דְּדַעְתֵּיהּ אַכּוּלֵּיהּ עָלְמָא. תַּנָּאֵי הִיא, דְּתַנְיָא: שׁוֹמֵעַ — שׁוֹמֵעַ לְעַצְמוֹ, וּמַשְׁמִיעַ — מַשְׁמִיעַ לְפִי דַּרְכּוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים — בִּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר, אֲבָל בְּיָחִיד — לָא יָצָא, עַד שֶׁיִּתְכַּוֵּין שׁוֹמֵעַ וּמַשְׁמִיעַ.

Have intent to sound the shofar on my behalf and sound it for me. The Gemara infers: Apparently, Rabbi Zeira maintains that he who sounds the shofar for others is required to have intent to discharge the hearer’s obligation. The Gemara answers: Here we are dealing with the representative of the community, i.e., one who sounds the shofar for the entire congregation and has everyone in mind. He does not sound it for a specific individual, but rather on behalf of the entire community, and therefore anyone who hears him sound the shofar fulfills his obligation. The Gemara answers: This is the subject of a dispute between tanna’im, as it is taught in a baraita: The hearer hears for himself, and the sounder sounds the shofar in his usual way, i.e., he need not intend to sound it for the sake of the hearer. Rabbi Yosei said: In what case is this statement said? It was said in the case of a representative of the community. But in the case of an ordinary individual, the hearer does not fulfill his obligation until both the hearer and the sounder have intent to discharge the hearer’s obligation, as argued by Rabbi Zeira.

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Chullin 106

חולין ק״ו — ד"ה חֲזָנְהוּ דְּקָא שָׁדוּ מַיָּא מִפּוּמָּא דְּחַצְבָּא

Chullin 106:1

When two individuals eat together, separation of Grace after Meals is a mitzva if both are Torah scholars; however, if one is a scholar and one is an ignoramus, the scholar recites Grace and the ignoramus fulfills his obligation by listening to the scholar.

תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: שְׁנַיִם שֶׁאָכְלוּ – מִצְוָה לֵיחָלֵק. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם סוֹפְרִים, אֲבָל אֶחָד סוֹפֵר וְאֶחָד בּוּר – סוֹפֵר מְבָרֵךְ וּבוּר יוֹצֵא.

The Gemara notes: This halakha is also taught in a baraita: If only two individuals ate, it is a mitzva for them to separate. In what case is this statement said? It is said when they were both scribes, i.e., Torah scholars, who know how to recite Grace after Meals properly. But if one of them was a scribe and one was an ignoramus, the scribe recites Grace after Meals and the ignoramus fulfills his obligation by listening to the scribe.

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Megillah 19b

מגילה י״ט ב — ד"ה גְּמָ׳ מַאן תְּנָא חֵרֵשׁ דִּיעֲבַד נָמֵי

Megillah 19b:7

The Gemara derives that reading the Megillah may be fulfilled through hearing it, treating the listener's reception of the reading as equivalent to personal recitation.

גְּמָ׳ מַאן תְּנָא חֵרֵשׁ דִּיעֲבַד נָמֵי לָא? אָמַר רַב מַתְנָה: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הִיא, דִּתְנַן: הַקּוֹרֵא אֶת שְׁמַע וְלֹא הִשְׁמִיעַ לְאׇזְנוֹ — יָצָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: לֹא יָצָא. לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ, דְּקָתָנֵי חֵרֵשׁ דּוּמְיָא דְּשׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן: מָה שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן — דִּיעֲבַד נָמֵי לָא, אַף חֵרֵשׁ — דִּיעֲבַד נָמֵי לָא.

GEMARA: The Gemara asks: Who is the tanna that taught that the reading of a deaf person, even after the fact, no, it is not valid? Rav Mattana said: It is Rabbi Yosei, as we learned in a mishna elsewhere (Berakhot 15a): If one recites the Shema but does not make it audible to his ears, he has nevertheless fulfilled his obligation. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Yosei said: He has not fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Yosei’s statement implies that one who does not hear what he is saying does not fulfill his obligation. Presumably the halakhot for Shema recitation and Megilla reading are equivalent. The Gemara rejects this proposal: This should not enter your mind, as the mishna teaches the halakha of a deaf person, an imbecile, and a minor together, implying that a deaf person is similar to an imbecile or a minor. Therefore, it may be inferred that just as the readings of an imbecile and a minor are not valid even after the fact, so too, even after the fact, no, the reading of a deaf person is not valid.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Berakhot 21b

ברכות כ״א ב — ד"ה אָמַר רַב הוּנָא

Berakhot 21b:2

Rav Huna rules that one who arrives at a synagogue during the congregation's Amida should begin his own prayer only if he can complete it before the prayer leader reaches modim, while Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi sets the threshold earlier—the prayer must be completable before the prayer leader reaches kedusha.

אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: הַנִּכְנָס לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וּמָצָא צִבּוּר שֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּלִין, אִם יָכוֹל לְהַתְחִיל וְלִגְמוֹר עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעַ שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר לְ״מוֹדִים״ — יִתְפַּלֵּל. וְאִם לָאו — אַל יִתְפַּלֵּל. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר: אִם יָכוֹל לְהַתְחִיל וְלִגְמוֹר עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעַ שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר לִ״קְדוּשָּׁה״ — יִתְפַּלֵּל, וְאִם לָאו — אַל יִתְפַּלֵּל.

Rav Huna said: One who did not yet pray and enters a synagogue and found that the congregation is in the midst of reciting the Amida prayer, if he is able to begin and complete his own prayer before the prayer leader reaches the blessing of thanksgiving [modim], he should begin to pray, and, if not, he should not begin to pray. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: If he is able to begin and complete his prayer before the prayer leader reaches sanctification [kedusha], then he should begin to pray. If not, then he should not begin to pray.

Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Kiddushin 32

קידושין ל״ב — ד"ה מִשֶּׁל מִי

Kiddushin 32:1

Shmuel instructs Rav Yehuda that when a father transgresses Torah law, a son should not explicitly accuse him of wrongdoing; instead, he should present the relevant Torah passage indirectly by saying "Father, this verse is written in the Torah" and then quote it, allowing the father to understand his error without being directly shamed.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ שְׁמוּאֵל לְרַב יְהוּדָה: שִׁינָּנָא, לָא תֵּימָא לֵיהּ לַאֲבוּךְ הָכִי. דְּתַנְיָא: הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה אָבִיו עוֹבֵר עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, אַל יֹאמַר לוֹ ״אַבָּא עָבַרְתָּ עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה״, אֶלָּא אוֹמֵר לוֹ: ״אַבָּא כָּךְ כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה״. ״כָּךְ כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה״ – צַעוֹרֵי קָא מְצַעַר לֵיהּ! אֶלָּא אוֹמֵר לוֹ: ״אַבָּא, מִקְרָא כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה כָּךְ״.

Later, Shmuel said to Rav Yehuda: Big-toothed one, do not speak to your father like that, as it is disrespectful. As it is taught in a baraita: If one’s father was transgressing a Torah matter, he should not say to him explicitly: Father, you transgressed a Torah matter. Rather, he should say to him: Father, so it is written in the Torah. The Gemara asks: If he says to him directly: This is what is written in the Torah, he will cause him suffering. Rather, he should say to him: Father, this verse is written in the Torah, and he should proceed to quote the verse, from which his father will understand on his own that he has acted improperly.

Source 7 · Rishonim
Verified

recovered from “Mishneh Torah, Reading the Megillah and Hanukkah 2:1-2

Mishneh Torah, Reading the Megillah and Hanukkah 2:1-2

משנה תורה, הלכות מגילה וחנוכה ב׳:ה׳

Mishneh Torah, Scroll of Esther and Hanukkah 2:5

Rambam rules that one fulfills the Purim obligation by reading or hearing the Megillah, and emphasizes that the reader must have intention to discharge the listeners' obligation.

הַקּוֹרֵא אֶת הַמְּגִלָּה בְּלֹא כַּוָּנָה לֹא יָצָא. הָיָה כּוֹתְבָהּ אוֹ דּוֹרְשָׁהּ אוֹ מַגִּיהָהּ אִם כִּוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ לָצֵאת בִּקְרִיאָה זוֹ יָצָא וְאִם לֹא כִּוִּן לִבּוֹ לֹא יָצָא.

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Prayer and the Priestly Blessing 8:10

משנה תורה, הלכות תפילה וברכת כהנים ח׳:י׳

Mishneh Torah, Prayer and the Priestly Blessing 8:10

On these two days, the prayer leader fulfills the obligation for one who knows the prayers just as for one who does not, because these are lengthy blessings and most people who know them cannot concentrate their intention as well as the prayer leader can; therefore, if one who knows the prayers wishes to rely on the prayer leader's recitation to discharge his obligation on these two days, he is permitted to do so.

אֲבָל בִּשְׁנֵי יָמִים אֵלּוּ שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר מוֹצִיא אֶת הַיּוֹדֵעַ כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמּוֹצִיא מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם בְּרָכוֹת אֲרֻכּוֹת וְאֵין רֹב הַיּוֹדְעִים אוֹתָן יְכוֹלִין לְכַוֵּן דַּעְתָּן כִּשְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר. לְפִיכָךְ אִם רָצָה הַיּוֹדֵעַ לִסְמֹךְ בִּשְׁנֵי יָמִים אֵלּוּ עַל תְּפִלַּת שַׁ״ץ לְהוֹצִיאוֹ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדוֹ:

Source 9 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Blessings 1:7

משנה תורה, הלכות ברכות א׳:ז׳

Mishneh Torah, Blessings 1:7

A person should recite all blessings audibly enough to hear his own words, but one who does not recite a blessing aloud nonetheless fulfills the obligation whether the words are verbalized or recited silently in the heart.

כָּל הַבְּרָכוֹת כֻּלָּן צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּשְׁמִיעַ לְאָזְנוֹ מַה שֶּׁהוּא אוֹמֵר וְאִם לֹא הִשְׁמִיעַ לְאָזְנוֹ יָצָא בֵּין שֶׁהוֹצִיא בִּשְׂפָתָיו בֵּין שֶׁבֵּרֵךְ בְּלִבּוֹ:

A person should recite all the blessings loud enough for him to hear what he is saying. Nevertheless, a person who does not recite a blessing out loud fulfills his obligation, whether he verbalizes the blessing or merely recites it in his heart.

Source 10 · Rishonim
attested

עקדה, ויקרא ו ב שער נח

עקדה, ויקרא ו ב שער נח

One who reads Shema must audibly produce the words so that his ears hear them, unlike prayer which is speech between a person and God (who hears unspoken thoughts) and thus need only be articulated by the mouth; the Gemara teaches that raising one's voice in prayer indicates weak faith like the prophets of Baal, and the example of Hannah teaches that prayer need not be heard by others, whereas teachings that convey understanding of faith's foundations and the order of practice must be heard by the ear, as indicated by the command "Shema Yisrael.

וזה שאמרו הקורא את שמע ולא השמיע לאזנו לא יצא, בהפך ענין התפלה שהיא דבור עם אלקים השומע דברים שבלב, וצריך שיוציא הדברים בפה בלבד. ואמר בברכות כ"ד המגביה קולו בתפלתו מקטני אמנה ומנביאי הבעל, וכן למדנו מחנה "רק שפתיה נעות", אם כן אין מענין התפלה להשמיעה לאנשים. אמנם המאמרים המלמדים אותנו בינה בשרשי האמונה ובסדר המעשים צריך להשמיעם לאזנינו, כמו שנאמר שמע ישראל...

Source 11 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 589

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים תקפ״ט — ד"ה המתעסק בתקיעת שופר להתלמד לא יצא

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 589:8

The governing code for shofar rules that one who hears the blasts fulfills the mitzvah, provided the blower is obligated and both sides intend to fulfill the obligation.

המתעסק בתקיעת שופר להתלמד לא יצא ידי חובתו וכן השומע מן המתעסק לא יצא וכן התוקע לשורר ולא נתכוון לתקיעת מצוה לא יצא נתכוין שומע לצאת ידי חובתו ולא נתכוון התוקע להוציאו או שנתכוון התוקע להוציאו ולא נתכוון השומע לצאת לא יצא ידי חובתו עד שיתכוון שומע ומשמיע: מי שתקע ונתכוין להוציא כל השומע תקיעתו ושמע השומע ונתכוין לצאת ידי חובתו אע"פ שאין התוקע מתכוין לפלוני זה ששמע תקיעתו ואינו יודעו יצא שהרי נתכוין להוציא לכל מי שישמענו לפיכך מי שהיה מהלך בדרך או יושב בתוך ביתו ושמע תקיעו' משליח צבור יצא אם נתכוין לצאת שהרי ש"ץ מתכוין להוציא את הרבים ידי חובתן:

Someone who is engaged in blowing a shofar in order to practice doesn't fulfil his obligation. Similarly, someone who hears shofar from someone such a person doesn't fulfil his obligation. Similarly, someone who is blowing the shofar to make music and doesn't intend for the mitzva of blowing the shofar doesn't fulfil his obligation. If the listener intends to fulfil the mitzva but the blower doesn't have intent for him or if blower has intent for him but the listener does not; he doesn't fulfil his obligation until the two of them have intent, the listener and the blower. If somebody blows the shofar with the intention of fulfilling the obligation of every listener, and somebody hears it and has the intention to fulfill their obligation, even if the blower is not intending for this specific person who hears his blasts and doesn't know them, they fulfill their obligation, given that he had the intention to fulfill the obligation of everybody who heard him. Therefore, if somebody was walking on the street or sitting at home and heard the communal blasts, they fulfill their obligation if they have the intention to fulfill their obligation because the communal blower has the intention to fulfill the members of the community's obligations.

Source 12 · Acharonim
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Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 690

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים תר״צ — ד"ה הלועז ששמע את המגילה הכתובה בלשון

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 690:8

The governing code for Megillah rules that one fulfills the mitzvah by hearing the reading, provided the reader is obligated and the necessary intention is present.

הלועז ששמע את המגילה הכתובה בלשון הקודש ובכתבי הקודש אע"פ שאינו יודע מה הם אומרים יצא ידי חובתו: הקורא את המגילה צריך שיכוין להוציא השומע וצריך [שיכוין] השומע לצאת ואם הקורא שליח צבור מסתמא דעתו על כל השומעים אפי' הם אחורי בית הכנס' אין מדקדקין בטעיותיה וי"א דוקא בטעו' שהלשון והענין אחד כההוא עובדא דתרי תלמידי דהוו יתבי קמי' דרב חד קרי יהודים וחד קרי יהודיים ולא אהדר חד מינייהו אבל טעות אחר לא:

One who speaks a different language (other than Hebrew) who hears the Megillah which was written in the Holy Language (Hebrew) fulfills his obligation even if he does not know what they are saying. One who reads the Megillah must intend to fulfill the obligations of those who hear it from him, and the one who hears must intend to fulfill his obligation through hearing it. And if the reader is the chazan he likely intends to fulfill the obligation of all who hear from him, even those in the back of the shul. We are not precise in correcting reading errors. And there are those who say [that we are not so precise] specifically with errors which don't change the meaning such as the two students that were sitting with Rav, and where one read it as Yehudim and another reads it as Yehudiim, and neither were corrected. But [according to this second opinion] regarding other errors [which do change the meaning] he does not fulfill their obligation [if he is not precise in the language].

Source 13 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 213

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים רי״ג — ד"ה אין המברך מוציא אחרים אא"כ יאכל

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 213:2

The Shulchan Arukh codifies the general law that one may fulfill a blessing obligation by hearing it from another, when both parties have the requisite intention and the listener responds appropriately.

אין המברך מוציא אחרים אא"כ יאכל וישתה עמהם ואז יוצאים בשמיעתן שמכוונין אליו אפי' לא יענו אמן: אין יוצא ידי חובתו בשמיעת הברכה אפי' יענה אמן אא"כ שמעה מתחלתה ועד סופה ונתכוין לצאת בה ידי חובתו והמברך נתכוין ג"כ להוציאו ידי חובתו:

One who is blessing covers others, unless one is eating or drinking with them, and then they will depart their obligation with their listening when they are intending to be covered by that blessing, even if they hadn't answered "amen". One does not fulfill their obligation by hearing the blessing, even if they answer Amen, unless they heard it from the beginning to the end and intended to fulfill their obligation through it, and the one who recited the blessing also intended to fulfill their obligation on their behalf.

Source 14 · Acharonim
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Mishnah Berurah 213

משנה ברורה רי״ג

Mishnah Berurah 213

The Mishnah Berurah explains the practical conditions of shomea ke-oneh in blessings, including the relationship between the reciter's intention, the listener's intention, and the listener's response.

(ג) אחד פוטר את חבירו - ר"ל אפילו יודע כ"א בעצמו לברך אפ"ה אחד מברך ומוציא חבירו לכתחלה והוא שחבירו ישמע הברכה מתחלה ועד סוף ויכוין לצאת כדלקמן ס"ב והכי עדיף טפי דברוב עם הדרת מלך: (יז) אפילו לא יענו אמן - דקי"ל דשומע כעונה והרי הוא כמברך בעצמו.

Source 15 · Acharonim
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Mishnah Berurah 589

משנה ברורה תקפ״ט

Mishnah Berurah 589

The passage discusses whether one fulfills the obligation to hear the shofar sound when listening without explicit intent: one who comes to synagogue generally (without specific intent to discharge the obligation) fulfills the obligation even if his heart was not directed toward that purpose at the moment of hearing, provided he came to synagogue as part of the congregation with that obligation in mind.

(ג) דכיון שאינו שומע וכו' - שהרי אנו מברכין וציונו לשמוע קול שופר: (טז) ולא נתכוון השומע לצאת - זה מיירי כשבא לביהכ"נ בסתמא אבל אם בא לביהכ"נ לצאת ידי חובה עם הצבור אע"פ שבשעה ששמע לא כיון לבו אלא בסתמא יצא:

Source 16 · Acharonim
Verified

Mishnah Berurah 690

משנה ברורה תר״צ — ד"ה (מח) צריך שיכוין וכו' וצריך וכו'

Mishnah Berurah 690:48

The Mishnah Berurah details the laws of fulfilling Megillah through hearing, including the reader's intention, the listener's attention, and circumstances that invalidate or impede hearing.

(מח) צריך שיכוין וכו' וצריך וכו' - ולעיכובא הוא אפילו בדיעבד וזה הכיון הוא קודם שמתחיל לקרוא יכוין על כל הקריאה זה לצאת וזה להוציא ותו א"צ לכוין בכל הקריאה. וצריך השומע להאזין אוזנו ולשמוע כל תיבה ותיבה מפי הקורא ואם חיסר הקורא אפילו תיבה אחת וכן אם השומע חיסר תיבה אחת לשמוע לא יצאו וצריך לחזור:

Source 17 · Acharonim
Verified

Magen Avraham 213:1

מגן אברהם רי״ג:א׳

Magen Avraham 213:1

Magen Avraham discusses the scope of shomea ke-oneh in blessings and the need for shared intention when one person recites on behalf of another.

אית' בגמרא שדרכן היה בסעודות גדולות שהאורחים מתכנסים ויושבי' ע"ג ספסלים ושותין עד שנקבצו כלם ואז עולין ויושבין במקום הסעודה ובמקום הראשון כל אחד מברך לעצמו דכיון דדעתייהו למיעקר לא מקרי קביעות כלל וגרע מישיבה, כתבו התו' וא"ת מ"ש דבמוגמר לא בעי הסיבה וי"ל דבמוגמר כלם נהנים ביחד משא"כ באכילה שנהנים זא"ז עכ"ל

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  • מִי שֶׁתָּקַע וְנִתְכַּוֵּן לְהוֹצִיא כָּל הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ תְּקִיעָתוֹ וְשָׁמַע הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ וְנִתְכַּוֵּן לָצֵאת יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין הַתּוֹקֵעַ מִתְכַּוֵּן לְזֶה פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁשָּׁמַע תְּקִיעָתוֹ וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדְעוֹ יָצָא. שֶׁהֲרֵי נִתְכַּוֵּן לְכָל מִי שֶׁיִּשְׁמָעֶנּוּ.

    Same passage as Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 589:8

  • כל הברכות שאומר אדם מצוה שישמיע לאזניו, ואפילו תפלת י"ח שאומר בלחש צריך שיחתוך בשפתיו וישמיע לאזניו אך לא יגביה קולו עד שישמע חבירו, כך כתבו המפרשים.

  • בפסוק והיה אם שמע תשמעו... והיה לשון שמחה, כפי השמחה והשתוקקות האדם אל המצות כך זוכה לשמוע ולקיים... והיינו שעל ידי הנאה והשמחה מקיים המצוה בשלימות, וזה הכנת המצוה, לכן תיקנו ברכה קודם המצוה.

  • הקורא קריאת שמע לא ירמוז בעיניו ולא יקרוץ בשפתיו ולא יראה באצבעותיו כדי שלא תהיה קריאתו עראי, ואם עשה כן אף על פי שיצא ידי חובתו הרי זה מגונה. וצריך להשמיע לאזנו כשהוא קורא, ואם לא השמיע לאזנו יצא, וצריך לדקדק באותיותיו ואם לא דקדק יצא.

  • אם שמע תשמע - כבר הזכרתי כי כל שמיעה שאחריה למ"ד או בי"ת אין פירושה לשמע הדבר, רק להבין טעם הענין הנושא הדבר, והנה זו השמיעה שיבין מה מצוה לעשות.

  • ושמעת בקולו - ...אלא מכאן בנין אב דכל מקום דכתיב שמיעה בקול הכונה לדקדק בדבריו, ואם כן אמר המקרא שמלבד שתשוב למצוה מעשית, עוד ושמעת בקולו ללמוד בדיוק התלמוד ובפלפול המביא להוראה.

  • אם שמע תשמע - זו קבלה שיקבלו עליהם.

  • Pesachim 4aunverified

    ושמע מינה שמועה רחוקה אינה נוהגת אלא יום אחד, ושמע מינה מקצת היום ככולו...

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